This document discusses the history and techniques of rhetoric and public speaking. It explains that rhetoric originated with speeches in Ancient Greece and Rome and was used by politicians to persuade audiences. The document then provides examples of rhetorical devices and techniques that orators can use to effectively communicate their message, including logos, pathos, ethos, repetition, metaphor, and hyperbole.

1. Language & Literature SL
Part 2: Language in Mass Communication
01: SPEECHES

2. history lesson
• Speech-making was the first form of mass
media.
• The art, or technique of speech-making is
known as rhetoric.
• Speech-making first rose to prominence
and was codified in Ancient Greece &
Rome.

3. MORE Greeks sent their sons to
HISTORY
• Ancient Romans &
tutors to school them in the art of rhetoric.
• These sons would serve in the Senate, making
speeches that would secure their wealth and
power.
• Many of these speeches, like those of the great
Cicero, were written down for posterity.
• Up until the 20th century, they were regularly
quoted by politicians.

4. SO, WHAT IS
RHETORIC?
OF TOOLS TO HELP YOU COMMUN
EFFECTIVELY & MEMORABLY.

5. LET’S START AT
THE BEGINNING.
• Great orators & masters of rhetoric begin
by asking what they want to achieve, not
what they want to say.
• They then ensure they have a little each of
logos, pathos and ethos.

6. LOG
OS
A clear, internally
consistent idea or
purpose.
PUBLIC
SPEAKING:
THE ARISTOTLE
WAY
PATHOS ETHOS
Evidence to
An appeal to
the reader’s establish the
emotions & experience. speaker as an
authoritative
source.

7. A GREAT SPEECH
HAS A BEAT.
CADENCE REPETITION Alliteration
is the rhythmic repetition
& Assonance
of words is a sounds somewhat
or emulation of phrases.
basic technique to sexy to attentive
It lulls the listener into a
establish key ideas. audiences, of course.
state of concentration.

8. A GREAT SPEECH
TAKES THE
LISTENER ON A
METAPHOR JOURNEY. SENTENTIA
‘samples’ another work
compares two objects or
ALLUSION
concepts by speaking of one as
to gain some of its power.
the other. refers to another work
in order to create familiarity
and imbue the speech with
its attributes.
HYPERBOLE ANTITHESIS
excites the listener through sets up a clear
PERSONIFICATION
exaggeraton. distinction between
two opposing concepts,
imbues inanimate
objects or ideas.
objects or concepts
with human attributes.
It literally humanizes them.

9. TIME CAN SET
THE WORLD
AFLAME
and put it back
together.
and put it back
together.

10. ONE NATION:
E ME LIBERTY OR GIVE ME DEA
- P Henry, 1775
“we hereby resolve that this nation, under
God, shall have a new birth of freedom and
that government of the people,
by the people, for the people, shall not
- A Lincoln, 1863
perish from the earth”.

11. YOUR TURN!
Take a copy of Patrick Henry’s speech
or the Gettysburg Address and identify
the Logos, Pathos and Ethos.
Then see what literary devices you can find in the speech.