The document provides a history of the Internet from 1969 to 1998. It describes key events and milestones in the development of the Internet including the creation of ARPANET, the invention of email and the domain name system, the introduction of TCP/IP, the commercialization of the Internet in the 1990s, and the rise of web browsers and search engines. The number of Internet hosts grew rapidly from just 4 in 1969 to over 25 million by 1998.

1. History of the Internet
WeeSan Lee weesan@cs.ucr.edu

2. # of hosts
100
120
140
160
180
200
20
40
60
80
0
Dec-69
Dec-70
Dec-71
Dec-72
Dec-73
Dec-74
Internet Hosts
Dec-75
Dec-76
Dec-77
Dec-78
Dec-79

3. Internet Hosts
200
1969
ARPANET was born. 4
180
nodes were inter-connected:
160
UCLA,SRI,UCSB, U. of Utah
140 Charley Kline from UCLA
120 sent 1st packet.
# of hosts
100 First RFC by Steve Crocker.
80
60
40
20
0
Dec-70
Dec-72
Dec-74
Dec-79
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-76
Dec-77
Dec-78

4. Internet Hosts
200
1970
RFC maintained by Jon
180
Postel (the RFC-editor).
160
ARPANET used NCP
140 (Network Control Protocol),
120 first end-to-end protocol
# of hosts
100
80
60
40
20
0
Dec-70
Dec-72
Dec-74
Dec-79
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-76
Dec-77
Dec-78

5. Internet Hosts
200
1971
15 nodes were connected.
180
Ray Tomlinson of BBN
160
invented email program.
140
120
# of hosts
100
80
60
40
20
0
Dec-70
Dec-72
Dec-74
Dec-79
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-76
Dec-77
Dec-78

6. Internet Hosts
200
1972
@ was chosen by Ray
180
Tomlinson to separate the
160
userid and hostname.
140
120 First computer-to-computer
# of hosts
100 chat program at UCLA.
80
60
40
20
0
Dec-70
Dec-72
Dec-74
Dec-79
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-76
Dec-77
Dec-78

7. Internet Hosts
200
1973
Ethernet was invented by
180
Bob Metcalfe's (Harvard PhD
160
Thesis)
140
120
# of hosts
100
80
60
40
20
0
Dec-70
Dec-72
Dec-74
Dec-79
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-76
Dec-77
Dec-78

8. Internet Hosts
200
1974
TCP (Transmission Control
180
Protocol) was invented by
160
Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn.
140
120
# of hosts
100
80
60
40
20
0
Dec-70
Dec-72
Dec-74
Dec-79
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-76
Dec-77
Dec-78

9. Internet Hosts
200
1975
First mailing list was created
180
by Steve Walker.
160
140
120
# of hosts
100
80
60
40
20
0
Dec-70
Dec-72
Dec-74
Dec-79
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-76
Dec-77
Dec-78

10. Internet Hosts
200
1976
Queen Elizabeth II sent out
180
an email.
160
140
120
# of hosts
100
80
60
40
20
0
Dec-70
Dec-72
Dec-74
Dec-79
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-76
Dec-77
Dec-78

11. # of hosts
100
120
140
160
180
200
20
40
60
80
0
Dec-69
Dec-70
1978
Dec-71
Dec-72
Dec-73
Dec-74
Internet Hosts
TCP splited into TCP and IP.
Dec-75
Dec-76
Dec-77
Dec-78
Dec-79

12. Internet Hosts
200
1979
3Com was co-founded by
180
Bob Metcalfe.
160
140
120
# of hosts
100
80
60
40
20
0
Dec-70
Dec-72
Dec-74
Dec-79
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-76
Dec-77
Dec-78

13. Internet Hosts
180000 1981
160000 BITNET (Because It’s Time
NETwork) was started.
140000
120000
# of hosts
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Dec-73
Dec-87
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Dec-83
Dec-85

14. Internet Hosts
180000 1982
160000 DoD used TCP/IP to inter-
connect networks. Thus, the
140000
Internet!!!
120000
# of hosts
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Dec-73
Dec-87
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Dec-83
Dec-85

15. Internet Hosts
180000 1983
160000 NCP → TCP/IP.
ARPANET was split into
140000
ARPANET and MILNET.
120000 BSD included TCP/IP.
# of hosts
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Dec-73
Dec-87
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Dec-83
Dec-85

16. Internet Hosts
180000 1984
160000 DNS (Domain Name
System) was introduced.
140000
120000 > 1000 hosts.
# of hosts
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Dec-73
Dec-87
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Dec-83
Dec-85

17. Internet Hosts
180000 1986
160000 NSFNET was created,
connecting 5 super-
140000
computers.
120000 IETF was formed.
# of hosts
100000 NNTP was created.
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Dec-73
Dec-87
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Dec-83
Dec-85

18. Internet Hosts
180000 1987
160000 > 10,000 hosts.
140000
120000
# of hosts
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Dec-73
Dec-87
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Dec-83
Dec-85

19. Internet Hosts
180000 1988
160000 First Internet Worm released
by Morris.
140000
CERT (Computer
120000 Emergency Response Team)
# of hosts
100000 was formed as a result.
80000 IRC was created.
60000
40000
20000
0
Dec-73
Dec-87
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Dec-83
Dec-85

20. Internet Hosts
180000 1989
160000 > 100,000 hosts
140000
120000
# of hosts
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Dec-73
Dec-87
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Dec-83
Dec-85

21. Internet Hosts
25000000 1990
ARPANET ceased.
20000000 AOL, CompuServe provided
dial-up service.
15000000
# of hosts
10000000
5000000
0
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Dec-83
Dec-85
Dec-87
Dec-89
Dec-91
Dec-93
Dec-95

22. Internet Hosts
25000000 1991
WWW was created by
20000000 Tim Berners-Lee from
CERN.
Linux was released by Linus
15000000
# of hosts
Torvalds.
10000000
5000000
0
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Dec-83
Dec-85
Dec-87
Dec-89
Dec-91
Dec-93
Dec-95

23. Internet Hosts
25000000 1992
> 1,000,000 hosts.
20000000 MBONE was created.
15000000
# of hosts
10000000
5000000
0
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Dec-83
Dec-85
Dec-87
Dec-89
Dec-91
Dec-93
Dec-95

24. Internet Hosts
25000000 1993
Network Solution, Inc was
20000000 chosen to provide domain
name registration.
www.whitehouse.gov online.
15000000
# of hosts
Mosaic was created.
10000000
5000000
0
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Dec-83
Dec-85
Dec-87
Dec-89
Dec-91
Dec-93
Dec-95

25. Internet Hosts
25000000 1994
NSFNET was transformed to
20000000 commercial network.
Shopping mall.
Can order pizza online.
15000000
# of hosts
10000000
5000000
0
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Dec-83
Dec-85
Dec-87
Dec-89
Dec-91
Dec-93
Dec-95

26. Internet Hosts
25000000 1995
NSFNET was reverted back
20000000 to research-only network.
Realaudio started.
15000000
Netscape IPO.
# of hosts
Win95 released.
Bob Metcalfe predicted the
10000000 Internet would collapse.
5000000
0
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Dec-83
Dec-85
Dec-87
Dec-89
Dec-91
Dec-93
Dec-95

27. Internet Hosts
25000000 1996
Browser war (Netscape vs.
20000000 IE) began.
tv.com sold to CNET for
$15,000.
15000000
# of hosts
10000000
5000000
0
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Dec-83
Dec-85
Dec-87
Dec-89
Dec-91
Dec-93
Dec-95

28. Internet Hosts
25000000 1997
www.whitehouse.com online.
20000000 business.com sold for
$150,000
15000000
# of hosts
10000000
5000000
0
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Dec-83
Dec-85
Dec-87
Dec-89
Dec-91
Dec-93
Dec-95

29. Internet Hosts
25000000 1998
2M domain names
20000000 registered.
Compaq bought
altavista.com for $3.3M.
15000000
# of hosts
Google founded.
Jon Postel (RFC-editor) died.
10000000
5000000
0
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Dec-83
Dec-85
Dec-87
Dec-89
Dec-91
Dec-93
Dec-95

30. Internet Hosts
25000000 1999
First online banking.
20000000 business.com sold for $7.5B
Napster released.
Al Gore invented the
15000000
# of hosts
Internet???
10000000
5000000
0
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Dec-83
Dec-85
Dec-87
Dec-89
Dec-91
Dec-93
Dec-95

31. Internet Hosts
25000000 2000
Millennium bug.
20000000 Dotcom → dotgone.
Clinton made first webcast.
15000000
# of hosts
10000000
5000000
0
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Dec-83
Dec-85
Dec-87
Dec-89
Dec-91
Dec-93
Dec-95

32. # of hosts
5000000
10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000
0
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
2001
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Wikipedia launched.
Internet Hosts
Dec-83
Dec-85
Dec-87
Dec-89
Dec-91
Dec-93
Dec-95

33. # of hosts
5000000
10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000
0
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
2002
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Myspace launched.
Internet Hosts
Dec-83
Dec-85
Dec-87
Dec-89
Dec-91
Dec-93
Dec-95

34. # of hosts
5000000
10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000
0
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
2003
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Facebook launched.
Internet Hosts
Dec-83
Dec-85
Dec-87
Dec-89
Dec-91
Dec-93
Dec-95

35. # of hosts
5000000
10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000
0
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
2005
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Internet Hosts
Dec-83
Vint Cerf joined Google.
Dec-85
Dec-87
Dec-89
Dec-91
Dec-93
Dec-95

36. Internet Hosts
25000000 2006
> 439M hosts.
20000000 10 new computers joined the
Internet every second.
15000000
# of hosts
10000000
5000000
0
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Dec-83
Dec-85
Dec-87
Dec-89
Dec-91
Dec-93
Dec-95

37. Internet Map
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Internet_map_1024.jpg

38. Reference
 The History of the Internet
 http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/cerf.shtml
 http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/history.html
 Timeline
 http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/
 http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/2002_0918_Internet_Hi
story_and_Growth.ppt
 Al Gore invented the Internet?
 http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~fessler/misc/funny/gore,net.txt
 http://sethf.com/gore/
 Who is managing the Internet?
 http://www.acm.org/ubiquity/views/v6i5_simoneli.html