8. Coalitions: 1998 vs 1999
State Party1 Party2 Seat Split 1998 Seat
Split
Coalition
Seats 1999
Coalition
Seats 1998
Andhra Pradesh BJP TDP 8-34 38-35 36 16
Bihar BJP JDU 29-23 32-35-21 41 31
Bihar Congress RJD 16-36 21-38 11 22
Karnataka BJP JDU 19-9 18-10 10 16
Maharashtra BJP Shivsena 26-22 25-22 28 10
Orissa BJP BJD 9-12 9-12 19 16
Punjab BJP SAD 3-9 4-8 3 11
Tamil Nadu BJP DMK/PM
K/MDMK
6-19-7-5 5-17-5-5 25 15
Tamil Nadu Congress AIADMK 11-14 35-22 12 18
West Bengal BJP Trinamool 13-28 14-29 10 8
Total (BJP+) 172 136
Total (Cong+) 23 24
9. What happened in 2004?
• BJP ditched DMK in Tamil Nadu and switched
to AIADMK
– Assuming the usual Tamil inversion would help
• Simultaneous assembly and parliamentary
elections in Andhra Pradesh
– TDP faced a two-term anti-incumbency
• Congress tied up with RJD and LJP in Bihar.
Addition of LJP helped coalition sweep
10. What happened in 2004? (2/2)
• Congress tied up with JMM in new Jharkhand
• Congress-NCP alliance for the first time in
Maharashtra
• Breakdown of BJP in Uttar Pradesh – exit of
Kalyan Singh, etc.
– Strengthening of BSP in Uttar Pradesh
• Breakdown of NDA in West Bengal
14. Why did NDA lose 2004?
• Congress, which was averse to alliances in
1999, formed some for 2004
• Consolidation of pro-Congress votes in 2004
hurt BJP badly
• The effect of “India Shining” was marginal