Human Digestive System, the process of digestion, The system used in the human body for the process of digestion,

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The Digestive SystemThe Digestive System

2. The Digestive system is the body’s food processing complex. It
performs the critical task of supplying essential nutrients to fuel the
other organs and body systems.
$ My name is
Stomach
Gonsalvis

3. Digestive (say: dye-jes-tiv) system started working even before
you took the first bite of your pizza. And the digestive system will
be busy at work on your chewed-up lunch for the next few hours .
This process, called digestion, allows your body to get the
nutrients and energy
The Digestive system has two major components. They include:
1. Gastrointestinal tract – a tube from mouth to anus
2. Accessory organs of digestion – teeth, tongue, salivary glands,
liver, gall bladder, pancreas

4. 
2. Accessory organs of digestion

Teeth

Tongue

Salivary glands

Epiglottis

Liver

Gall bladder

Pancreas

1. Gastrointestinal tract

Mouth

Oesophagus

Stomach

Small Intestine

Large Intestine

Rectum

Anus

Duodenum

Jejunem

Ilium

Ascending colon

Transversal colon

Descending colon

Sigmoidal colon

5. In This MMS we give our mind a
master solution to know the
1. Gastrointestinal tract –
a tube from mouth to anus

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MOUTH –
Also called oral cavity, it consists of cheeks, hard & soft palate,
tongue & lips.
The basic parts of the mouth are :
The upper jaw, that is part of the skull
The lower jaw, connected with the upper jaw and with ability to move
up-down and from side to side
The teeth and gums
The muscles which form the cheeks
The tongue
The salivary glands that pour the saliva into the mouth

7. The mouth contain the enzyme amylase (also called ptyalin).
This enzyme is contained in the saliva. The saliva is secreted by
3 salivary pairs of salivary glands located under the tongue, at
the back of the jaws, and in the cheeks
Saliva also contains lysozyme which helps destroy micro-
organisms. The saliva helps to soften the food so that it is easy
to swallow. Amylase digests starch into maltose.

8. EATING AND SWALLOWING
The parts of the human mouth operate
like a super mincing machine :
- the front teeth cut the food
- the side teeth tear and shred it
- the back teeth crush and grind it
- the saliva moistens the food and
- the action of the tongue and the cheeks mix it all up so that it is
easy to swallow
- tiny pimples on the surface of the tongue, the 'taste buds' tell you
what you are tasting.

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One Function of mouth is to either cool or warm food to a
neutral temperature acceptable for the rest of digestive tract.
Cold Drinks Or Soft drinks just make cooling sensation inside the
mouth after that it is converted in the normal body temperature &
moreover that all soft Drinks labeled that It Not contain any Nutritional
value, so it is batter to drink water rather than to drink soft drinks

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The most precious function of mouth for us is to use it in a
proper way to generate Prescription

12. Esophagus
The esophagus is a muscular tube which carries food and liquids
from the throat to the stomach for digestion after it has been
chewed and chemically softened in the mouth.

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Peristalsis does not only occur in the oesophagus. It continues
through the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Finally,
peristalsis forces food into the rectum. Here it is ready to be
discharged out of the anus.
Peristalsis is a radially symmetrical contraction and relaxation of
muscles which propagates in a wave down the muscular tube

14. Segmentation of FOOD

15. STOMACH
STOMACH

16. STOMACH
This J-shaped muscular sac connects esophagus
to the duodenum.
It is divided into 4 parts (from superior to inferior):
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pylorus

18. The stomach lining is called the
mucosa. This mucosa has many folds
in it forming millions of gastric glands.
These glands secrete gastric juice.
This liquid consists of:
1-Mucous
2-Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
3- Pepsinogen

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1-Mucous- this is produced by goblet or mucous cells of
the mucosa. This substance prevents the stomach from
digesting itself.
2- Pepsinogen- This is produced by chief cells.
Pepseinogen is converted into pepsin by acid in the
stomach. Pepsin converts protein into smaller peptides.

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Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)- This is made by parietal cells. This
gives the stomach a pH of 1 to 2. This acid kills many bacteria,
loosens food, converts pepsinogen into pepsin, and denatures
salivary amylase.
The cells of the stomach are replaced very rapidly. ½
million are produced per minute. In this way, damaged
stomach cells are constantly being replaced.

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Stomach digestion & Absorption
Peristaltic waves occur every 20 seconds when
the stomach is full.
-They mix food and gastric juice in the stomach
and change it to thin liquid called chyme.
Stomach pepsin activated by stomach acid (pH
2.0) breaks down proteins into peptides.
Mucus, secreted by mucous cells, prevents
digestion of proteins in the stomach lining.

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SMALL INTESTINE –
The small intestine is approximately 3 m long and
consists of three parts:
Duodenum The first and shortest part of the small
intestine
Jejunum Lies between the duodenum and the ileum
Ileum The longest segment of the small intestine where
the main absorption of food takes place

23. Chemical breakdown of food
The muscles in the wall of the small intestine continue the
mechanical breakdown of food by peristaltic movements, while
the chemical digestion is brought about by the following juices
which prepare the food to be absorbed into the bloodstream:
Bile (green alkaline liquid)Consists of water, mucus, bile pigments,
bile salts and cholesterol
Pancreatic Juice for the digestion of protein, carbohydrates and fats
Intestinal juice Completes the final breakdown of nutrients, including
simple sugars to glucose and protein to amino acids

24. Absorption and digestion in the small intestine is enhanced by:
Circular folds - permanent ridges in mucosa that cause
chyme to spiral.
Villi - finger-like folds in mucosa that increase surface area
[contain connective tissue, arteriole, venule, capillaries and
lacteal (lymphatic capillary)]
Microvilli - microscopic projections on absorptive cells

26. Undigested food enters your large intestine from
your small intestine.
It then reabsorbs water that is used in digestion
and eliminates undigested food and fibre.
This causes food waste products to harden and
form faeces, which are then excreted

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The rectum and anus are the final stages of the digestive
tract. The rectum is the last straight section of the large
intestine before reaching the anus. The anus is the opening
at the lower end of the digestive tract that controls the
expulsion of feces.
The Rectum and Anus

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30. THANK YOUTHANK YOU
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