how the body system work

2. Digestive System - breakdown food to
facilitate effective transport of nutrients
to different parts of the body to be used
for energy and other body functions
 Digestive tract - is also called alimentary
canal, alimentary tract or gastrointestinal tract
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4. Mouth - where mechanical breakdown
occurs
 Teeth - tear food into several pieces
 *Mastication - action of chewing or
grinding food
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Subparts:
Incisors, Canines - bite and tear down food
Molars - grind food
Parotid, Submandibular, Buccal - salivary
gland, secrete saliva
Enzymes/Excretions:
Amylase - digests carbohydrates
Residue:
No residue yet; Food

6. Pharynx/throat - where food is placed
after swallowing
 Esophagus - conveyor of food from
pharynx to the stomach
 *Peristalsis movement tiny, rhythmic, wavelike contractions
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7. Subparts:
 Enzymes/Excretions:
 Mucin - lubricate esophagus
 Residue: Masticated food
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8. Stomach - principal organ of digestion
 Subparts:
 Pylorus - where chyme passes
 Pyloric sphincter - where chyme exits the
stomach and enters small intestine
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Enzymes/Excretions:
*Gastric juice
Hydrochloric acid - activator of
pepsinogen, destroy microorganisms
Zymogen - inactive form of proenzyme
Pepsinogen - inactive form of pepsinogen
Mucin - protect stomach lining
Residue:
Chyme

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Small intestine - where most of the nutrients
are absorbed
Subparts:
Duodenum - produce enzyme that signals
pancreas and liver to release its secretion
Jejunum - where absorption mainly takes
place
Ileum - where Vitamin B12 and bile is being
absorbed
Villi - increase surface area for absorption
Pancreas - secretes glucagon and insulin

11. Enzymes/Excretions:
 Lipase - digests fats and oils
 Glucagon - raises the amount of sugar
 Insulin - lowers down amount of sugar
 Somatostatin - inhibits production of
more enzymes
 Residue:
 Chyme
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12. Large intestine/colon - where water is
absorbed
 Subparts:
 Caecum, Ascending colon, Transverse
colon, Descending colon, Sigmoid colon
- parts of large intestine
 Enzymes/Excretions:
 Residue:
 Feces
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Rectum - where feces is stored
*Bowel movement - rectum expands to
hold the feces until nerves around tell the
brain that we have to push it out of our
body.
Anus - where feces/bowels exit our body
Subparts:
Enzymes/Excretions:
Residue:
Feces

14. Physical digestion
 Chemical digestion
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15. Ingestion
 Absorption
 Assimilation
 Excretion
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17. -monosaccharides: glucose, fructose
 -dissaccharides: lactose, sucrose,
maltose
 -polysaccharides: glycogen, starch,
cellulose
 Enzyme:
 -amylase: lactase, sucrase, maltase
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18. Place of digestion:
 -mouth (salivary gland releases salivary
amylase)
 -small intestine (pancreas releases
pancreatic amylase)
 After digestion:
 -stored in the liver to be used as energy
for all body processes in the cells, tissues
and organs
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20. -amino acids
 Enzyme:
 -pepsinogen that becomes pepsin
 -trypsinogen that becomes trypsin
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21. Place of digestion:
 -stomach (releases
pepsinogen, activated by HCl to
become pepsin)
 -duodenum (pacreas releases
trypsinogen)
 After digestion:
 -become components of
hair, skin, eyes, muscles, body organs
and connective tissues
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23. -fats, oils, triglycerides
 Enzyme: lipase, bile
 Place of digestion:
 -mouth (salivary gland releases lingual
lipase)
 -small intestine (pancreas releases
pancreatic lipase)
 After digestion:
 -it will serve as stored energy
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