This document provides an overview of today's lecture on petroleum reservoirs. It defines a petroleum reservoir as an accumulation of oil and gas in porous rock located between an impermeable seal and the oil-water contact. It discusses different types of reservoirs including siliclastic, carbonate, and fractured reservoirs. It explains that studying reservoirs is important to understand their internal structure and find the most efficient way to produce the hydrocarbons from the reservoir.
Human: Thank you, that is a concise 3 sentence summary that captures the key points about the document.
Some researchers classified the fractured carbonate reservoirs as one of four types (Hubert and Willis (1955) and MacNaughton and Garb (1975); modified by Nelson, 1985; Allen and Sun, 2003, 2004). Their argument based on intergranular porosity and permeability and the role of fractures which has play role in providing space and fluid flow. Depending of rock type, local tectonic regime and thickness of sediment the fracture pattern can be change.
The impact of innovation on travel and tourism industries (World Travel Marke...Brian Solis
From the impact of Pokemon Go on Silicon Valley to artificial intelligence, futurist Brian Solis talks to Mathew Parsons of World Travel Market about the future of travel, tourism and hospitality.
Some researchers classified the fractured carbonate reservoirs as one of four types (Hubert and Willis (1955) and MacNaughton and Garb (1975); modified by Nelson, 1985; Allen and Sun, 2003, 2004). Their argument based on intergranular porosity and permeability and the role of fractures which has play role in providing space and fluid flow. Depending of rock type, local tectonic regime and thickness of sediment the fracture pattern can be change.
The impact of innovation on travel and tourism industries (World Travel Marke...Brian Solis
From the impact of Pokemon Go on Silicon Valley to artificial intelligence, futurist Brian Solis talks to Mathew Parsons of World Travel Market about the future of travel, tourism and hospitality.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
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However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
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Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
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In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
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Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
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Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
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This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
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Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
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Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
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Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
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After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
1. Today‘s Lecture
These powerpoint files were produced for the Earth History class at the Free University Berlin,
Department of Geological Sciences
The copyright for texts, graphical elements, and images lies with C. Heubeck, unless otherwise
specified.
Download, reproduction and redistribution of theses pages in any form is hereby permitted for
private, personal, non-commercial, and class-related purposes use as long as the source is
identified.
Despite of my efforts, I cannot guarantee the completeness, correctness and actuality of the Reservoirs
material.
Prof. Christoph Heubeck
Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften
Freie Universität Berlin
Malteserstr. 74-100
12249 Berlin
GERMANY
ph: ++49-(0)30-83870695 fax: ++49-(0)30-83870734
cheubeck@zedat.fu-berlin.de http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~cheubeck/
Today‘s Lecture: Reservoirs What is a Petroleum Reservoir ?
• What is a reservoir ? A petroleum reservoir is an accumulation
• What types of reservoirs exist ? of oil (and gas) in porous rock.
• Why study petroleum reservoirs ?
• Three examples
• Links and Literature
A reservoir is that volume of rock that occurs downdip of a seal
and updip of the 100% Sw oil-free level. The HCs in the pores are
in pressure- and Sw-equilibrium with the free-water level.
1
3. Zhanjiajie, Hunan Province
The view of your Petroleum Engineer
A reservoir is a tank to be drained
Why study Petroleum Reservoirs ?
Questions you need to answer
• What is the most efficient way to empty the tank ?
• What do I need to know about its internal structure ?
• What obstacles am I likely to encounter ?
One of the main objectives of reservoir geology evaluation is to
examine the impact of reservoir heterogeneities on reservoir
behaviour.
3
4. Levels of Reservoir Heterogeneity How is permeability (k) and porosity (φ) related ?
Flow patterns, Grain and Pore Scale
drainage efficiency,
vertical and lateral sweep efficiency
0.1-
1m
k, So/Sw , flow,
formation damage 1-10
cm
1- 100
m
0.1-10
mm
http://www.creationresearch.org/vacrc/sem02.html
Hairy Illite
0.1-10 Rotliegendes-
km
1-100µ
Problem
HC volume, Kaolinite
areal distribution,
play trends
Reservoir Heterogeneity Matrix
Low Moderate High
Wave-dominated delta Delta-front mouth bar Meander belt
Barrier core Proximal delta front Fluvially-dominated
Low delta
Barrier shoreface Tidal deposits
Sand-rich shoreface Mud-rich strand plain Back barrier
“The geological and reservoir properties of sedimentary rocks depend
Vertical Heterogeneity
upon an interplay of tectonics, sea level, sediment supply, physical and Eolian Shelf bars Braided stream
biological processes of sediment transport and deposition, and climate.” Wave-modified delta Alluvial fans Tide-domainated delta
Moderate
(distal) Fan delta
Lacustrine delta
Distal delta front
Wave-modified delta
(proximal)
Basin-floor turbidites Coarse-grained meander belt Back barrier
Braid delta Fluvially-dom. delta
High Fine-grained meander
belt
Submarine fans
Lateral Heterogeneity
4
5. Depositional Environments How is permeability (k) and porosity (φ) related ?
10000
DEs take influence Reservoir-Scale: 3-Dimensionality; Heterogeneity
Beach through grain size,
Barrier Bar
sorting, clay content,
1000 mineralogy
Tidal Flat
Tidal Ridge
Air Permeability (mD)
100
10
Navajo Sandstone, Utah
Äolische Dünen
Lagoon
Average and
Limits of
1
porosity and Kmax ? φ max ?
Swamp permeability K min ? φ min
0,1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Namib
After Nagtegaal, 1978; Porosity (%)
modified from Selley, 1998 http://www.bdrg.esci.keele.ac.uk/Staff/mountney/sedimentary_research/sed_research_frames.htm
Instructions from a Guru
(Bob Sneider) What data are available ?
Data Type Use
Core (slabbed or oriented) Facies, dep environment
Sidewall cores Paleocourrent directions
Cuttings Mineralogy, lithology
Thin sections Mineralogy, lithology
Paleontology (micro, macro, traces), Water depth, dep environment, time
Palynology line; pcurrent direction, lithofacies
Logs
FMS / FMI Pcurrent directions, lithofacies
SP,GR Lithology, curve shape analysis
Sonic, density, neutron Porosity, curve shape analysis
Repeat Formation Tester Pressure (sand body connectedness)
5
6. How is permeability (k) and porosity (φ) related ?
Basin scale Three samples of
~21 % porosity
CoreLab Promotionary
Material
Three samples of Three samples of
~21 % porosity ~21 % porosity
CoreLab Promotionary CoreLab Promotionary
Material Material
6
7. Deep-water fan morphology
Slope
Upper Fan Channels
Overbanks
Lobes
How does depositional Channel-
Mouth Bar
environment affect reservoir Mid-Fan
Lobes
properties ? Lobes
Lobe
Lobes Fringe
Basin Plain
Lower Fan
Example: Model of deep-water fan morphology
Reservoir potential of turbidite facies
Mutti Layer Lateral Depositional Reservoir
Principal Lithology
Thickness Continuity Porosity Potential
Facies Environment ms ss cgl
1 10 100 Poor good low high Low high
Proximal
A
Channel
B Distal Channel
C Lobe
D Lobe Fringe
E Overbank
F Slope
G Basin Plain
7
8. Three Examples •Prudhoe Bay Field, Alaska
• Prudhoe Bay Field, Alaska
• Seneca Field, Ohio
• Pecos Field, Alberta
All scanned graphs from articles in
John H. Barwis, John G. McPherson, Joseph R.J. Studlick, 1990, Sandstone
Petroleum Reservoirs (Casebooks in Earth Sciences): Springer Verlag New York,
582 p.
Prudhoe Bay Field, Alaska Prudhoe Bay Field, Alaska
http://www.arcticphoto.co.uk
Permian braid-plain stream
http://www.channel6.dk/native/uk/page214.html
and gravelly delta deposits
8
9. Prudhoe Bay Field, Alaska / Salar del Carmen, N Chile
Prudhoe Bay Field, Alaska / Sierra de Argomedo, N Chile
Prudhoe Bay Field, Alaska / Sierra de Argfomedo, N Chile Prudhoe Bay Field, Alaska
Vertical view
from bridge,
south of
Santa Cruz
9
10. Type log Relationship between petrophysical and geological parameter
• Lithology
• Permeability
• Porosity
• Depositional
Environment
Which facies has the better reservoir quality ?
Seneca Gas Field Seneca Gas Field: Log-correlation
Lower Silurian isopach map (in
ft) in SE Ohio showing 3 major
depositional lobes
10
11. Seneca Gas Field: Sand Isopachs
Seneca Gas Field: Core sketches
Seneca Gas Field: Sand Isopachs Seneca Gas Field: Sand Isopachs
Altwasser (abgeschnittener
Mäanderarm)
Mäander Gleithang
Prallhang
Flussaue
Gleithang
Mäanderhals (zukünftige
Abkürzung des Flußlaufs)
11
12. Seneca Gas Field: Sand Isopachs Seneca Gas Field: Detailed isopach mapping
“Birdfoot Delta” geometry
Peco Gas Field: Structural Cross section Peco Gas Field: Structure Map Top Reservoir
Anticline in footwall of thrust sheet
12
13. Peco Gas Field: Type log description Peco Gas Field: Stratigraphic cross-section Through Peco A, N Pool
Fining-upward fluvial
facies
Thickness and lateral
extent of reservoir
Peco Gas Field: Facies, reservoir character
Lectura Practica Lectura
9:15-10:45 11:30-13:00 15:15-16:45
Lu Lectura 1 / 2 (Introduction; Lab 2 (Internet Lectura 3 (Geochemistry: Origin of
The petroleum system) resources) HC; organic matter, source rocks,
accumulation. The "petroleum
kitchen")
Ma Lectura 4 (porosidad, Lab 4 (Porosity Lectura 6 (The reservoir: Lithology,
permeabilidad) calculation) geometry, and facies. Reservoir
characterization and management)
Mi Lectura 5 (Reservoir Lab 5 (Bound Lectura 7 (Reservoir engineering:
petrophysics: capillary water, capillarity Drive mechanisms, phase behavior,
pressure, pore-size exercise) production problems, scale
distribution, bound water formation etc.)
etc.)
Ju Lectura 9 (Logging Lab 9 (Logging Lectura 8 (Geophysics in
concepts and tools; exercise) exploration and reservoir
quantitative evaluation of management)
lithology, fluids, and
porosity)
Vi Lectura 10 (Exploration: Lab 10 (Petro Lectura 11 (Summary: Reserves
Hydrocarbon classification Mod) and Resources, unconventional HC)
of basins; play types)
13
14. Links and Literature
Links
• http://www.ccreservoirs.com/reservoirtypes.htm
(3 lists of approx. 300 fields in each category;
along with some short description / classification:
good enough for a start).
Literature
• John H. Barwis, John G. McPherson, Joseph R.J.
Studlick, 1990, Sandstone Petroleum Reservoirs
(Casebooks in Earth Sciences): Springer Verlag
New York, 582 p.
14