Qualitative research

1. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
by
Siti Amaliya Binti Mohd Radyi,
PhD in Management
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan
Freelance writer and Researcher
Qualitative study since 2013

2. INTRODUCTIONAL CHAPTER @
CHAPTER 1
• Many PG confuse with background of study and problem statement
• So what should you put in background?
• Information, intro about the industry or company or focus group
• Explain your understanding – based on your review
• Interface of your literature review
• Problem statement or research problem?
• Related issues, problem, matters or what want to be solved.
• Does pages count important in this part?

3. RESEARCH QUESTION AND
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE?
Contoh RQ:
• How, what, why
• To what extend
• To examine
• To explore
• To develop
• To construct
• To analyse
• To….what?

4. • Contoh RQ

5. CONTENT IN LITERATURE REVIEW
• Its start whit your scope of study
• Example: my study on leadership style in
school cooperative
• Here you can separate into 2 chapter:
leadership and cooperative
• Definition, history, issues, philosophy,
theory, statistics, growth, act and many
more related to.
• In this part its more on the information and
review from other scholars “what other
scholars said”
• Conceptual framework?
• Why conceptual not theoretical
frameworks?

6. METHODOLOGY OUTLINE
• Introduction
• Research paradigm
• Research design
• A qualitative study
• Case study
• Types
• Case study design
• Pemilihan location
• Population and sampling
• Research population
• Research sampling
• Sampling procedure – informant profile, company
information
• Data collection procedure – instrument, protocol, interview
process
• Data analysis procedure
• Reliability and trustworthiness
• Ethical consideration
• Chapter summary
Contoh other outline:

7. DESIGN INTERVIEW PROTOCOL
• Type of interview
• Why interview/observation:
• Yield information BUT has to be
conducted in good, rigorous and
systematic procedural manner.
• Provide detail information that
might not be
retrieved/demonstrated
• Triangulation and trustworthiness
• ‘see’ what is really going on – field
work observation
Individual & focus Group
Types of
Questions
Close-
ended
Semi-
structured
Open
ended
Types of
interview
methods
F2F Telephone
(landline/
cell phone)
Video call
(whatsapp/
Skype/Gmeet /
Teams/ zoom

8. CONT…
• How to developed interview question or protocol?
• Introduction: explanation – about your study, focus and scope – if funded please inform
• Divide into few sub sect:
1st section for individual background – marital status, age, education, knowledge
and experience
2nd section start with your 1st objective: don’t jump straight to the research
question
3rd and follows by others RO..
• End your protocol with perception, ideas, suggestion or tips from informants
• Example few interview protocol: it could be as simple as you want.

9. SIX PRACTICAL STEPS
FOR VIRTUAL INTERVIEWS & OBSERVATIONS
Location
virtual site
• Suitable platforms: Skype / Teams / Zoom / Meet
Develop
Protocol
• Can be sent earlier via email. Consent form can be recorded
Pilot your
session &
Record
• Get familiar
• Record the session / event

10. Slowly
withdraw
• At least let the GATEKEEPER know you are withdrawing
• THANK them
Field
notes
• Please do take note for important points
Do not
drag far
• Focus on the general view of central phenomenon/research focus
• Don’t rush into question/observation. Be natural. Think.