HIS 100 Theme 2: Secondary Source Analysis Worksheet Prompt: Fill in each of the fields below using information from a secondary source of your choice. Be sure to include specific examples (page numbers, etc.). Full APA citation: McGuire, R. A. (2018). North-South Alliances During the Drafting of the Constitution: The Costs of Compromise. In Public Choice Analyses of American Economic History (pp. 13-51). Springer, Cham. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-77592-0_2 Identify author and describe potential biases. Robert McGuire is a research professor of economics at Akron University. He has a Ph.D. from the University of Washington and has written various books including Pathogens, Parasites, and Progress and To Form A More Perfect Union. Being a research professor, the author could have research bias but that is not seen in this article. Identify thesis and arguments. The article refutes conclusions that the south and north alignments assisted the realization and passing of the constitutional convention of 1787. The distinguished economic interest of the region including slavery, merchant and commercial activities led to sectional rifts. These, in turn, created the need for compromises and agreements between both sides to complete the constitution. The author argues the rifts meant that the constitution was predisposed to failure and its original design fell short of serving as the constitution of the nation. This led to civil wars and a southern secession and led to the need for three amendments to save the constitution. What primary sources did the source rely on? The author borrows from articles and memoirs published by participants of the drafting of the constitution. This includes letters and memoranda on the views from the south and north alignments. Is the source reliable and convincing? Why or why not? The source is reliable and convincing. The author is a professor who has earned his Ph.D. doing research. Being a research professor means that the author intricately understands research and represents it with efficacy, therefore, making it reliable. The author also shows objectivity and is not invested in any side or any particular belief. How does the source relate to your project topic? How does it add to what you already know about the topic? The alignment of the north and south during the drafting of the constitution was instrumental in how well the constitution would fare. At the time, the constitution was a big step and its drafting and consequent ratification were heavily reliant on alignments and alliances. Running head: HISTORICAL LENSES 1 HISTORICAL LENSES 4 Drafting of the United States Constitution Student’s name Institution affiliation Date The lens I chose is po.

1. HIS 100 Theme 2: Secondary Source Analysis Worksheet
Prompt: Fill in each of the fields below using information from
a secondary source of your choice. Be sure to include specific
examples (page numbers, etc.).
Full APA citation:
McGuire, R. A. (2018). North-South Alliances During the
Drafting of the Constitution: The Costs of Compromise.
In Public Choice Analyses of American Economic History (pp.
13-51). Springer, Cham. Retrieved from
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-77592-0_2
Identify author and describe potential biases.
Robert McGuire is a research professor of economics at Akron
University. He has a Ph.D. from the University of Washington
and has written various books including Pathogens, Parasites,
and Progress and To Form A More Perfect Union. Being a
research professor, the author could have research bias but that
is not seen in this article.
Identify thesis and arguments.
The article refutes conclusions that the south and north
alignments assisted the realization and passing of the
constitutional convention of 1787. The distinguished economic
interest of the region including slavery, merchant and
commercial activities led to sectional rifts. These, in turn,
created the need for compromises and agreements between both
sides to complete the constitution. The author argues the rifts
meant that the constitution was predisposed to failure and its
original design fell short of serving as the constitution of the
nation. This led to civil wars and a southern secession and led
to the need for three amendments to save the constitution.
What primary sources did the source rely on?
The author borrows from articles and memoirs published by

2. participants of the drafting of the constitution. This includes
letters and memoranda on the views from the south and north
alignments.
Is the source reliable and convincing? Why or why not?
The source is reliable and convincing. The author is a professor
who has earned his Ph.D. doing research. Being a research
professor means that the author intricately understands research
and represents it with efficacy, therefore, making it reliable.
The author also shows objectivity and is not invested in any
side or any particular belief.
How does the source relate to your project topic? How does it
add to what you already know about the topic?
The alignment of the north and south during the drafting of the
constitution was instrumental in how well the constitution
would fare. At the time, the constitution was a big step and its
drafting and consequent ratification were heavily reliant on
alignments and alliances.
Running head: HISTORICAL LENSES
1
HISTORICAL LENSES
4
Drafting of the United States Constitution
Student’s name
Institution affiliation
Date

3. The lens I chose is political. I have the topic, The constitution
of United States began in the year 1787. This drafting occurred
when there was a meeting at Pennsylvania of constitutional
convention (Rutherglen, 2018). According to people who
drafted the constitution, the first governing document, the
confederation articles and the government did their operations
like countries that were independent. In this case, the political
lens can be used to show how politicians tried to write down the
laws and the purpose of drafting the constitution. “Comparisons
(both favorable and unfavorable) with the Philadelphia
Convention and the adoption of the United States Constitution
in 1787 abound.” The drafted took place after America gained
its independence from the Great Britain and this is when the
republic thought of having a central government that was strong
for its stability (Rutherglen, 2018). Some events that led to this
drafting included the start of revolutionary war, adding of tax to
sugar and molasses, passing of the stamp act that made colonists
deliver supplies to British soldiers and the gain of
independence.
This can be political as well as historical lens.Some overall
needs that were included in the US constitution include the Bill
of rights which guaranteed an individual’s protection. The bill
of right gave freedom of speech and religion to different states.
The role of citizens during the drafting included having the
power to govern it and this was not for ordinary citizens but for
white Protestants who owned property. This people were the

4. only ones allowed to vote. An economic lens has been used here
to show that citizens who didn’t own property didn’t have the
power to vote. Drafting the constitution by Michael lance
graham
“The ten amendments made in the US constitution were referred
to as the bill of rights which consisted civil liberties guarantees
and state power checks.” (Mestad, 2017). This guarantees and
checks were added so that the states would be convinced to
ratify the constitution. Some opposition groups such as Anti-
Federalists opposed constitution ratification since they thought
the government would be more powerful. There is an economic
lens used by the author in this scenario to show how opposition
groups such as Anti-federalists had no power over ratification.
Though this opposition groups were unsuccessful, they ensured
the Bill of rights was implemented. Historical lenses in this
picture try to study the drafting of the US constitution at
different angels that why we don’t have biased decisions about
the drafting (Vile, 2016). They include the political and the
economic lenses.
References
Mestad, O. (2017). The Impact of the US Constitution on the
Norwegian Constitution and on Emigration to
America. Norwegian-American Essays, 27-44. Retrieved from

5. https://www.duo.uio.no/handle/10852/65127
Rutherglen, G. (2018). The Framers' Coup: The Making of the
United States Constitution. Retrieved from
https://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-
bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/jlp34&section=7
Vile, J. R. (2016). Conventional Wisdom: The Alternate Article
V Mechanism for Proposing Amendments to the US
Constitution. University of Georgia Press.
HIS 100 Theme 2: Secondary Source Analysis Worksheet
Prompt: Fill in each of the fields below using information from
a secondary source of your choice. Be sure to include specific
examples (page numbers, etc.).
Full APA citation:
McGuire, R. A. (2018). North-South Alliances During the
Drafting of the Constitution: The Costs of Compromise.
In Public Choice Analyses of American Economic History (pp.
13-51). Springer, Cham. Retrieved from
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-77592-0_2
Identify author and describe potential biases.
Robert McGuire is a research professor of economics at Akron
University. He has a Ph.D. from the University of Washington
and has written various books including Pathogens, Parasites,
and Progress and To Form A More Perfect Union. Being a
research professor, the author could have research bias but that
is not seen in this article.
Identify thesis and arguments.
The article refutes conclusions that the south and north
alignments assisted the realization and passing of the
constitutional convention of 1787. The distinguished economic
interest of the region including slavery, merchant and
commercial activities led to sectional rifts. These, in turn,
created the need for compromises and agreements between both

6. sides to complete the constitution. The author argues the rifts
meant that the constitution was predisposed to failure and its
original design fell short of serving as the constitution of the
nation. This led to civil wars and a southern secession and led
to the need for three amendments to save the constitution.
What primary sources did the source rely on?
The author borrows from articles and memoirs published by
participants of the drafting of the constitution. This includes
letters and memoranda on the views from the south and north
alignments.
Is the source reliable and convincing? Why or why not?
The source is reliable and convincing. The author is a professor
who has earned his Ph.D. doing research. Being a research
professor means that the author intricately understands research
and represents it with efficacy, therefore, making it reliable.
The author also shows objectivity and is not invested in any
side or any particular belief.
How does the source relate to your project topic? How does it
add to what you already know about the topic?
The alignment of the north and south during the drafting of the
constitution was instrumental in how well the constitution
would fare. At the time, the constitution was a big step and its
drafting and consequent ratification were heavily reliant on
alignments and alliances.
HIS 100 Theme 3: Learning Block 5-3 Historical Context Chart
Prompt: To understand your topic, it is important to understand
what the world was like at that time. First, list your research
topic, the revised research question you plan to address moving
forward, and your current thesis statement. Then, choose two

7. secondary sources related to your research topic and provide the
citation for each in the chart below. You may use secondary
sources from previous assignments.Next, explain in the chart
what the source tells you about the historical context behind
your topic. In the last chart column, explain how the context
provided by the source will help you revise your currentthesis
statement, answering your research question.
Historical Context Chart
Research Topic: Drafting of the United States Constitution
Selected Revised Research Questionfrom 4-2-1: What were the
major historical events that led to the drafting of the U.S.
Constitution?
Current Thesis Statement: The historical events that led to the
drafting of the constitution include the Revolutionary War,
Declaration of Independence, the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act
crisis.
Secondary Source Citation
Historical Context of Event
Support Your Thesis Statement
First secondary source citation
Bonwick, C. (2017). English radicals and the American
revolution. UNC Press Books.
What does this source tell you about the historical context
behind your topic? (consider events, social conditions, political
structures or anything that may externally affect your topic)
The source provides insights of the Revolutionary war that
instigated the road to independence hence the drafting of the
constitution. The revolutionary war took place between the
American colonies and Britain to fight the taxation laws and
also seek for an American representation in the Parliament. The
American revolution began in 1774 to battle the Stamp Act and
the Sugar Act. The source provides information about the rise of
both political and social radicals.

8. Explain how the context provided by the source will help you
support your thesis statement, answering your research
question:
The context of the source provides in-depth insights about the
cause of the drafting of the constitution which detrimental to
answering the research questions. The information provided in
the source also serves as a complement source to the thesis. The
activities that the radicals carried out during the war to
independence are also identified to increase the volume of
knowledge that is relevant to the thesis of the research paper.
Second secondary
source citation
Spannaus, B.N. (2019). The Fight Behind the Declaration of
Independence. Journal of the American Revolution
The article talks about the reasons why the Americans wanted a
reformation of the government and as a result it led to the
Declaration of Independence. The pursuit was to create a nation
that is committed to the undisputable rights to life, liberty and
independence. Leaders across America mobilized masses in
every colony to give consent to the declaration so as to achieve
a free nation. Thomas Paine wrote an article that was published
in 1776 called “Common Sense” to secure freedom for
Americans.
The “Common Sense”article provided a reminder to the people
that they had been deprived of their birth right and the chains
had to be broken. The content of the pamphlet provides rich
information to support the thesis statement. The events of the
Declaration of Independence are important due to the fact that it
had a strong impact to the process of drafting the constitution.
References
Bonwick, C. (2017). English radicals and the American
Revolution. UNC Press Books. Retrieved from

9. https://books.google.ro/books?hl=en&lr=&id=yLY4DwAAQBAJ
&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=The+American+Revolution++&ots=ba08
iHZioY&sig=w1Y-gW-
rz2xBpI22O9vuPDDnFJc&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=The%20
American%20Revolution&f=false
Spannaus, B.N. (2019). The Fight Behind the Declaration of
Independence. Journal of the American Revolution. Retrieved
fromhttps://allthingsliberty.com/2019/08/the-fight-behind-the-
declaration/
Running head: HISTORICAL LENSES
1
HISTORICAL LENSES
4
Drafting of the United States Constitution
Student’s name
Institution affiliation
Date
The lens I chose is political. I have the topic, The constitution
of United States began in the year 1787. This drafting occurred

10. when there was a meeting at Pennsylvania of constitutional
convention (Rutherglen, 2018). According to people who
drafted the constitution, the first governing document, the
confederation articles and the government did their operations
like countries that were independent. In this case, the political
lens can be used to show how politicians tried to write down the
laws and the purpose of drafting the constitution. “Comparisons
(both favorable and unfavorable) with the Philadelphia
Convention and the adoption of the United States Constitution
in 1787 abound.” The drafted took place after America gained
its independence from the Great Britain and this is when the
republic thought of having a central government that was strong
for its stability (Rutherglen, 2018). Some events that led to this
drafting included the start of revolutionary war, adding of tax to
sugar and molasses, passing of the stamp act that made colonists
deliver supplies to British soldiers and the gain of
independence.
This can be political as well as historical lens.Some overall
needs that were included in the US constitution include the Bill
of rights which guaranteed an individual’s protection. The bill
of right gave freedom of speech and religion to different states.
The role of citizens during the drafting included having the
power to govern it and this was not for ordinary citizens but for
white Protestants who owned property. This people were the
only ones allowed to vote. An economic lens has been used here
to show that citizens who didn’t own property didn’t have the
power to vote. Drafting the constitution by Michael lance
graham
“The ten amendments made in the US constitution were referred
to as the bill of rights which consisted civil liberties guarantees
and state power checks.” (Mestad, 2017). This guarantees and
checks were added so that the states would be convinced to
ratify the constitution. Some opposition groups such as Anti-
Federalists opposed constitution ratification since they thought
the government would be more powerful. There is an economic
lens used by the author in this scenario to show how opposition

11. groups such as Anti-federalists had no power over ratification.
Though this opposition groups were unsuccessful, they ensured
the Bill of rights was implemented. Historical lenses in this
picture try to study the drafting of the US constitution at
different angels that why we don’t have biased decisions about
the drafting (Vile, 2016). They include the political and the
economic lenses.
References
Mestad, O. (2017). The Impact of the US Constitution on the
Norwegian Constitution and on Emigration to
America. Norwegian-American Essays, 27-44. Retrieved from
https://www.duo.uio.no/handle/10852/65127
Rutherglen, G. (2018). The Framers' Coup: The Making of the
United States Constitution. Retrieved from
https://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-
bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/jlp34&section=7
Vile, J. R. (2016). Conventional Wisdom: The Alternate Article
V Mechanism for Proposing Amendments to the US
Constitution. University of Georgia Press.
HIS 100 Theme 3: Learning Block 5-3 Historical Context Chart

12. Prompt: To understand your topic, it is important to understand
what the world was like at that time. First, list your research
topic, the revised research question you plan to address moving
forward, and your current thesis statement. Then, choose two
secondary sources related to your research topic and provide the
citation for each in the chart below. You may use secondary
sources from previous assignments.Next, explain in the chart
what the source tells you about the historical context behind
your topic. In the last chart column, explain how the context
provided by the source will help you revise your currentthesis
statement, answering your research question.
Historical Context Chart
Research Topic: Drafting of the United States Constitution
Selected Revised Research Questionfrom 4-2-1: What were the
major historical events that led to the drafting of the U.S.
Constitution?
Current Thesis Statement: The historical events that led to the
drafting of the constitution include the Revolutionary War,
Declaration of Independence, the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act
crisis.
Secondary Source Citation
Historical Context of Event
Support Your Thesis Statement
First secondary source citation
Bonwick, C. (2017). English radicals and the American
revolution. UNC Press Books.
What does this source tell you about the historical context
behind your topic? (consider events, social conditions, political
structures or anything that may externally affect your topic)
The source provides insights of the Revolutionary war that
instigated the road to independence hence the drafting of the
constitution. The revolutionary war took place between the
American colonies and Britain to fight the taxation laws and

13. also seek for an American representation in the Parliament. The
American revolution began in 1774 to battle the Stamp Act and
the Sugar Act. The source provides information about the rise of
both political and social radicals.
Explain how the context provided by the source will help you
support your thesis statement, answering your research
question:
The context of the source provides in-depth insights about the
cause of the drafting of the constitution which detrimental to
answering the research questions. The information provided in
the source also serves as a complement source to the thesis. The
activities that the radicals carried out during the war to
independence are also identified to increase the volume of
knowledge that is relevant to the thesis of the research paper.
Second secondary
source citation
Spannaus, B.N. (2019). The Fight Behind the Declaration of
Independence. Journal of the American Revolution
The article talks about the reasons why the Americans wanted a
reformation of the government and as a result it led to the
Declaration of Independence. The pursuit was to create a nation
that is committed to the undisputable rights to life, liberty and
independence. Leaders across America mobilized masses in
every colony to give consent to the declaration so as to achieve
a free nation. Thomas Paine wrote an article that was published
in 1776 called “Common Sense” to secure freedom for
Americans.
The “Common Sense”article provided a reminder to the people
that they had been deprived of their birth right and the chains
had to be broken. The content of the pamphlet provides rich
information to support the thesis statement. The events of the
Declaration of Independence are important due to the fact that it
had a strong impact to the process of drafting the constitution.

14. References
Bonwick, C. (2017). English radicals and the American
Revolution. UNC Press Books. Retrieved from
https://books.google.ro/books?hl=en&lr=&id=yLY4DwAAQBAJ
&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=The+American+Revolution++&ots=ba08
iHZioY&sig=w1Y-gW-
rz2xBpI22O9vuPDDnFJc&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=The%20
American%20Revolution&f=false
Spannaus, B.N. (2019). The Fight Behind the Declaration of
Independence. Journal of the American Revolution. Retrieved
fromhttps://allthingsliberty.com/2019/08/the-fight-behind-the-
declaration/