An introduction to the language of anatomy and orthopaedics

1. Orthopaedic terminology
Dr Siddhartha Sinha
MBBS, MS
(Orthopaedics)

2. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
IF YOU CANT SPEAK THE LANGUAGE YOU CANT TALK/UNDERSTAND

3. Body planes

4. Orthopaedic terminology
● Ortho
● Paedic
● Fracture
● Dislocation
● Subluxation

5. ● Attitude: overall appearance of the
patient/ limb
● Position: the appearance of limb at the
time of examination in relation to a
reference point

6. ● Gait
● Range of motion
● Arc of motion
● Functional range

7. Movement
● Flexion
● Extension
● Internal rotation
● External rotation
● Abduction
● Adduction

8. Position
• Proximal
• Distal
• Angular
• Valgus
• Varus

10. ● Humero = SHOULDER
● Cubitus = ELBOW
● Carpi = WRIST
● Hand = MANUS
● Coxa = HIP
● Genu = KNEE
● Ankle = TARSO
● Foot = PEDIS

11. ● Spondylosis = age
related arthritis in the
spine
● Spondylolisthesis =
Forward displacement of
vertebra below it
● Spondylitis =
Inflammation in the joints
between the spine
● Spondylolysis =
Spondylolysis is a stress
fracture through the pars
interarticularis of the
lumbar vertebrae.

12. ● Myelopathy = result of compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots caused
by inflammation, arthritis, bone spurs and spinal degeneration due to aging.
● Neuropathy = damage or dysfunction of one or more nerves that typically
results in numbness, tingling, muscle weakness and pain in the affected area.
● Scoliosis= Lateral/ Sideways curve AND rotaion of back

13. Osteitis = inflammation of bone
Myelitis= inflammation of bone marrow
Osteomyelitis = inflammation of bone and bone marrow
Arthritis = inflammation of a joint
Bursitis = inflammaiton/ irritation of bursa
Synovitis = inflammation of synovium

14. Imaging
X ray
CT scan = Computed Tomography Scan
MRI = Magnetic resonance imaging
Arthrogram = Visualising the joint with contrast

15. ● Cast: Circumferential
● Slab:
● Spica

16. ● RICE
○ REST
○ ICE
○ COMPRESISON
○ ELEVATION

17. Anatomy of bone

18. ● Splint: to temporary immobilize the fracture by various means
● Reduction: to reduce the displaced bone fragments/joint in an acceptable
manner
● Fixation : Fix the bone to its size and position
● Orthosis : Device to improve the function of a limb
● Prosthesis : Device to replace the part of the body
● Arthroplasty: joint replacement