1. 11. The table structure shown in Table P5.11 contains many unsatisfactory
components and characteristics. (For example, there are several
multivalued attributes, naming conventions are violated, and some
attributes are not atomic.)
Table P5.11 Sample EMPLOYEE Records
Attribute Name Sample Value Sample Value Sample Value Sample Value
EMP_NUM 1003 1018 1019 1023
EMP_LNAME Willaker Smith McGuire McGuire
EMP_EDUCATION BBA, MBA BBA BS, MS, Ph.D.
JOB_CLASS SLS SLS JNT DBA
EMP_DEPENDENTS Gerald (spouse), JoAnne (spouse) George (spouse)
Mary (daughter), Jill (daughter)
John (son)
DEPT_CODE MKTG MKTG SVC INFS
DEPT_NAME Marketing Marketing General Service Info. Systems
DEPT_MANAGER Jill H. Martin Jill H. Martin Hank B. Jones Carlos G. Ortez
EMP_TITLE Sales Agent Sales Agent Janitor DB Admin
EMP_DOB 23-Dec-1968 28-Mar-1979 18-May-1982 20-Jul-1959
EMP_HIRE_DATE 14-Oct-1997 15-Jan-2006 21-Apr-2003 15-Jul-1999
EMP_TRAINING L1, L2 L1 L1, L3, L8, L15
EMP_BASE_SALARY $38,255.00 $30,500.00 $19.750.00 $127,900.00
EMP_COMMISSION_RATE 0.015 0.010
Given that structure, write the relational schema and draw its dependency
diagram. Label all transitive and/or partial dependencies.
The dependency diagram is shown in Figure P5.11. Note that the order of the
attributes has been changed to make the transitive dependencies easier to mark. (In
any case, the order in which the attributes are written into a relational database table
is immaterial.) The relational schema is written below Figure P5.11.

2. Figure P5.11 The Dependency Diagram for Problem 11
EMP_CODE EMP_LNAME EMP_EDUCATION DEPT_CODE DEPT_NAME DEPT_MANAGER
Transitive Dependencies
Continued….
EMP_DEPENDENTS EMP_DOB EMP_HIRE_DATE EMP_TRAINING
Continued….
JOB_TITLE JOB_CLASS EMP_BASE_SALARY EMP_COMMISSION_RATE
Transitive Dependencies
The relational schema is written as:
EMPLOYEE(EMP_CODE, EMP_LNAME, EMP_EDUCATION, JOB_CLASS,
EMP_DEPENDENTS,DEPT_CODE, DEPT_NAME,
DEPT_MANAGER,
EMP_TITLE, EMP_DOB, EMP_HIRE_DATE, EMP_TRAINING,
EMP_BASE_SALARY, EMP_COMMISSION_RATE)
12. Break up the dependency diagram you drew in Problem 11 to produce
dependency diagrams that are in 3NF. (Hint: You might have to create a few
new attributes. Also make sure that the new dependency diagrams contain
attributes that meet proper design criteria; that is, make sure there are no
multivalued attributes, that the naming conventions are met, and so on.)
Dependency diagrams have no way to indicate multi-valued attributes, nor do they
provide the means through which such attributes can be handled. Therefore, the
solution to this problem requires a basic knowledge of modeling concepts, once again
indicating that normalization and design are part of the same process. Given the
sample data shown in Problem 11, EDUCATION, DEPENDENT and
QUALIFICATION are multi-valued attributes whose values are stored as strings. We
have created the appropriate entities to avoid the use of multi-valued attributes. (See
Figure P5.12.)

3. Figure P5.12 The Dependency Diagrams for Problem 12
EMPLOYEE
EMP_CODE EMP_LNAME DEPT_CODE JOB_CLASS EMP_DOB EMP_HIRE_DATE
DEPARTMENT
DEPT_CODE DEPT_NAME EMP_CODE
QUALIFICATION EDUCATION
EMP_CODE EDUC_CODE QUAL_DATE EDUC_CODE EDUC_DESCRIPTION
DEPENDENT
EMP_CODE DEP_NUM DEP_FNAME DEP_TYPE
JOB
JOB_CLASS JOB_TITLE JOB_BASE_SALARY
As you discuss Figure P5.12, note that a real world design would have to include
additional entities or additional attributes in the existing entities. For example, while
the job description is likely to include a (job) base salary, employee experience –
perhaps measured by time in the job classification and performance – is likely to add
to the job’s base salary. Therefore, the EMPLOYEE table might include a salary or
hourly wage adjustment attribute. Overall employment longevity is likely to be
included, too … employers often find it useful to keep (expensive) job turnover rates
low. And, of course, you might include year-to-date (YTD) earnings and taxes in each
employee’s records, too. This problem is a great source of discussion material!
The relational schemas are written as:
EMPLOYEE(EMP_CODE, EMP_LNAME, DEPT_CODE, JOB_CLASS,
EMP_DOB,
EMP_HIREDATE)
DEPENDENT(EMP_CODE, DEP_NUM, DEP_FNAME, DEP_TYPE)
DEPARTMENT(DEPT_CODE, DEPT_NAME, EMP_CODE)

4. JOB(JOB_CLASS, JOB_TITLE, JOB_BASE_SALARY)
EDUCATION(EDUC_CODE, EDUC_DESCRIPTION)
QUALIFICATION(EMP_CODE, EDUC_CODE, QUAL_DATE_EARNED)
13. Using the results of problem 12, draw the relational diagram.
The relational diagram is shown in Figure P5.13.
Figure P5.13 The Relational Diagram for Problem 13
DEPARTMENT
DEPT_CODE
_CODE 1 EMPLOYEE
1 QUALIFICATION
DEPT_NAME 1
EMP_CODE EMP_CODE EDUCATION
EMP_CODE 1 M 1
1 EMP_LNAME EDUC_CODE EDUC_CODE
M
DEPENDENT DEPT_CODE QUAL_DATE_EARNED EDUC_DESCRIPTION
EMP_CODE M JOB_CLASS M
JOB
DEPT_NUM EMP_HIRE_DATE JOB_CLASS
1
DEPT_FNAME M DEPT_CODE JOB_TITLE
DEPT_TYPE JOB_BASE_SALARY

5. 14. Using the results of Problem 13, draw the Crow’s Foot ERD.
The Crow’s Foot solution is shown in Figure P5.14.
Figure P5.14 The Crow’s Foot ERD for Problem 14