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ボタン押し動作時の
シルエット外接矩形を用いた
本人認証 (その2)
茨城大学理工学研究科メディア通信工学専攻
○河野駿介,矢内浩文,岡本翔
先行研究 -ボタン押し動作による判別岡本ら[1]による研究
ボタン押し動作を頭上からカメラで撮影して人の体のみシルエット抽出し,
シルエット外接矩形の時系列による判別を行う.
結果

外接矩形時系列

前後長

左右長

面積

[1]久芳瑠衣子,花岡駿介,岡本翔,矢内浩文, ボタン押し動作時のシルエット外接矩形を用いた本人認証 ,第10回情報科学技術フォーラム
(FIT2011)講演論文集,第3分冊,pp. 185-186,2011.

2
背景 -シルエットを用いた個人識別村瀬[2]による研究
歩行時のシルエットの形状変化を用いた方法.各特徴値 (F1 F16, Fy)
の波形を時系列的に照合し識別する.シルエットを採用することで,
服装,照明の色や明るさ等の影響をあまり受けない.

7名の被験者に対する識別率

特徴抽出ウィンドウ
[2] 村瀬洋, シルエットを用いた歩行動画像からの個人識別 ,電子情報通信学会論文誌,Vol. J 75-D-II,No. 6,pp. 1096-1098,1992.

3
背景 -両足床反力による個人識別関ら[3]による研究
歩行時の両足床反力の時系列から少数の特徴量を抽出し識別する方法.
特徴量には以下の8個を使用.
•歩行周期の半分L,時間平均N
•Nの最大値Nmax・最小値Nmin・平均MN・標準偏差SN・
わい度KN・せん度EN.

両足床反力の路系列
[3]関進,藤井崇介,沢田篤史,美濃導彦, 歩行時の両足床反力を用いた個人識別 ,電子情報通信学会論文誌 D,Vol. J90-D,No. 2,
pp. 441-449,2007.

4
目的
1. 判別率の向上
•岡本ら[1]の研究と同一のデータを使用.
•判別に有効と思われるが使われていなかった
   特徴量の追加.
!

2. 判別手法の違いによる正答率の比較
  Nearest Neighbor法 (NN法)と
  Support Vector Machine (SVM)で判別.
5
実験方法
被験者:37名.
1人5回実施 (計185データ).

人物シルエット
シルエットに外接する矩形の時系列

6
外接矩形の時系列 -実際の波形例前後長

左右長

前後長

左右長
7
特徴量の定義
先行研究で用いた特徴量

今回追加した特徴量
谷

90% カーブ下面積

最大値(100%)
前後長
初期値(0%)

安定時間

上昇時間

10%
下降時間

山

最大値(100%)

•前後長平均値
•左右長平均値
•前後長標準偏差
•左右長標準偏差

90%
左右長

最小値(0%)
下降時間

安定時間

10%

カーブ上面積

上昇時間

f
全ての特徴量は右式で正規化した.xij

=

計21個の特徴量を使用.
xij

x
x

xij :各特徴量の値 x :平均値

i

:被験者

j

:試行

x :標準偏差

8
評価法
判別するデータが与えられ,これが一体誰なのか,を判別する.
!

leave-one-outクロスバリデーションで判別率を算出.
•i回目の試行をテストデータ,それ以外を学習データとする.
  →5回の判定.
データは全データからランダム抽出で判別人数 (5, 10, …, 30)ごとに
5セット作成.5 5=25回判定した平均値を判別率とした.
!

判別手法はNearest Neighbor法 (NN法)と
Support Vector Machine (SVM)を用いた.
9
先行研究から用いている特徴量

•前後長最大値.
•左右長最大値.
•面積最大値.
•前後長最小値.
•左右長最小値.
•面積最小値.
!

•前後長と左右長の相関係数.
•前後長時系列の上昇時間.
•前後長時系列の安定時間.
•前後長時系列の下降時間.
•左右長時系列の上昇時間.
•左右長時系列の安定時間.
•左右超時系列の下降時間.

追加した特徴量

!

•前後長平均値.
•左右長平均値.
•前後長標準偏差.
•左右長標準偏差.
•カーブ下面積.
•カーブ上面積.
!

•谷の有無.
•山の有無.

NN法 (13)
10
先行研究から用いている特徴量

•前後長最大値.
•左右長最大値.
•面積最大値.
•前後長最小値.
•左右長最小値.
•面積最小値.
!

•前後長と左右長の相関係数.
•前後長時系列の上昇時間.
•前後長時系列の安定時間.
•前後長時系列の下降時間.
•左右長時系列の上昇時間.
•左右長時系列の安定時間.
•左右超時系列の下降時間.

追加した特徴量

!

•前後長平均値.
•左右長平均値.
•前後長標準偏差.
•左右長標準偏差.
•カーブ下面積.
•カーブ上面積.

SVM (21)
NN法 (21)

!

•谷の有無.
•山の有無.

NN法 (13)
11
先行研究から用いている特徴量

•前後長最大値.
•左右長最大値.
•面積最大値.
•前後長最小値.
•左右長最小値.
•面積最小値.
!

•前後長と左右長の相関係数.
•前後長時系列の上昇時間.
•前後長時系列の安定時間.
•前後長時系列の下降時間.
•左右長時系列の上昇時間.
•左右長時系列の安定時間.
•左右超時系列の下降時間.

追加した特徴量

!

•前後長平均値.
•左右長平均値.
•前後長標準偏差.
•左右長標準偏差.
•カーブ下面積.
•カーブ上面積.

SVM (19)
NN法 (19)
SVM (21)
NN法 (21)

!

•谷の有無.
•山の有無.

NN法 (13)
12
まとめ・考察

•ボタン押し動作による個人の判別を行った.
!

•頭上から撮影した動画像から人のみシルエット抽出し,
シルエット外接矩形から特徴量を算出した.
!

関連研究との比較

SVM (19)
村瀬[2]

NN法 (19)
関ら[3]
13
参考文献
[1]久芳瑠衣子,花岡駿介,岡本翔,矢内浩文, ボタン押し動作時の
シルエット外接矩形を用いた本人認証 ,第10回情報科学技術フォー
ラム (FIT2011)講演論文集,第3分冊,pp. 185-186,2011.
!

[2] 村瀬洋, シルエットを用いた歩行動画像からの個人識別 ,電子
情報通信学会論文誌,Vol. J 75-D-II,No. 6,pp. 1096-1098,
1992.
!

[3]関進,藤井崇介,沢田篤史,美濃導彦, 歩行時の両足床反力を用
いた個人識別 ,電子情報通信学会論文誌 D,Vol. J90-D,No. 2,
pp. 441-449,2007.
14
(参考) 判別率
NN13

NN21 SVM21 NN19 SVM19

5

92

98.4

99.2

96

98.4

10

83

90.4

91.6

93.2

92.4

15

75

87.73

89.06

89.86

92

20

71

84.4

85.6

87.4

87.2

25

69

80.16

81.28

81.28

83.68

30

67

78.4

80.53

80.53

83.6

37

65

76.75

79.45

79.45

82.15

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FIT2013 ボタン押し動作時のシルエット外接矩形を用いた本人認証(その2)