Presented in this short document is a description of modeling and solving partial differential equations (PDE’s) in both the temporal and spatial dimensions using IMPL. The sample PDE problem is taken from Cutlip and Shacham (1999 and 2014) and models the process of unsteady-state heat transfer or conduction in a one dimensional (1D) slab with one face insulated and constant thermal conductivity as discussed by Geankoplis (1993).
A brief report of the medical relief work done by Dr Daya and his team in Uttarkashi. Join us on fb to know more: https://www.facebook.com/DoctorsForSevaDFS
dust cleaner & mist cleaner & electric dust colletor
You can also check it in Sales Sharing Site "www.lunchntouch.com"
If you want a brochure in your language,
send E-mail below E-mail address unquestioningly!
(English, Chinese, Japanese, french, Portuguese, Spanish, etc)
Import & Export discussion Welcome, too!
Thank you for your touch!
E-mail address : yun@lunchntouch.com
"We can Make happy place for small business! Let's do it!!"
= Lunch N Touch =
Presented in this short document is a description of modeling and solving partial differential equations (PDE’s) in both the temporal and spatial dimensions using IMPL. The sample PDE problem is taken from Cutlip and Shacham (1999 and 2014) and models the process of unsteady-state heat transfer or conduction in a one dimensional (1D) slab with one face insulated and constant thermal conductivity as discussed by Geankoplis (1993).
A brief report of the medical relief work done by Dr Daya and his team in Uttarkashi. Join us on fb to know more: https://www.facebook.com/DoctorsForSevaDFS
dust cleaner & mist cleaner & electric dust colletor
You can also check it in Sales Sharing Site "www.lunchntouch.com"
If you want a brochure in your language,
send E-mail below E-mail address unquestioningly!
(English, Chinese, Japanese, french, Portuguese, Spanish, etc)
Import & Export discussion Welcome, too!
Thank you for your touch!
E-mail address : yun@lunchntouch.com
"We can Make happy place for small business! Let's do it!!"
= Lunch N Touch =
A presentation done at the TOC Korea Conference 2015, Seoul. The main topics concerning are the role of TOC in Quality Improvement Priority(품질개선의 우선순위 결정), Quality Management by Improving Flow(흐름개선에 의한 품질개선), and Improving Qualitative Factors(정성적 품질요인의 개선).
일반적인 액체나 기체와는 다른 고유의 특성을 초임계 유체라 합니다. 이 초임계 유체를 이용한 기술이 초임계기술입니다. 기체와 액체의 중간 정도의 물성을 가지고 있으며, 상변화 없이도 약간의 압력 온도 변화에 따라 물성을 급격히 변화시킬수 있습니다.
It has application of extraction and drying system by technology of supercritical point with carbon dioxide.
1. Advanced Compressor Water
Wash Technologies
진보된 압축기 수세정 기술
Presented By:
Robert Burke
Applications Engineering Manager
Monday, May 18th
2009
1
2. 2
General Gas Turbine Energy Balance
( 전형적인 가스터빈 에너지 균형 )
출력 의 60% 가 압축기 운전
Compressor Efficiency- An Operational Imperative
압축기 효율 – 운전상의 불가피성
3. Typical Compressor Contaminants
대표적인 압축기 오염물질
3
• Stage 2 압축기
– 연질의 침전물 과 공기에 의한 오염
• 카본 침착
• 먼지 , 실리카
• 기타 주위 공기 오염물
• 베어링에서 누출 되는 기름
• Stage 17 압축기
– 단단한 침전물
– 날게 표면에 붙어 굳어짐
– 입구 cooling water 로 부터의 광물질
• 성능 / 운전에 주는 영향
– 날개표면을 거칠게 함
– 공기흐름을 방해
– 압축기 효율 손실
– 압축기에서 나오는 압력 손실
– 압축기 방출온도 상승
– 터빈의 출력 저하
– SPFC 증가 , 열비 (Heat Rate) 저하
4. Typical Installed Base System Performance Practices
전형적인 기존 시스템의 성능사례
4
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
15.2. 2.3. 17.3. 1.4. 16.4. 1.5. 16.5. 31.5. 15.6. 30.6. 15.7.
GasTurbinecorrectedoutput(MW)
ONLINE 세척 안했을때
GT 출력 하락표
Off-line wash
전형적인 GT 기능저하
•45 일 주기 OFF-LINE 세척
•1 일 가동정지 /OFF-LINE
•년간 8 일
•수익 감소
•일일 출력 손실
•정비 비용
•부대 경비
OEM 세척기의 단점
•가동정지 후 세척
•저압 세척
•많은 세척 수 사용 , 1000 겔론
•시간이 오래 걸림
연마제 세척 :
•MAJOR OVERHAUL 필
요함
•WALLNUT SHELL –
COOLING HOLE 이 막힘
5. Improved Design/ Application Process
개선된 설계 / 프로세스적용
5
• 최적의 세척 성능을 내기 위한 방안 :
최적화된 비말 ( 작은 물방울 ) 은 최적의 운동량을 만듬
• 노즐과 압력 선택
– 60 TO 80 BAR, 80-250 microns D43 물방울 생성
– 부착물 용해를 위한 세정 수의 온도 60 deg. C
• 중심부를 커버하기 위한 노즐 위치선정
– CFD MODEL 예측
• 0.33 의 공기 , 세정수 비율을 얻기 위한 세정시간과 물량
– 세정시간 3-5 분 , 세정물량 분당 5-250 리터
– Plant Control 과 PLC 를 연결을 통하여 자동화된 운전
• 물방울 분사를 위한 기하학 및 압력
• 속도 부분과 조화를 맞춘 물방울 분사
• 공기의 흐르는 방향으로 압축기 내부로 들어가도록 틈과 위치 선
정
• 정밀하고 독특한 기계적 결합구조의 제품
7. Wind Tunnel Testing
풍동 시험
7
• 목적
– Base Load 동작 모의 시험
– 물방울 특성
• 물방울 크기 분배
• 물방울 속도
– CFD 모델과 비교
• SPECIFICATION
– Base Load 조건
– 15KW 송풍기 5KG/S 풍동생성
– 속도 마하 0.5
– LASER 에 의한 물방울크기 측정
– 여러 위치와 속도에서 물방울 측정
• 결과
– CFD 모델이 전형적 모델임을 확인
– 물방울 분배 확인
• 물방울 사이즈
• 물방울 속도
• 물방울 깨짐
목 적 :
•날개의 습분 상태 이해
•고정날개 물을 흘림
•부식가능성 이해
Specifications:
•FLOW RATE 의 변화
•속도의 변화
•Laser SPECTROMETER 로 물방울 싸이즈 측정
•여러 위치와 속도로 물방울 측정
결 과 :
•많은 물방울이 작은 리벳 머리 모양의 흔적을 남김
•밑으로 흐르는 물방울은 부식을 일으키지 않음
8. CFD Tool & Nozzle Placement Definition
8
Water Mass at 60% Compressor Inlet
GT 입구 기하학적 체계를 GTE 에서 개
발한 CFD CODE 에 넣고 , 공기흐름을
K-EPSILON MODEL 로 SIMULATE 함
다음단계로 많은 량의 물분자를 – 같은 크
기 , 량 , 속도 , 각도를 가진 --MATLAB
을 사용하여 물방을을 공기흐름속으로 분
사하여 물방울 의 궤도를 살핌 .
9. Erosion Study- Typical Drop Strike Pressure Side-
Tangential Velocity 물방울이 날게에 부딭치는 속도와 분포
9
10. Erosion Model
10
•많은 종류의 시험기계와 물질을 가지고 시험함 .
•상관관계가 아직 새로운 환경하에서 오랜 기간 예측함에 미약함 .
-VOL: METAL 부식량
-Flux: 물이 표면에 닿는 량 (M3/M2/SEC)
-NER: METAL 의 일반 부식 저항력 (=4 FOR 400 SSL)
-V: 보통 충격 속도 (M/SEC)
-D: 물방울 지름 (mm)
-T: 총 세척 시간 (SEC)
•충격속도에 대단히 민감함
120000 시간 운전시 5mm 정도 마모
td
V
NER
Flux
Vol 67.
8.4
25002
=
Example Calculation:
• V=350 m/sec, D=180 MICRONS, NER: 4 (410 S 니 )
• T=3min/day * 365/YR * 30YR*60s/min=3.942*106 sec
• WATER FLUX: .549 * 10-3m/sec
• FOR THE BEST STELLITE, NER=50, VOLUME ERODE=1.6mm
5 mm of wear in
120000 operating
hours
11. Reverse Flow Bellmouth Installation ( 제작사 )
11
Start Animation
• Cone Mounted Design
– Wash ports usually built in
– Good performance for offline wash
– Poor performance for online wash
– Water builds on hub
– (STRUT 에 물방울이 부딪쳐 HUB 에 물이 생김 )
12. GTE Bellmouth Installation
12
Start Animation
• Bellmouth Mounted Line of Site Design
– GTE preferred design
– Nozzle aimed with air stream
Acceptable online performance
• Approximately 30-50% R0
• 만족할 수있는 ONLINE 성능시 R0 에 30-50% 의 물이 뿌려
짐
– Good offline performance
• Approximately 20-25% R0
• 최적의 OFF LINE 성능시에는 R0 에 20-25% 뿌려짐
13. Design Evaluation Coverage- 7EA
13
Simplicity & Functonality:
• 7 Nozzles; each located midspan between
each strut ( 각 지주 중앙에 위치한다 )
• Nozzle 은 Bellmouth 를 통해 삽입한다 .
• Optimized Nozzle Placement ( 최적의 노즐배치 )
• Single Position for both wash cycles
- Offline WW
- Online WW
• Obsolete OEM Nozzles & Positions( 기존노즐없앰 )
14. 20-60%
span
Design Objectives: Droplet Size
14
• Offline WW
– 70% by volume @ 20%
span
• Online WW
– 55% by volume @ 60%
span
• Air Flow
– 289 kg/sec
• Wash Fluid
– 95-110 l/min
• 물방울 크기 , 분사 압력 , 노즐등 모두 ONLINE
시나 OFF LINE 시 같이 쓰임 .
• 단지 다른것은 엔징 속도임 - OFF LINE 시에는
800 RPM, ON LINE 시에는 3600RPM
• 그러므로 AIR 속도가 달라짐 -- 그래서 물방울
이 그림에서 보는것 같이 OFF LINE 에는 밑으
로 20% 흐르고 , ONLINE 시에는 물이 날려서
60% 선에 흐름 .
• OFF LINE 시 20% 선에서 70% 물이 흐르고 ,
ON LINE 시에는 60% 선에서 55% 의 물이 흐
름 . GE 7EA 의 경우임 .
Offline WW Online WW
15. Typical Standard Nozzle Systems vs. GTE System
15
• Standard System Nozzles • GTE System Nozzles
18. GTE 400i-42 2xMS6001B CC
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
15.2. 2.3. 17.3. 1.4. 16.4. 1.5. 16.5. 31.5. 15.6. 30.6. 15.7. 30.7. 14.8. 29.8. 13.9. 28.9. 13.10
.
28.10
.
12.11
.
GasTurbinecorrectedoutput(MW)
Installation of new GTE-
400 system
GT output deterioration
without online washing
system
Offline washes
Outage + Offline wash Offline wash
• Results
– +2.1% versus
initial offline
with detergent
– 45 to 180 day
offline cycle
+3%
availability
– 52,000 hrs of
service TD
– Online water
only wash
19. GTE 600i-110 6xMS9001E SC
19
• Wash Benefits
– ~8-12% Power Recovery
– ~4-6% Heat Rate
• TNB Fleet Standard
– 2 more systems on 4 units
20. GTE 1000i-110 3xMS7001E CC
20
• Single System Serving 3 Engines
• DCS Controlled / Scheduled
• Online Water Only Wash
• Improved Offline Cycle
From 30 to 75 days
+2% Availability
• Additional Benefits:
>3% Power
>1.0 % Heat Rate
21. Benefits Calculator- Power Gen
21
Conditions
Performance Recovery 3 % Recovery
Availability gain 48 Hr/Yr
Heat Rate 10480 Btu/kw-hr
Heat Rate Recovery 0.34 % Recovery
Power price $50 $/MW-hr
Avg Gas Price $6.00 Therm
MW Rating 84 MW
Benefits Calculator $K/Yr MWHr/Yr
Performance ($K/Yr) 1,098 21954
Availability ($K/Yr) 202 4032
Fuel Savings ($K/Yr) 137
Total $1,436 25986
Click on Blue Fields, and enter specific values, to use benefits calculator
22. Water Wash Delivery- GTE1000i-95
22
Specifications:
• Stainless Steel Tank
• Carbon Steel Skid - Painted
• PLC Control
• Fully Automated Online CWW
• Positive Displacement Delivery Pump
• Adjustable Discharge Pressure
• Automated Heater Control & Protection
• Automated Level Control & Protection
• Discharge Fluid Filtration
•Automated Detergent Injection
•Adjustable Detergent Flow Control
•User Interface Panel (HMI), touch-screen
Options:
• Stainless Steel Skid
• Electric Detergent Drum Pump
• Total Dissolved Solids feedback & control
• Remote Operation (Optional)
• Data Logging (Optional)
23. Developing Integrated and Service Solutions
23
Range
(Mw)
0
to
10
10
to
14
14
to
35
20
to
40
35
to
55
55
to
120
80
to
160
160
to
250
WW
Product
30i 80i 160i 200i 400i 600i 1000i 1400i
Specifications:
• Stainless Steel Tank
• Stainless or Carbon Steel Skid
• PLC Control
• Fully Automated ON-Line CWW
• Positive Displacement Delivery Pump
• Adjustable Discharge Pressure
• Automated Heater Control & Protection
• Automated Level Control & Protection
• Discharge Fluid Filtration
Options
• Adjustable Detergent Flow Control
• User Interface Panel (HMI), touch-screen
• Electric Detergent Drum Pump
• Total Dissolved Solids feedback & control
• Automated Detergent Injection (Optional)
• Remote Operation (Optional)
• Data Logging (Optional)
Water Wash
24. GTE Fleet: > 800 Units; 20M Operating Hours
24
OEM Population
6% 2%
72%
20%
RR
Solar
Siemens
GE
Wash Skids
22%
76%
2%
Oil and Gas
Power Gen
Marine
25. Why GTE? Technology & Value Solutions
25
Boeing 747
Fuel Savings $ 164 K
Wash Cost: ~ $ 36 K
Payback: ~ 3 Months
Additional Benefits
CO2 Reduced: 800 Tonnes
EGT Recovery:: ~ 9 o
C
Time-on-Wing: + 4000 Hr
Foundation from Aviation/Jet Engines
In excess of 15000 Engine Washes
• Major Air Carriers
• Foreign and Domestic Military
Industrial Gas Turbine Water Wash
• 800+ Unit Installed Base
• 20 MM+ Operating Hours
Benefits
Power Recovery 2-3 %
Heat Rate Improvement 0.3 - 1 %
Availability Improvement 2 – 3 %
Payback ~ 3 - 6
Months
26. Why GTE? Technology and Value Solutions
26
- The GTE technology team is unique in experience, capability
and breadth
– The top 10 technology leaders have over 250 years experience
in the energy industry and bring a wealth of systems physics
knowledge, familiarity with advanced modeling tools, tough
problem solving, practical, and hands-on field experience
– GTE’s capabilities complement OEMs and are recognized as
‘expert’ in key product lines
– GTE’s aero-modeling, controls and fluid systems integrated
with manufacturing, supply chain, and life cycle cost elements --
positions us to develop advanced, cost effective solutions more
rapidly
– ‘Scientists’ with proven track records and practical tech
application offers rapid design at low cost
27. Proven Track Record with Blue Chip Clients
27
Track Record
• > 800 Turbines
• > 20MM Operating Hours
Long Term OEM Agreements
• Siemens
• Caterpillar / Solar
• Rolls-Royce
• Large Global OEMs
Validated Results:
28. Patented Water Wash Technology
28
Patent 5,868,860 Key Claims
– Supply Pressure 50 to 80 bars
– Mean Droplet range 120 to 250 microns
Key Design Features
– Nozzle Selection to:
• Produce Mean Droplet 120 to 250 microns
• Avoid Droplets > 500 microns
– Nozzle Placement Optimizes Wash Coverage
• One position for both Online and Offline
Wash
– Wash Process Minimizes Water Volume
• No Detergent, No Rinse for Online
– Wash Process Minimizes Detergent Need for
Offline
• Reduction of Detergent Need by 80% for
Offline
29. Patented Methods & Wash Nozzle Placement
29
Patent 7,428,906 Key Claims
• System for Wash during Operation
• Method with mean drops less then 150
microns
• Slip ratio of minimum 0.8 at compressor inlet
• One or more Nozzles in acceleration duct
Key Design Features
• Nozzle Selection & Discharge Pressure to:
• Produce Mean Droplet less than 150
microns
• Provide velocity at Nozzle Tip 40%
of final at Compressor Inlet
• Nozzle Placement Optimizes Wash
Coverage
• Injection relatively parrallel to air
stream
• Online Wash Process Claims
• No Online Wetting of Stationary
Components
• Spray velocity 100-200 m/s
30. 30
Our Clients have the BEST Aviation & Industrial Turbines in the world.
We make them PERFORM BETTER.
Cleaner.
More Output.
More Reliable.
More Available.
More EFFICIENT.