Introduction to hybrid vehicles

2.  What is a hybrid
vehicle ?
Power Source1
+
power source 2
=
HYBRID VEHICLE
It may be also more
than two power
sources
Power sources may be
gasoline, electricity,
muscle power, hydrogen
, biomass etc

3. TYPES
Series hybrid Parallel hybrid

4.  Reduce emissions
 Fuel economy
 Environmental
degradation
 Increased drive train
efficiency
AT the same time we can’t
use Vehicles like electric,
biogas etc, because
although it emits little
pollution it can’t go beyond
100 miles

6. HYDRAULIC
HYBRID
VEHICLES

7. Hydraulic hybrid vehicles, or HHVs, like all hybrid
vehicles, use two sources of power to drive the
wheels. In a hydraulic hybrid, pressurized fluid is
used, instead of electric power as in electric hybrids,
as the additional or alternative power source along
with a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE)
propulsion.

10. schematic diagram of
series hydraulic
hybrid vehicle
 Accelerating
 Braking
 Coasting

12. Advantages
over Hybrid
electric
vehicles

14.  Less energy
conversions
 Regenerative braking
 Optimal engine speed
 High torque
 Maximum power
 Advantages over
electrical
Counter parts
 More fuel economy

15. Hydraulichybridcart
After the retro-fit
hydraulic hybrid system
was implemented inot
the cart, fuel
consumption tests were
performed. Under city
driving conditions, the
cart operated at 21 MPG
( 52% improvement from
the base case cart!).

16. The vehicle
uses nitrogen gas
compressed by energy
harvested from braking
or deceleration to power
a hydraulic drive which
supplements power from
its conventional gasoline
engine.

17. The HyDrid is a hydraulic hybrid drive train for road vehicles. In this
new concept, the complete mechanical transmission of a car is
replaced by a full hydrostatic transmission, allowing energy
recuperation and an efficient operation. The concept requires
extremely efficient hydrostatic pumps, motors and transformers,
which have been developed recently. Simulation by the German
Institute for Fluid Power Drives and Controls (IFAS) at RWTH
Aachen University proved that an average fuel consumption of 3.1
liter per 100 km (or 77 MPG) is possible for a mid-sized (1450 kg)
passenger.

18. The Hydrid transmission strongly reduces the
fuel consumption and the related CO2-emission
of a vehicle, especially during the city part of the
NEDC. The Hydrid transmission does what any
efficient drive train should do: realise a high
efficiency of the total drive train, independent of
the vehicle speed. In the end, the fuel
consumption of a vehicle should reflect the
operation of the vehicle. Driving on the highway
then results in a higher specific fuel consumption,
simply because the drag increases at higher
velocities of the vehicle.

19. collects and processes the necessary data
from the other systems
makes a decision
communicates with the necessary
system(s) which are responsible for the
final execution

20. The radial basis function
networks employ, as the
name suggests, a function
with radial behavior around
one point (center), and use
a distance, usually
Euclidean, as the
construction method
(although other matrices
can also be employed).
RBF

21. The CMAC attempts to
duplicate the functional
properties of the brain instead
of its structure.
CMAC has a better
performance than the RBF
network, also, the memory
occupation of CMAC is less
than that of the RBF network.
cerebellar model
arithmetic
computer (CMAC)

22. Energy storage source is one of
the key factors constraining the
development of hybrid drive
technology. Single energy storage
source is difficult to satisfy the
hybrid vehicle’s requirements for
both energy density and power
density. The hydraulic/electric
synergy system (HESS) for heavy
hybrid vehicles to overcome the
existing drawbacks of single
energy storage source