3. RIGHTS ARE LEGAL, SOCIAL, OR ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF FREEDOM ABOUT WHAT IS
ALLOWED OF PEOPLE OR OWED TO PEOPLE, ACCORDING TO SOME LEGAL SYSTEM,
SOCIAL CONVENTION, OR ETHICAL THEORY.
Rights are protections against laws
and other powers of the
government.
Law is the way to make right legal
by constitution in written form
"A child is any human being below the
age of eighteen years.
Child Rights are fundamental
freedoms and the inherent rights of
all human beings below the age of
18.
The Charter of Child Rights (CRC) is
built on the principle that "ALL
children are born with fundamental
freedoms and ALL human beings have
some inherent rights".
4. IMPORTANCE OF CHILD RIGHT
IN REALITY
children have been abused and exploited.
Suffer from hunger and homelessness,
work in harmful conditions, high infant
mortality, deficient health care and limited
opportunities for basic education.
2 million Indian babies will die before they
celebrate their first birthday.
More girl children will be killed at birth
than in any previous year.
At least 35 million children aged 6 – 14
years will not be in school.
17 million children in India work
Childhood can and must be preserved.
Children have the right to survive,
develop, be protected and participate in
decisions that impact their lives.
Their lives should mature gradually, as
they gain new experiences.
5. CRY AND CHILD RIGHT
Founder(s) Rippan Kapur
Type Community Service
Founded 1979
Headquarters Mumbai, India
Branches -
Bangalore,Chennai, Del
hi, Kolkata
Key people raijain mandarica
Focus Children's Rights
Method Partnership with NGOs
Revenue ~Rs.36 crores
Employees 150
Motto Stand up for what is
right
CRY is Child right and you.
Non-profit organization in India that aims
to restore children's rights in India.
Primary source of revenue - donations by
individuals and organizations
CRY’s role is to support for this cause by
speaking out, demanding, negotiating as
required with the relevant state or citizen
bodies for the rights of children.
CRY started work on empowering under-
privileged children and the communities
they belonged to by actively partnering
smaller / grassroots-level NGOs working in
remote and neglected areas of India.
7. THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION:
50% of Indian children aged 6-18 do not go to school
Dropout rates increase alarmingly in class III to V, its 50% for
boys, 58% for girls.
THE RIGHT TO EXPRESSION:
Right to express himself freely in which ever way he likes.
Majority of children however are exploited by their elders
and not allowed to express.
THE RIGHT TO NUTRITION:
More than 50% of India's children are malnourished.
While one in every five adolescent boys is malnourished,
one in every two girls in India is undernourished.
THE RIGHT TO HEALTH & CARE:
58% -below the age of 2 years are not fully vaccinated.
24% -do not receive any form of vaccination.
Over 60% -are anemic.
8. THE RIGHT TO PROTECTION FROM EXPLOITATION
17 million work as per official estimates.
Children put in an average of 21 hours of labour
per week.
THE RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT:
Every child has the right to development that lets
the child explore her/his full potential..
The right to Name & Nationality:
Every child has a right to identify himself with a
nation.
A vast majority of underprivileged children in India
are treated like commodities and exported to other
countries as labour or prostitutes.
THE RIGHT TO SURVIVAL:
Of the 12 million girls born in India, 3 million do not
see their fifteenth birthday.
A million of them are unable to survive even their first
birthday.
Every sixth girl child's death is due to gender
discrimination.
9. Project H.O.P.E.
(Helping Other People Eat)
makes yearly donations to
homeless shelters in our community,
Allowing employees to donate
their time to the help the lives of
those less fortunate.
SAVE THE CHILDREN:
world’s leading
independent organization for children.
Aim-every child attains the right to survival,
protection, development and participation.
Actively works with the communities, the State
governments and the National government to bring
lasting changes for the most marginalised children
by:
•Providing them with immunisation and nutrition.
•Chance to join formal school.
•Exposing and preventing exploitative child labour
practices and running prevention programs.
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
It our resposibility and priveledge to help resolve social issues faced within our community, and
strengthen them through our dedicated community service.
12. VEDAS PERIOD(Some laws of Manu(200 - 400 C.E)
•Honored and respected by the male member
who desire their own welfare.”
•In childhood a female must be subject to her
father, in youth to her husband, and when her
lord is dead, to her sons; a woman must never
be independent.”
•“A husband should be worshiped as a God.
•Women, shudra,dog and crow embody
untruth, sin and darkness.”
•“A woman should not go to a meeting place;
and they should not dance like the young, but
sit at their proper places.”
Women were educated in the
early Vedic period. Rigvedic verses
suggest that the women married at a
mature age and were probably free
to select their husband.
13. MEDVIAL PERIOD
Women had to obey men, but they were
often treated well. We could say that
women were treated based on their
social rank, but this would also show
some inconsistencies.
Women were below men, they were
ruled by the males in their families.
The Indian woman's position in the society
further deteriorated during the medieval
period.
The Muslim conquest in the Indian
subcontinent brought the purdah practice in
the Indian society.
IN SPITE OF THESE CONDITIONS
Some women excelled in the fields of politics,
literature, education and religion.
Razia Sultana became the only woman
monarch to have ever ruled Delhi.
The Mughal princesses Jahanara and
Zebunnissa were well-known poets.
Mirabai was a female saint-poet
14. PRE-INDEPENDENCE PERIOD
Reformers such as Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar
Chandra Vidyasagar, Jyotirao Phule etc. fought
for the upliftment of women.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy's efforts led to the
abolition of the Sati practice under Governor-
General William Cavendish-Bentinck in 1829.
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's crusade for
the improvement in condition of widows led
to the Widow Remarriage Act of 1856.
Chandramukhi Basu, Kadambini
Ganguly and Anandi Gopal Joshi were few of
the earliest Indian women to obtain
educational degrees.
In 1917, the first women's delegation met
the Secretary of State to demand women's
political rights, supported by the Indian
National Congress.
THE CHILD MARRIAGE ACT RESTRAINT - 1929,
•14 as the minimum age of marriage for a girl
through the efforts of Mahomed Ali Jinnah
Sarojini Naidu-a poet and a freedom
fighter, was the first Indian woman to
become the President of the Indian National
Congress and the first woman to become
the governor of a state in India.
15. POST-INDEPENDENCE PERIOD
Faced a major upheaval as regards their position,
perception and role in society.
Women were no longer subordinate to men.
The Constitution of India declared equality as one
of the Fundamental Rights.
Equal protection of the law, equal opportunities in public
employment,
and prohibited discrimination in public places.
In 1954 Vibhla Farooqui and her female colleagues in the
Communist Party of India organized a national
conference to address women`s issues.
This was a time when Mrs. Indira Gandhi was the Prime Minister .
India was one of the few countries in the world that regularly sent
women abroad as ambassadors, representatives to the United
Nations, and delegates to international conferences.
16.
17. 1. Right To Vote
First countries to grant women electoral equality with
the men –
New Zealand (1893), Finland (1906), Norway (1913)and
Iceland (1915)
In 1989 general election out of a total of 498,406, 429
voters 236, 861, 287 were women .
In the 1991 general election, the number of women
fielded by the major political parties was very low.
In developed countries, like the United Kingdom(6.3 %),
the United States (5.3 %), France (6.4 %)and
Japan (1.4%) the representation of women in parliament is
extremely poor.
In India participation of women in parliament is 8.3%.
POLITICAL RIGHT OF WOMEN(Articles 325 and 326 )
18. 2. RIGHT TO PARTICIPATE IN POLITICAL PROCESS
Beginning of women’s participation in
politics-Swadeshi movement in Bengal
(1905-8) .
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act-
33 % reservation in the Panchayat Raj
institutions in the rural areas.
74th constitutional amendment act-
33% reservation in Nagara Palike and
Municipalities in towns and urban areas.
1991 –The Janata Party
Government in Karnataka passed a
bill to implement 25 per cent reservation
For women in local elections.
19. High female literacy rates-
Kerala and Mizoram
NFE centers have provided education –
0.12 million girls out of 7.42 million children
SAAKSHAR BHARAT MISSION
Launched-Dr. Manmohan Singh
Centrally sponsored scheme of -
Department of School Education and Literacy
(DSEL),
Ministry of Human Resource Development
(MHRD),
Government of India (GOI)
on the International Literacy Day,
Date-8th September, 2009.
Aims -promote and strengthen Adult
Education, specially of women
RIGHT TO EDUCATION
20.
21. LAND RIGHT
Pre 1978 Amendment
ACT
Article 19(1)(f)
Post1978 Amendment
Act
Articles 31(a), 31(a), 31(a), 300 A
deals with
the rights to use, alienate,
or exclude others from land.
stem from inheritance,
transfers from the State,
tenancy arrangements, land
purchase etc.
Importance : welfare,
efficiency, equality, and
empowerment.
Bina Agarwal is a prize-winning development
economist and Director and Professor of Economics at
the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi.
According to Bina Agarwal-
Land ownership is
• social status
•political power
•shaping relationships
• creating family dynamics
•decreases the chance of domestic violence
22. TheTebhaga Story EMERGED IN –
•1946–47
•undivided Bengal
•in the footsteps of the
great Bengal famine of 1943.
REASON-
• Sharecroppers in the region had no occupancy
rights.
•faced a constant threat of eviction.
•The landlords took half the produce.
•Sexually abused the women.
SPEARHEADED BY-
the Bengal Provincial Kisan Sabha (BPKS), under
the leadership of the Communist Party of India.
The women’s self-defense league played a critical
mobilizing role among women.
23. PWESCR
STARTED -2005
FOCUS-South Asia
Programme on Women’s Economic, Social
and Cultural Rights.
international advocacy and educational
initiative in the area of women and their
economic, social and cultural rights (ESCR).
PROMOTE -human rights of women
GOALS
To build leadership and capacity of groups,
organizations, activities and other actors in the
field of human rights and economic justice to
promote women’s ESCR.
24. LEGAL PROVISION
THE CRIMES IDENTIFIED
UNDER THE INDIAN
PENAL CODE (IPC)---
•Rape (Sec. 376 IPC)
•Homicide for Dowry, Dowry
Deaths or their attempts
(Sec. 302/304-B IPC)
•Torture, both mental and
physical (Sec. 498-A IPC)
•Sexual Harassment (Sec.
509 IPC)
•Importation of girls (up to
21 years of age)
•The Crimes identified under
the Special Laws (SLL)-
•Family Courts Act, 1954
•The Special Marriage Act, 1954
•The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955
•Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961
•The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act,
2006
•Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act,
1987
•Protection of Women from Domestic
Violence Act, 2005
25. SPECIAL INITIATIVES
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR WOMEN (JANUARY 1992)-
Constitutional and legal safeguards provided for women, review
the existing legislation to suggest amendments wherever
necessary, etc.
NATIONAL PLAN OF ACTION FOR THE GIRL CHILD (1991-2000)-
Survival, protection and development of the girl child with the
ultimate objective of building up a better future for the girl
child.
NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN (2001)-
• Prepared by-Department of Women & Child Development in the
Ministry of Human Resource Development .
• Goal-advancement, development and empowerment of
women.
