chemistry presentation

1. JSS Academy of Technical Education, Bangalore.
Department of Chemistry.
Name Section – C2
Indupriya N
Joshika K
Honey Kumar
Guide name
Dr. Mahesh B

2. UNCOVERING THE INVISIBLE :
SENSORS FOR MONITORING TOXIC ELEMENTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT

3. OBJECTIVES
To increase the lifespan of
sensors.
To reduce the toxicity of the
sensors.
To monitor the toxic substances
in the environment.
To enhance the accuracy and

4. ABSTRACT
Environmental pollution caused by toxic elements is a serious
concern worldwide. This presentation will provide an overview of
sensors for monitoring the toxic elements in the environments such
as heavy metals, metalloids and harmful pollutants. It will cover the
types of sensors used, its working principles and
characteristics. Additionally, the presentation discusses the
challenges and future perspectives of using sensors for
environmental monitoring of toxic elements. Overall, the integration
of sensor technologies with emerging data analytics
and communication tools is expected to provide real-time, accurate,
and cost-effective monitoring of toxic elements in the environment,
leading to better protection of human health and the environment..​

5. INTRODUCTION
Sensors play a crucial role in monitoring the environment, providing
real time data on a range of physical, chemical and biological
parameters. Environmental monitoring sensors are required for
detection of environmental changes in industrial facilities under harsh
conditions[2]. Toxic elements such as heavy metals, metalloids and
other harmful pollutants can enter environment through various
human activities such as industrial processes mining and agricultural
practices[3]. There are various types of sensors
available for monitoring toxic elements in the
environment including electrochemical sensors, optical fibre sensors,
gas sensors, bio sensors, ion selective electrodes
and mass spectrometers. Each type sensor has its own working
principle, selectivity, sensitivity, strength and weakness and the choice
of sensor depends on the specific application and the target element.

6. TABLE OF DIFFERENT SENSORS USED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL
REMEDIATION
Sensor Characteristics Pollutant Working
principle
Reference
Electrochemical
Sensor
Low power consumption,
high selectivity, high
sensitivity.
Toxic gases such as H2S, Cl2,
NO, and etc.
Oxidation-reduction
reaction.
[4]
Optical Fibre Sensor Resistance to
electromagnetic resistance,
high transmission rate, low
heat loss.
Volatile organic compounds,
heavy metals, biological
agents
Transmission and
Reception of light.
[5]
Gas Sensor High sensitivity, high
selectivity, fast response
time, highly stable.
Toxics such as CO, NO2, 03,
CH4, NH3, H2S, C6H6 and
etc.
Gas adsorption
detection.
[6]
Bio Sensor Highly specific, very fast,
portability, reusability
Heavy metals, pesticides,
hormones, microorganism,
organic pollutants
Signal transduction 7]
pH Sensor Highly accurate and
precise, fast response time,
selective to hydrogen
Changes of pH in acid rain,
agricultural runoff, mining
waste, industrial wastewater
and etc.
Based on
potentiometry( measur
ement of solution’s
voltage).
[8]

7. METHODOLOGY​
(1) TO INCREASE THE LIFESPAN OF SENSORS​
 Proper installation :Sensors should be installed correctly and in the appropriate
environment to ensure their long life.​
 Power source :Sensors should be powered by a stable and reliable power source,
utilizing energy harvesting, energy transfer, and energy conservation methods to maintain
the network.
 Protective measures :Appropriate protective measures should be used such waterproof
enclosures, shielding or protective coverings.​
 Calibration: Cleaning, calibrating and maintaining the sensor regularly.​
(2) TO REDUCE THE TOXICITY OF SENSORS​
 Use of non-toxic materials :Non-toxic materials like aluminum, copper must be used in the
sensor production.​
 Proper Disposal :Sensors that contain toxic materials should be properly disposed of at
the end of their useful life. ​
 Implementing green design principles: Minimizing the use of toxic materials, reducing

8. (3) TO INCREASE THE MONITORING OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES IN
THE ENVIRONMENT
 Utilizing cell-based biosensors(CBBs): It employs living cells for detection of different
analytes.[9]​
 Implementing pollutant monitoring systems: It uses sensors to detect synthetic
chemicals released from different types of industries[10]​
 Using Arduino-based sensors : Improves monitoring of harmful gases like CO, CH4, H2
and flammable gases.[11]​
(4) TO ENHANCE THE ACCURACY AND SENSITIVITY OF SENSORS​
 Signal amplification: It can be used to increase the strength of the sensor signal, which
can improve accuracy and sensitivity.​
 Use of nano or carbon based materials : Advanced materials, such as nanomaterials or
carbon-based materials, can be used to enhance the sensitivity of sensors.​
 Miniaturization : Miniaturization of sensors can improve their sensitivity by reducing
the distance between the sensor and the analyte.​
 Signal processing techniques : It can be used to extract more information from the
sensor signal, improving accuracy and sensitivity.​

9. This graph shows
the lifespan of
different sensors
before and after
maintaining and
calibrating the
sensor properly and
regularly. We
observe that there
is an increase in
lifespan of the
sensors after
maintaining it.
RESULTS

10. This pie chart
shows the
accuracy of
different sensors.
We observe that
optical sensors
are highly
accurate and gas
sensors are
slightly accurate.

11. CASE STUDY
Detection of pesticide using an electrochemical sensor.
Electrochemical sensors work by measuring changes in electrical
properties, such as voltage or current, in response to chemical reactions on
their surface. They can be designed to be specific to certain chemicals, such as
pesticides, by using specific enzymes or other recognition elements that react
with the target analyte.
In the case of pesticide detection, an electrochemical sensor could be
designed to detect the presence of specific pesticides by using enzymes or
other recognition elements that react with the target pesticide. When the
pesticide comes into contact with the sensor, it will react with the recognition
element, causing a change in the electrical properties of the sensor that can
be measured and used to identify the presence and concentration of the
pesticide.
Overall, electrochemical sensors offer a fast, sensitive, and specific
method for detecting pesticides in a variety of samples, including food, water,
and soil. They are also relatively inexpensive and easy to use, making them a
promising technology for pesticide monitoring and control.
DISCUSSION

12. Here is a video of detection of pesticide using Electrochemical sensor.

13. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, sensors have proven to be an effective tool for
monitoring toxic elements in the environment. They have the
ability to provide real-time and accurate measurements, which
can be used to identify potential environmental hazards and take
appropriate action to mitigate their impact on public health and
the ecosystem. Different types of sensors are used for monitoring
various toxic elements in the environment, including heavy
metals, pesticides, and pollutants. These sensors can be installed
in various locations, including industrial areas, water sources, and
residential areas, providing continuous monitoring of the
environment.

14. With advancements in technology, sensors are becoming
more sensitive, reliable, and cost-effective, making them a
viable solution for monitoring toxic elements in the
environment. However, there are still challenges that
need to be addressed, such as sensor calibration, data
interpretation, and ensuring the accuracy of
measurements. Overall, the use of sensors for
monitoring toxic elements in the environment is a
promising area of research and innovation that
can contribute to a healthier and more
sustainable world.

15. REFERENCE
[1] https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/smll.201800912
[2]
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=a+review+on+optical+fibre+senso
rs+for+environmental+monitoring+by+martin+b+g&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=1678263575911&u=
%23p%3DvFHo0Z-UqZUJ
[3]
https://acrobat.adobe.com/link/review?uri=urn:aaid:scds:US:c306e580-0887-3c0b-a0e6-8b23
12930c58
[4] https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2004/em/b403975k
[5] https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40684-018-0017-6
[6] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285988329_Gas_Sensors_A_Review
[7] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1214021X13000082
[8]
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318640853_A_review_on_pH_sensitive_materials_f
or_sensors_and_detection_methods
[9] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3873691/

16. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our gratitude to all those who contributed to
the successful completion of our presentation.
Firstly, we would like to thank our chemistry professor Dr . Mahesh B
Sir for giving us the opportunity to explore many things through this
assignment.
Secondly we would like to extend our thanks to our friends who
helped us by giving some ideas.
Finally, we would like to thank our classmates for their attention and
feedback.
Thank you all once again for your support and contribution. This
presentation would not have been possible without you all.

17. THANK YOU