Un resoconto di quello che il nostro art director Francesco ha imparato durante il workshop con Bruno Monguzzi, tenutosi presso l'associazione MiCamera nel febbraio 2013.
The document is a chapter from an economics textbook on international trade. It discusses the gravity model of trade which says that trade between two countries is proportional to their economic sizes and inversely related to the geographic distance between them. It also covers how the pattern of world trade has changed over time, with manufacturing now dominating and services trade on the rise.
The IMF and World Bank were established in 1944 to stabilize the global economy and support development. The IMF monitors economies, provides policy advice, and emergency loans to address balance of payments issues. The World Bank provides long-term financing for development projects in poorer countries. Both organizations work to combat food crises by funding emergency aid, supporting agricultural research, and easing trade barriers.
B.B.A
Portfolio Management
Assignment on:
Chittagong Stock Exchange
Submitted to
Associate Professor: Dr. S.M Sohrab Uddin
Department of finance and Banking
University of Chittagong
SUBMETTED BY
Md. Ariful Islam Saimon Chowdhury
ID : 1022114412
Semester :8th Section :A
Department of Finance
Faculty of Business Administration
Premier University, Chittagong.
Introduction international trade and globalization Sujan Oli
International business involves commercial transactions that occur between two or more countries. It includes exports and imports of goods, services, technology, capital, and managerial knowledge. Companies that conduct international business, known as multinational corporations, have several options for doing business abroad, such as exporting, licensing, joint ventures, foreign direct investment through branches or subsidiaries, and providing services. International business integrates the economies of many countries and allows companies to take advantage of resources and markets globally. However, it also faces challenges such as restrictions, competition, and sensitivity to changes in political and economic conditions.
This document discusses economic integration at three levels - global, regional, and bilateral. It outlines four stages of economic integration: free trade areas, customs unions, common markets, and economic unions. Free trade areas eliminate internal tariffs but maintain external tariffs, while customs unions have common external tariffs. Common markets integrate free movement of goods, services, capital and labor. Economic unions coordinate fiscal and monetary policy in addition to a common market. The document also covers some economic effects like trade creation and diversion, as well as issues like trade deflection and national sovereignty.
The document discusses several key aspects of globalization including:
1. Globalization refers to the shift toward a more integrated world economy and includes the globalization of markets and production. Major institutions like the WTO, IMF, and World Bank help manage and regulate global trade.
2. Technological advances in communication and transportation have reduced barriers and facilitated the spread of global markets and production networks.
3. The global economy has changed dramatically in recent decades with developing nations now accounting for a growing share of global GDP, trade, and foreign investment.
The document discusses regulatory frameworks for financial reporting. It addresses the differences between principles-based and rules-based systems, and some of the problems with principles-based approaches. It also describes the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and its role in developing International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The IASB works to develop IFRS through an open process and coordinates with other standard setters to have a worldwide influence on financial reporting.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank were established in 1944 to help rebuild the global economy after World War II. The IMF monitors global economic conditions and provides temporary loans to countries facing economic crises. The World Bank aims to eliminate poverty by providing long-term loans and development assistance to lower-income countries. Both organizations work with over 180 member countries to promote global economic stability and growth.
The document is a chapter from an economics textbook on international trade. It discusses the gravity model of trade which says that trade between two countries is proportional to their economic sizes and inversely related to the geographic distance between them. It also covers how the pattern of world trade has changed over time, with manufacturing now dominating and services trade on the rise.
The IMF and World Bank were established in 1944 to stabilize the global economy and support development. The IMF monitors economies, provides policy advice, and emergency loans to address balance of payments issues. The World Bank provides long-term financing for development projects in poorer countries. Both organizations work to combat food crises by funding emergency aid, supporting agricultural research, and easing trade barriers.
B.B.A
Portfolio Management
Assignment on:
Chittagong Stock Exchange
Submitted to
Associate Professor: Dr. S.M Sohrab Uddin
Department of finance and Banking
University of Chittagong
SUBMETTED BY
Md. Ariful Islam Saimon Chowdhury
ID : 1022114412
Semester :8th Section :A
Department of Finance
Faculty of Business Administration
Premier University, Chittagong.
Introduction international trade and globalization Sujan Oli
International business involves commercial transactions that occur between two or more countries. It includes exports and imports of goods, services, technology, capital, and managerial knowledge. Companies that conduct international business, known as multinational corporations, have several options for doing business abroad, such as exporting, licensing, joint ventures, foreign direct investment through branches or subsidiaries, and providing services. International business integrates the economies of many countries and allows companies to take advantage of resources and markets globally. However, it also faces challenges such as restrictions, competition, and sensitivity to changes in political and economic conditions.
This document discusses economic integration at three levels - global, regional, and bilateral. It outlines four stages of economic integration: free trade areas, customs unions, common markets, and economic unions. Free trade areas eliminate internal tariffs but maintain external tariffs, while customs unions have common external tariffs. Common markets integrate free movement of goods, services, capital and labor. Economic unions coordinate fiscal and monetary policy in addition to a common market. The document also covers some economic effects like trade creation and diversion, as well as issues like trade deflection and national sovereignty.
The document discusses several key aspects of globalization including:
1. Globalization refers to the shift toward a more integrated world economy and includes the globalization of markets and production. Major institutions like the WTO, IMF, and World Bank help manage and regulate global trade.
2. Technological advances in communication and transportation have reduced barriers and facilitated the spread of global markets and production networks.
3. The global economy has changed dramatically in recent decades with developing nations now accounting for a growing share of global GDP, trade, and foreign investment.
The document discusses regulatory frameworks for financial reporting. It addresses the differences between principles-based and rules-based systems, and some of the problems with principles-based approaches. It also describes the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and its role in developing International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The IASB works to develop IFRS through an open process and coordinates with other standard setters to have a worldwide influence on financial reporting.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank were established in 1944 to help rebuild the global economy after World War II. The IMF monitors global economic conditions and provides temporary loans to countries facing economic crises. The World Bank aims to eliminate poverty by providing long-term loans and development assistance to lower-income countries. Both organizations work with over 180 member countries to promote global economic stability and growth.
Technical analysis is the forecasting of future prices based on past price movements. It involves analyzing charts of price, volume, and other data, and applying technical indicators and patterns to identify trends and trading opportunities. The key assumption of technical analysis is that price action discounts everything. It focuses solely on price movements rather than company fundamentals. While technical analysis can provide trading signals, it also has weaknesses like an inability to predict major economic events.
The document discusses economic integration, including its various forms and levels. It defines preferential trade agreements, free trade areas, customs unions, common markets, and economic unions. It also outlines some benefits of economic integration like increased trade and foreign investment. Examples of economic unions discussed include the European Union, NAFTA, EFTA, and APEC. Potential problems with integration are also noted, such as costs of a single currency and differences between member economies.
This document provides sample questions and answers about monopolistic competition for the IB Economics exam. It includes practice questions asking students to draw diagrams showing a firm's profits under monopolistic competition and when abnormal profits can occur. It also provides past paper questions asking students to use diagrams to explain why firms under monopolistic competition are neither allocatively nor productively efficient. Sample answers define key terms and use diagrams and explanations involving marginal cost curves. One question examines whether a monopoly retailer or small shops under monopolistic competition are more beneficial to consumers for the food market. Possible responses consider definitions, diagrams, impacts on efficiency, prices, and welfare.
The Group of Eight (G-8) is an intergovernmental political forum consisting of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The G-8 was originally formed in 1975 as the Group of Six with representatives from France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK, and US. Canada joined in 1976 to form the G-7, and Russia joined in 1997 to become the G-8. The G-8 holds annual summits where the country holding the presidency is responsible for hosting ministerial meetings on issues like health, trade, and foreign affairs. Russia was suspended in 2014 following the annexation of Crimea and withdrew permanently in 2017.
International business involves the exchange of products and services across national borders. Companies pursue international expansion to increase profits, take advantage of product life cycles, and achieve economies of scale, or to respond to competitive pressures and saturated domestic markets. When considering international expansion, companies must gauge demand abroad, adapt products to foreign customer needs, and determine their entry strategy into foreign markets such as exporting, licensing, franchising, foreign direct investment, or establishing a foreign subsidiary. Barriers to international business include cultural, legal, political, and economic barriers like tariffs and trade restrictions.
The document provides information on several international economic institutions established in the mid-20th century:
The IMF was established in 1945 to promote international monetary cooperation and financial stability. The World Bank was established in 1944 to provide development financing. UNCTAD was established in 1964 as a permanent UN organ to promote international trade. The WTO, established in 1995, oversees global trade agreements and settles disputes. The IFC, affiliated with the World Bank, was established in 1956 to promote private sector growth in developing countries.
The document discusses different models of national economic systems and capitalism. It describes market oriented capitalism, which is based on private property, individual freedom, and competitive markets. Developmental capitalism is characterized by a strong state role in guiding development, while social market capitalism blends market forces with social policies. National economies also differ in the role of the state, purposes of economic activity, and structure of private business. Understanding these differences is important for studying the global economy.
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI). It defines FDI as investment from a company in one country into business interests located in another country, with the goal of managing those business interests. The document then discusses different types of FDI, including horizontal FDI where a company invests in similar activities in multiple countries, and vertical FDI where a company invests in different stages of production across countries. It also discusses the factors that influence where companies choose to direct FDI, such as costs, market demand, and availability of resources.
The IMF works to foster global economic growth and stability by managing exchange rates and providing short-term financing to countries with balance of payments issues. It negotiates lending conditions and offers concessional loans to low-income countries. However, IMF policies are often criticized for prioritizing budget balance over economic growth, increasing unemployment, and compelling countries to accept conditions they would not normally. One proposed reform is for the IMF to partner more closely with other international organizations focused on issues like education, agriculture, and development.
This document provides an overview of theories of international trade and barriers to trade. It discusses traditional trade theories like mercantilism, absolute advantage, and comparative advantage. It also covers modern theories including factor proportions theory, product cycle theory, and strategic trade theory. The document then examines different types of tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade such as tariffs, quotas, technical barriers, and restrictions. Finally, it defines trade blocs and discusses how they can reduce barriers between member countries.
World Bank & IMF (International Monetary Fund)Gaurav Jain
The World Bank and IMF were both created in 1945 to help rebuild economies devastated by World War II and promote international economic cooperation. The World Bank provides long-term loans for infrastructure and development projects, while the IMF provides short-term loans to address balance of payments issues and stabilize currencies. Both are based in Washington D.C. and have near-universal global membership of 189 countries working to reduce poverty and foster sustainable economic growth worldwide.
1) The document discusses classical macroeconomic theory, including the quantity theory of money and three equations of exchange: Fisher's transactions model, the income model, and the Cambridge "cash-balances" model.
2) It also covers how classical theory analyzes the effects of monetary and fiscal policy, arguing that government spending has no impact on output in the classical model. Money creation leads to inflation but not changes in output.
3) The document examines supply-side effects of tax cuts in classical theory, where lower taxes increase labor supply and potential output.
O documento descreve os principais pressupostos e modelos da teoria clássica da economia, incluindo: (1) a economia opera no nível de pleno emprego; (2) preços e salários são flexíveis; (3) a oferta determina a demanda através da lei de Say.
This document discusses oligopolies and game theory. It explains that when there are few dominant firms in a market, they can engage in practices like price fixing to restrict output and fix higher prices. This allows them to recognize their interdependence and act together to maximize joint profits. However, cartel agreements are often unstable as firms have an incentive to cheat and exceed their output quotas for higher individual profits. This prisoners' dilemma framework illustrates why cooperation is difficult even when it benefits all parties. Game theory models are useful for understanding interdependent pricing and other strategic decisions in oligopolistic markets.
CONCEPT OF EXPORT MARKETING (FOREIGN TRADE)shafer khan
International trade involves the transfer of goods and services across international borders. Export marketing refers to marketing activities involved in distributing goods and services to overseas markets. It provides several benefits including generating foreign exchange, strengthening international relations, and helping balance a country's payments. Developing an export marketing plan requires establishing objectives, researching export markets, analyzing products, and setting competitive prices that account for additional international costs. Export marketing faces challenges such as trade barriers, global competition, and high product standards imposed by importing countries.
Free trade involves no government restrictions on international trade flows, allowing specialization based on comparative advantage. Protectionism uses tariffs and quotas to restrict imports and protect domestic producers from foreign competition. The document discusses arguments for both, including:
1. Free trade allows resources to be allocated efficiently based on comparative advantage, while protection can lead to unbalanced development.
2. Protectionism is criticized for potentially restricting trade through beggar-thy-neighbor policies, while free trade promotes competition and consumer choice.
3. However, free trade policies require all countries to cooperate and may result in unfair competition for less developed countries. Protectionism aims to remedy these issues but can also increase prices for consumers.
The document provides an overview of derivatives, including definitions of basic derivative instruments like forwards, futures, and options. It discusses key terms related to derivatives markets such as the spot market and indices. Forwards involve a private agreement between two parties to buy or sell an asset at a future date for a pre-determined price. Futures are similar to forwards but are exchange-traded standardized contracts. Options provide the right but not the obligation to buy or sell the underlying asset at a future date at a predetermined strike price. Derivatives help parties transfer and manage price risk.
The impact of innovation on travel and tourism industries (World Travel Marke...Brian Solis
From the impact of Pokemon Go on Silicon Valley to artificial intelligence, futurist Brian Solis talks to Mathew Parsons of World Travel Market about the future of travel, tourism and hospitality.
Technical analysis is the forecasting of future prices based on past price movements. It involves analyzing charts of price, volume, and other data, and applying technical indicators and patterns to identify trends and trading opportunities. The key assumption of technical analysis is that price action discounts everything. It focuses solely on price movements rather than company fundamentals. While technical analysis can provide trading signals, it also has weaknesses like an inability to predict major economic events.
The document discusses economic integration, including its various forms and levels. It defines preferential trade agreements, free trade areas, customs unions, common markets, and economic unions. It also outlines some benefits of economic integration like increased trade and foreign investment. Examples of economic unions discussed include the European Union, NAFTA, EFTA, and APEC. Potential problems with integration are also noted, such as costs of a single currency and differences between member economies.
This document provides sample questions and answers about monopolistic competition for the IB Economics exam. It includes practice questions asking students to draw diagrams showing a firm's profits under monopolistic competition and when abnormal profits can occur. It also provides past paper questions asking students to use diagrams to explain why firms under monopolistic competition are neither allocatively nor productively efficient. Sample answers define key terms and use diagrams and explanations involving marginal cost curves. One question examines whether a monopoly retailer or small shops under monopolistic competition are more beneficial to consumers for the food market. Possible responses consider definitions, diagrams, impacts on efficiency, prices, and welfare.
The Group of Eight (G-8) is an intergovernmental political forum consisting of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The G-8 was originally formed in 1975 as the Group of Six with representatives from France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK, and US. Canada joined in 1976 to form the G-7, and Russia joined in 1997 to become the G-8. The G-8 holds annual summits where the country holding the presidency is responsible for hosting ministerial meetings on issues like health, trade, and foreign affairs. Russia was suspended in 2014 following the annexation of Crimea and withdrew permanently in 2017.
International business involves the exchange of products and services across national borders. Companies pursue international expansion to increase profits, take advantage of product life cycles, and achieve economies of scale, or to respond to competitive pressures and saturated domestic markets. When considering international expansion, companies must gauge demand abroad, adapt products to foreign customer needs, and determine their entry strategy into foreign markets such as exporting, licensing, franchising, foreign direct investment, or establishing a foreign subsidiary. Barriers to international business include cultural, legal, political, and economic barriers like tariffs and trade restrictions.
The document provides information on several international economic institutions established in the mid-20th century:
The IMF was established in 1945 to promote international monetary cooperation and financial stability. The World Bank was established in 1944 to provide development financing. UNCTAD was established in 1964 as a permanent UN organ to promote international trade. The WTO, established in 1995, oversees global trade agreements and settles disputes. The IFC, affiliated with the World Bank, was established in 1956 to promote private sector growth in developing countries.
The document discusses different models of national economic systems and capitalism. It describes market oriented capitalism, which is based on private property, individual freedom, and competitive markets. Developmental capitalism is characterized by a strong state role in guiding development, while social market capitalism blends market forces with social policies. National economies also differ in the role of the state, purposes of economic activity, and structure of private business. Understanding these differences is important for studying the global economy.
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI). It defines FDI as investment from a company in one country into business interests located in another country, with the goal of managing those business interests. The document then discusses different types of FDI, including horizontal FDI where a company invests in similar activities in multiple countries, and vertical FDI where a company invests in different stages of production across countries. It also discusses the factors that influence where companies choose to direct FDI, such as costs, market demand, and availability of resources.
The IMF works to foster global economic growth and stability by managing exchange rates and providing short-term financing to countries with balance of payments issues. It negotiates lending conditions and offers concessional loans to low-income countries. However, IMF policies are often criticized for prioritizing budget balance over economic growth, increasing unemployment, and compelling countries to accept conditions they would not normally. One proposed reform is for the IMF to partner more closely with other international organizations focused on issues like education, agriculture, and development.
This document provides an overview of theories of international trade and barriers to trade. It discusses traditional trade theories like mercantilism, absolute advantage, and comparative advantage. It also covers modern theories including factor proportions theory, product cycle theory, and strategic trade theory. The document then examines different types of tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade such as tariffs, quotas, technical barriers, and restrictions. Finally, it defines trade blocs and discusses how they can reduce barriers between member countries.
World Bank & IMF (International Monetary Fund)Gaurav Jain
The World Bank and IMF were both created in 1945 to help rebuild economies devastated by World War II and promote international economic cooperation. The World Bank provides long-term loans for infrastructure and development projects, while the IMF provides short-term loans to address balance of payments issues and stabilize currencies. Both are based in Washington D.C. and have near-universal global membership of 189 countries working to reduce poverty and foster sustainable economic growth worldwide.
1) The document discusses classical macroeconomic theory, including the quantity theory of money and three equations of exchange: Fisher's transactions model, the income model, and the Cambridge "cash-balances" model.
2) It also covers how classical theory analyzes the effects of monetary and fiscal policy, arguing that government spending has no impact on output in the classical model. Money creation leads to inflation but not changes in output.
3) The document examines supply-side effects of tax cuts in classical theory, where lower taxes increase labor supply and potential output.
O documento descreve os principais pressupostos e modelos da teoria clássica da economia, incluindo: (1) a economia opera no nível de pleno emprego; (2) preços e salários são flexíveis; (3) a oferta determina a demanda através da lei de Say.
This document discusses oligopolies and game theory. It explains that when there are few dominant firms in a market, they can engage in practices like price fixing to restrict output and fix higher prices. This allows them to recognize their interdependence and act together to maximize joint profits. However, cartel agreements are often unstable as firms have an incentive to cheat and exceed their output quotas for higher individual profits. This prisoners' dilemma framework illustrates why cooperation is difficult even when it benefits all parties. Game theory models are useful for understanding interdependent pricing and other strategic decisions in oligopolistic markets.
CONCEPT OF EXPORT MARKETING (FOREIGN TRADE)shafer khan
International trade involves the transfer of goods and services across international borders. Export marketing refers to marketing activities involved in distributing goods and services to overseas markets. It provides several benefits including generating foreign exchange, strengthening international relations, and helping balance a country's payments. Developing an export marketing plan requires establishing objectives, researching export markets, analyzing products, and setting competitive prices that account for additional international costs. Export marketing faces challenges such as trade barriers, global competition, and high product standards imposed by importing countries.
Free trade involves no government restrictions on international trade flows, allowing specialization based on comparative advantage. Protectionism uses tariffs and quotas to restrict imports and protect domestic producers from foreign competition. The document discusses arguments for both, including:
1. Free trade allows resources to be allocated efficiently based on comparative advantage, while protection can lead to unbalanced development.
2. Protectionism is criticized for potentially restricting trade through beggar-thy-neighbor policies, while free trade promotes competition and consumer choice.
3. However, free trade policies require all countries to cooperate and may result in unfair competition for less developed countries. Protectionism aims to remedy these issues but can also increase prices for consumers.
The document provides an overview of derivatives, including definitions of basic derivative instruments like forwards, futures, and options. It discusses key terms related to derivatives markets such as the spot market and indices. Forwards involve a private agreement between two parties to buy or sell an asset at a future date for a pre-determined price. Futures are similar to forwards but are exchange-traded standardized contracts. Options provide the right but not the obligation to buy or sell the underlying asset at a future date at a predetermined strike price. Derivatives help parties transfer and manage price risk.
The impact of innovation on travel and tourism industries (World Travel Marke...Brian Solis
From the impact of Pokemon Go on Silicon Valley to artificial intelligence, futurist Brian Solis talks to Mathew Parsons of World Travel Market about the future of travel, tourism and hospitality.
We’re all trying to find that idea or spark that will turn a good project into a great project. Creativity plays a huge role in the outcome of our work. Harnessing the power of collaboration and open source, we can make great strides towards excellence. Not just for designers, this talk can be applicable to many different roles – even development. In this talk, Seasoned Creative Director Sara Cannon is going to share some secrets about creative methodology, collaboration, and the strong role that open source can play in our work.
Reuters: Pictures of the Year 2016 (Part 2)maditabalnco
This document contains 20 photos from news events around the world between January and November 2016. The photos show international events like the US presidential election, the conflict in Ukraine, the migrant crisis in Europe, the Rio Olympics, and more. They also depict human interest stories and natural phenomena from various countries.
The Six Highest Performing B2B Blog Post FormatsBarry Feldman
If your B2B blogging goals include earning social media shares and backlinks to boost your search rankings, this infographic lists the size best approaches.
1) The document discusses the opportunity for technology to improve organizational efficiency and transition economies into a "smart and clean world."
2) It argues that aggregate efficiency has stalled at around 22% for 30 years due to limitations of the Second Industrial Revolution, but that digitizing transport, energy, and communication through technologies like blockchain can help manage resources and increase efficiency.
3) Technologies like precision agriculture, cloud computing, robotics, and autonomous vehicles may allow for "dematerialization" and do more with fewer physical resources through effects like reduced waste and need for transportation/logistics infrastructure.
5. Il contesto ha cambiato
la percezione delle due foto.
C’è stato un processo qualificante
nella costruzione del senso.
Il senso si costruisce attraverso
l’analisi dei fattori di interazione.
6. I fattori di interazione
1. Dimensione
2. Collocamento
3. Orientamento
4. Punto di vista
5. Scala/Proporzioni
6. Scala tonale
7. Struttura: Grafica/Latente
8. Texture/Segno
9. Contenuto
34. 7. Struttura Non vedo cosa capita a destra ma viene
esplicitato dallo sguardo verso sinistra
35. 7. Struttura Percorsi dell’occhio.
Foto: associo la donna al bambino in tv
36. Da 1 a 7 i fattori si sono sempre.
Vanno cercati tutti, anche se deboli,
non è detto che non abbiano
una propria forza specifica.
(«La forza della carezza
è la sua debolezza».)
42. 10. Significato Il risultato degli altri fattori.
Foto: matrimonio = corrida
43. Abbandonare i propri ‘amori’ davanti alle scelte.
Distaccarsi da quello che conosco.
Scegliere per il senso.
Se non convince, provare il contrario.