The document discusses the movement towards stricter control in C++ programming, highlighting the issues caused by redefining keywords like #define. With the introduction of Visual Studio 11, a feature is added to detect redefined keywords, aiding in code clarity. The author advises against using such cheats, as they lead to greater long-term complications when changing platforms or compilers.

1. Farewell to #define private public
Author: Andrey Karpov
Date: 24.04.2012
The C++ language, compilers and libraries are heading yet farther towards a stricter control over what
programmers write. It is good. All of you probably heard jokes about #define true ((rand() % 100) < 95 ?
true : false). But joking apart, the possibility to redefine keywords makes a program very difficult to
understand or leads to strange errors.
In the new Visual Studio 11 a check is created to detect redefined keywords. The following text in the
xkeycheck.h file is responsible for doing this:
#else /* __cplusplus is defined */
#if defined(alignas) /* check C++ keywords */
|| defined(alignof)
|| defined(asm)
|| defined(auto)
|| defined(bool)
|| defined(break)
|| defined(case)
|| defined(catch)
|| defined(char)
|| defined(char16_t)
|| defined(char32_t)
|| defined(class)
|| defined(const)
|| defined(const_cast)
|| defined(constexpr)
|| defined(continue)
|| defined(decltype)
|| defined(default)
|| defined(delete)
|| defined(do)
|| defined(double)
|| defined(dynamic_cast)
|| defined(else)
|| defined(enum)
|| defined(explicit)
|| defined(export)
|| defined(extern)
|| defined(false)
|| defined(float)
|| defined(for)
|| defined(friend)
|| defined(goto)
|| defined(if)
|| defined(inline)
|| defined(int)

2. || defined(long)
|| defined(mutable)
|| defined(namespace)
|| defined(new) && defined(_ENFORCE_BAN_OF_MACRO_NEW)
|| defined(noexcept)
|| defined(nullptr)
|| defined(operator)
|| defined(private)
|| defined(protected)
|| defined(public)
|| defined(register)
|| defined(reinterpret_cast)
|| defined(return)
|| defined(short)
|| defined(signed)
|| defined(sizeof)
|| defined(static)
|| defined(static_assert)
|| defined(static_cast)
|| defined(struct)
|| defined(switch)
|| defined(template)
|| defined(this)
|| defined(thread_local)
|| defined(throw)
|| defined(true)
|| defined(try)
|| defined(typedef)
|| defined(typeid)
|| defined(typename)
|| defined(union)
|| defined(unsigned)
|| defined(using)
|| defined(virtual)
|| defined(void)
|| defined(volatile)
|| defined(wchar_t)
|| defined(while)
#error keyword defined before including C++ standard header
#endif /* defined... */
#endif /* defined(__cplusplus) */
#endif /* RC_INVOKED */
#endif /* _XKEYCHECK_H */
If you are planning to use Visual C++ 11 soon, you can try to fix the code where you use redefining of
keywords beforehand. It is most often used in various tests. For example, to get access to closed class
members in tests, the following method is used:

3. #define private public
#define protected public
Now this code will not be able to compile. For example, we faced this error when trying to build the
source codes of the Doom 3 game with Visual C++ 11 (the TypeInfo.cpp file).
We wish you using as few cheating methods as possible. They help you save time in the near-term
outlook, but they will sooner or later reveal themselves when changing a platform/compiler, and you
will have to rewrite them.