Recent developments in corporate and partnerships implications for transac
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Recent developments in corporate and partnerships:
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controlled corporation (“C”), providing each businesswith a capital structure
tailored to how it operates.► Another frequent objective is for a corporate
group to divest itself ofone or more lines of business in order to focus on a
core business (orbusiness) However D may want or need to receive
compensationbusiness). However, D may want or need to receive
compensationfor the divestiture but, for a variety of reasons, a sale of the
unwantedbusiness may not be possible or practical.Eighth Annual Domestic
Tax Conference7
General Methods► Generally, there are six methods by which the value
canbe extracted from a non-core business in connection withthe tax-free
separation of core and non-core operations.► Controlled Assumption of
Liabilities: assumption of liabilities of thedistributing corporation (D) by the
controlled corporation (C);distributing corporation (D) by the controlled
corporation (C);► Controlled Cash Distribution: distribution of C’s cash in
exchange forassets transferred by D;► Controlled Cash Purchase: C’s
purchase of D’s assets for cash;► Controlled Cash Purchase: C s purchase
of D s assets for cash;► Controlled Securities Exchange: exchange of C
securities (long-termdebt) for D debt;► Controlled Stock Exchange: exchange
of a portion of C stock for D debt;g g p ;and► Reverse Direction Spin-off:
leverage the non-core business and spin thecore business (together with the
proceeds of leveraging)Eighth Annual Domestic Tax Conference8
Controlled Assumption of Liabilities andDistribution of Cash: Mechanics &
LimitationsMechanicsD S/HsMechanics► D transfers Business 2 to newly
formed C in exchangefor C stock, cash (debt funded), and C’s assumption
ofsome of D’s outstanding liabilities and D distributes thestock of C to its
shareholders.C stock, cash, &assumption of DliabilitiesDCBusiness
2LimitationsCLimitations► Basis Limitation: Assumed liabilities and distributed
cash are cumulatively limited to thebasis of the assets transferred by D to
C.► To the extent that the liabilities assumed by C and cash distributed to D
exceed the basis in thetransferred assets D will recognize gaintransferred
assets, D will recognize gain.► Contingent liabilities generally excluded.►
Use of Cash: Cash must be used by D (i) to repay its debt* OR ii) for
distribution to itsshareholders (i.e., dividends or redemptions).Eighth Annual
Domestic Tax Conference9shareholders (i.e., dividends or redemptions).
Controlled Securities & Stock ExchangePrior to No-Rule:
MechanicsMechanics► D issues $600M principal amount short-term debt (ST
debt) toD S/Hs$600M ► D issues $600M principal amount short term debt
(ST debt) toa financial institution (FI), which holds the debt for its ownaccount,
in exchange for cash.► D transfers Business 2 to a newly formed C in
exchange for► $300M of C securities (long term debt) andDFIST debt$600M
cash► $300M of C securities (long term debt), and► Two classes of C
common stock – Class A high vote(80% vote & 60% value) and Class B low
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vote (20% vote& 40% value).D t f th C iti (300M) d Cl B l tBus 2$300M C►
D transfers the C securities (300M), and Class B low voteshares to FI in
exchange for the $600M ST debt anddistributes the C Class A stock to D’s
shareholders in adistribution intended to qualify under Sections 355
and368(a)(1)(D).DD S/HsC stockFI$300M Csecurities & CClass B
shares$600M D Bus 2► FI sells the C securities & Class B shares for cash
in a publicoffering.CBus 2$600M DDebtBus 2Eighth Annual Domestic Tax
Conference10Bus 2
Controlled Securities & Stock Exchange Prior toNo-Rule: Mechanics
(continued)D S/Hs New S/Hs FID C80% Vote/60% Value20% Vote/40%
ValueSecurityH ld$ FeesD CBus 2$600M CashHolders► D now has $600M
of cash with no restrictions on what the cash can be used for.R i t f C t ll d St
k d C t ll d S iti i tl NOT b i li it d ( di t ib ti f h► Receipt of Controlled Stock
and Controlled Securities is currently NOT basis limited (compare distribution
of cash orassumption of a liability).► Key to tax free treatment of Securities
Exchange & Stock Exchange is that the Securities & Stock were used toretire
D “Debt”.Eighth Annual Domestic Tax Conference11
Revenue Procedure 2013-3, Section 5, No-Rule, Areas Under Study, y►
New Debt Issuance: Whether either sections 355 or 361 applies to a
distributingcorporations distribution of stock or securities of a controlled
corporation in exchangefor and in retirement of debt issued in anticipation of
the distributionfor, and in retirement of, debt issued in anticipation of the
distribution.► Control: Whether a corporation is a "controlled corporation"
within the meaning ofp p gsection 355(a)(1)(A) if, in anticipation of a
distribution, control was acquired as theresult of a recapitalization, or if, in
anticipation of a distribution such corporation issuesstock to another person
having different voting power per share than the stock held bythe distributing
corporation.g p► North-South: Whether transfers of property by a person to a
corporation and transfersf t b th t ti t th t i h t t ibl t tof property by that
corporation to that person in what are ostensibly two separatetransactions
(so-called "north-south" transactions), at least one of which is a
distributionwith respect to the corporations stock, a contribution to capital, or
an acquisition ofstock, are respected as separate transactions for Federal
income tax purposes.Eighth Annual Domestic Tax Conference12
North-South ExampleParent► For business reasons, D would like todistribute
the stock of C to ParentParentDCash ControlledStockdistribute the stock of C
to Parent.► However, Distributing is subject to certain debtcovenants and
Parent needs to contribute cashor other assets to D in order to compensate
forthe loss of C.C► Alternatively, in a recent but unrelatedtransaction, Parent
contributed business assetsto D.► Under the current no-rule position,
theService will not rule on this transaction.► Potential 20% exception► Note:
the North South no rule applies to Section► Note: the North-South no-rule
applies to Section355 distributions as well as to other movementsof property
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outside of the Section 355 context.Eighth Annual Domestic Tax Conference13
Section 355 & REIT ElectionEighth Annual Domestic Tax Conference14
Spin-off and related “Propco” REIT conversionStep 1: The dropdown Step 2:
The spin-offShareholdersPropcosharesShareholdersParent
Parent(Opco)Propertyassets andentitiesPropcosharesPropco PropcoEighth
Annual Domestic Tax Conference15
Summary illustration of Opco/Propco spin-off (cont.)( )Step 3: Post-spin-offp
pShareholdersO100% 100%PropcoOpco(former Parent)LeaseAgreement**
Alternatively, Opco could enter into a management agreement withPropco or
a subsidiary of Propco.Eighth Annual Domestic Tax Conference16
Partnership IPO StructuresEighth Annual Domestic Tax Conference17
Partnership IPO StructuresOverview► Publicly Traded Partnership (PTP) /
Master LimitedPartnership (MLP)Partnership (MLP)► Limited availability►
Limited investor base► Complex reporting► Up-C Structure► Up C
Structure► Possible application where:► PTP is not available or desirableI t
lid t ith S► Issuer cannot consolidate with Sponsor► Tax Receivable
AgreementEighth Annual Domestic Tax Conference18► Full-on Incorporation
/ Traditional IPO
Partnership IPO StructuresPTP/MLP vs. Up-C vs. TraditionalPTP/MLP Up-C
Traditional IPOPublicSponsor PublicSponsorHigh-
VoteShPublicSponsorPubCoSharesIPO CoPTP/MLP OpCoIPO
Co.NonqualifyingIncomeQualifyingIncomeQualifying
&NonqualifyingIncomeQualifying &NonqualifyingIncomeEighth Annual
Domestic Tax Conference19
Partnership IPO StructuresComparison of IPO StructuresPTP / MLP► Double
tax only onUP-C► Double tax on Public’sTraditional IPO► Double tax on
everythingynonqualifying (blocked)income► Asset basis step up onsales of
equity except forshare► Asset basis step up onsales of Sponsor equityy
gunless Sponsor canconsolidate► No asset basis step up onsales of
equitysales of equity, except forblocked assetssales of equityEighth Annual
Domestic Tax Conference20
Partnership IPO StructuresUp-C Structure Benefits and Considerations►
Benefits► Tax receivable agreements► Tax receivable agreements► Cash
benefit to Founders► PubCo agrees to pay the Founders a percentage
(commonly 85%) of thecash tax benefit it receives from a positive Section
743(b) adjustment (andcash tax benefit it receives from a positive Section
743(b) adjustment (andother attributes) in OpCo’s assets► Founders are still
subject to a single level of tax► Provides multiple currencies (OpCo interests
and PubCo stock) forp ( p )future acquisitions and/or executive compensation
arrangements► Considerations► Considerations► Anti-churning rules (if
PubCo is related to Founders)► Introduces greater complexity from several
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perspectives (e.g.,governance operating capital markets accounting tax)Eighth
Annual Domestic Tax Conference21governance, operating, capital markets,
accounting, tax)
Checkable Arrangements (a.k.a. VirtualIncorporations)p )Eighth Annual
Domestic Tax Conference22
Virtual incorporations► USP operates division X (“Division X”).► USP also
owns 100% of the stock ofBeginning structure► USP also owns 100% of the
stock ofOldco.► USP wants to incorporate Division X for taxreasons, but, due
to non-tax reasons (e.g.,g gUSP, , ( g ,non-transferrable assets, transfer
taxes,regulatory, etc.), USP cannot transfer theassets of Division X to another
legal entity.§ ( )OldcoDivisionX► Reg. §301.7701-3(a) provides that
a“business entity” that is not classified as acorporation (i.e., an “eligible
entity”) canelect to its classification for US federal taxOldcoXelect to its
classification for US federal taxpurposes. Division X is not an “entity”
forpurposes of the check-the-box regulations.Eighth Annual Domestic Tax
Conference23
Virtual incorporations (cont’d)► In order to obtain the benefits
of“incorporating” Division X, theContract executionUSPprofits interest
inBranchfollowing steps are taken:1. USP and Oldco enter into a
contractualarrangement, under which Oldco willshare in the economics of
Division X.Oldco► See Reg. §301.7701-1(a)(2) (“A jointventure or other
contractual arrangementmay create a separate entity for federal taxpurposes
if the participants carry on atrade, business, financial operation, ort d di id th
fit th f ”)Check-the-box electionDivisionXventure and divide the profits
therefrom.”)2. Division X elects to be treated as acorporation for US federal
tax purposes.► Same result if Division X is aUSPOldcobranch.► See, e.g.,
PLR 201305006.► “Entity” status considerations – howi ifi t?DivisionXprofits
interest Eighth Annual Domestic Tax Conference24significant?
Gone and back in 120 seconds – TaxableDistributions and Upstream
Reorganizationsp gEighth Annual Domestic Tax Conference25
Gone and back in 120 seconds► Parent is a holding company.► Sub 1 has
two lines of business (X and)ParentY).► Sub 2 has one line of business (X
only).Sub 2Sub 1X & Y X► For valid non-tax business reasons,Parent wants
only Sub 2 to operatebusiness line X.X & Y XEighth Annual Domestic Tax
Conference26
Gone and back in 120 seconds (cont’d)► Step 1: At 11:57 p.m. on Day 1,
Sub 1converts to an SMLLC pursuant toParentSub 1converts to an SMLLC
pursuant toapplicable state elective conversionstatutes.Sub 2X & Y XEighth
Annual Domestic Tax Conference27
Gone and back in 120 seconds (cont’d)Parent► Step 2: At 11:58 p.m. on
Day 1, Sub 1LLC transfers business line X directly toSub 2S1Sub 1 LLCLLC
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transfers business line X directly toSub 2 in exchange for no
consideration.XX & YXEighth Annual Domestic Tax Conference28
Gone and back in 120 seconds (cont’d)Parent► Step 3: At 11:59 p.m. on
Day 1, Sub 1LLC converts back to a corporationSub 2S1LLC converts back
to a corporationpursuant to applicable state electiveconversion statutes.Sub 1
LLCXY XEighth Annual Domestic Tax Conference29
Gone and back in 120 seconds (cont’d)Parent► Section 311(b)
distribution?► Section 332 liquidation followed by Section11:56 p.m.Sub
2Sub 1q y351 transfer?► Sideways reorganization with boot?► Upstream
reorganization?► See, e.g., PLR 201201012; PLR 201127004.XX & Y►
See, e.g., PLR 201201012; PLR 201127004.► New “technology?”► PLR vs.
opinion letter.Parent11:59 p.m.► State tax consequences.► Impact of
minority shareholder ownership ofSub 2Sub 1XYEighth Annual Domestic Tax
Conference30► Impact of minority shareholder ownership ofSub 1?
Key Divestiture Tax Concepts andComplexitiespEighth Annual Domestic Tax
Conference31
Results of Global Corporate Divestment Study ShowSignificant Planned
Divestiture Activity► Survey of 567 corporate executives representing more
than 14 industriesacross Americas, Asia Pacific, Europe, the Middle East and
Africa)► Significant findings► 46% of respondents are in the process of a
divestiture or are planning to divestwithin the next 2 yearsy► Sectors most
likely to divest include power and utilities, and consumer products► 50% of
respondents indicated that the level of preparation required for a
successfuldivestiture has increased over the past 2-3 years► 27% of
respondents found that "Determining and implementing tax planning" to be►
27% of respondents found that "Determining and implementing tax planning"
to beone of the 3 top challenges of their most recent divestiture► The other
two are: (i) negotiating TSAs, and (ii) dealing with the complexity of closing►
One of 5 key leading practices of successful divestitures is separation
planning,y g p p p g,including tax planning► The other four are: (i) portfolio
management, (ii) consider ing the full range of potentialbuyers, (iii) articulating
compelling value/growth story for each buyer, and (iv) preparingrigorously for
the divestment processEighth Annual Domestic Tax Conference32
Tax Complexities Must be Addressed Up Front toSuccessfully Divest► Tax-
Free Spinoffs► Significant lead time for IRS, SEC and/or local country
approvals► Carve-out financial statements are usually needed and are
complex especially for► Carve out financial statements are usually needed
and are complex, especially forlarge businesses and/or those operating in
multiple countries► Primary identification of tax costs and complications to
creating SpinCo often mustbe quantified and considered before a public
announcement can be madeIRS li f i i i t l tt li h tl t t d ddi t ti l► IRS policy
for issuing private letter rulings has recently contracted, adding
potentialcomplexity and risk► Divestitures, in General► If financial
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statements are needed, begin tax planning very early in process► Do not
underestimate the complexity of unwinding previously integration tax
operations and/orthe complexity of creating an efficient multinational
“Spinco”► Tax basis and valuation information needs to be sufficiently
detailed to allow for calculation ofdi t d i di t t t f ti “S i ” l l t tdirect and indirect
tax costs of creating “Spinco” legal structure► Consideration must be given
to trapped cash within “Spinco” structure and cash that maybecome trapped
as a result of sale of “Spinco” stock or assets► A multi-faceted divestiture
strategy that considers sale, joint-venture, spinoff, and/or IPO is verycomplex
but likely to produce the most successful outcomeEighth Annual Domestic
Tax Conference33complex but likely to produce the most successful outcome
Chairman Camp’s Small Business TaxReform Draft ProposalpEighth Annual
Domestic Tax Conference34
Camp Draft ProposalOverview► On March 12, 2013, House Ways and
Means Committee ChairmanDave Camp (R-MI) released a discussion draft
for reforming the taxDave Camp (R MI) released a discussion draft for
reforming the taxrules affecting small businesses.► The draft is intended to
solicit feedback from a broad range ofstakeholders practitioners economists
and members of the generalstakeholders, practitioners, economists, and
members of the generalpublic on how to improve on the proposal.► The
draft presents two options for the reform of pass-through entities► Option 1
– Retains Subchapter K and Subchapter S as separate.► Option 2 – Unified
rules for partnerships and S corporations.Eighth Annual Domestic Tax
Conference35
Camp Draft ProposalOption 1 – Revisions to Subchapters K and S►
Subchapter K revisions:► Repeal guaranteed payment rules► Repeal
guaranteed payment rules.► Require basis adjustments upon partnership
distributions of property or transfers ofinterests in a partnership.► Adjust the
limitation on a partner’s share of losses to take into account the
partner’sshare of the partnership’s charitable contributions and foreign
taxes.► Apply Section 751(b) to all inventory items, not just substantially
appreciatedinventory items.► Eliminate the current seven-year limitation on
the recognition of pre-contribution► Eliminate the current seven year
limitation on the recognition of pre contributiongains or losses on distributions
of property.Eighth Annual Domestic Tax Conference36
Camp Draft ProposalOption 1 – Revisions to Subchapters K and S►
Subchapter S revisions:► A permanent reduction in the recognition period for
the built-in gains tax under► A permanent reduction in the recognition period
for the built in gains tax underSection 1374 from 10 years to 5 years.
Correspondingly, the draft would makepermanent the rule that installment
sales are governed by the provision that wasapplicable when the sale
occurred.► Increase to 60 percent (from 25 percent) the amount of gross
receipts that an S► Increase to 60 percent (from 25 percent) the amount of
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gross receipts that an Scorporation with Subchapter C earnings and profits
may have before being subjectto the tax on excess passive investment
income.► Permit nonresident aliens to be potential current beneficiaries of
electing smallbusiness trusts (ESBTs)business trusts (ESBTs).Eighth Annual
Domestic Tax Conference37
Camp Draft ProposalOption 2 – Unified Rules for Passthroughs► This option
repeals Subchapter K and Subchapter S and replacesthem with a uniform set
of rules that apply to non-publicly tradedthem with a uniform set of rules that
apply to non publicly tradedbusinesses for Federal tax purposes regardless of
how the businessis organized for state law purposes.► Would the rules
apply to any non-public entity?► Would publicly traded partnerships be
eligible for flow-through treatment?► Transition rules?► The new rules
would:► Allow contributions of property and money on a tax-free basis.►
Maintain the passthrough nature of an entity’s items (and preserve the
character ofthose items).► Permit special allocations of only net ordinary
income or loss net capital gain or► Permit special allocations of only net
ordinary income or loss, net capital gain orloss, and tax credits (and prohibit
special allocations of individual items within eachof those three
categories).Eighth Annual Domestic Tax Conference38
Camp Draft ProposalOption 2 – Unified Rules for Passthroughs► The new
rules would (continued):► Require basis adjustments upon a distribution of
property by the passthrough entity► Require basis adjustments upon a
distribution of property by the passthrough entityor a transfer of an interest in
a passthrough entity.► Require entity-level withholding on the passthrough
entity’s income and gain with acorresponding credit for the owner’s tax
reporting.► Limit deductions for losses to an owner’s basis in his passthrough
interest but► Limit deductions for losses to an owner s basis in his
passthrough interest, butallow excess losses to be carried forward
indefinitely.► Limit tax-free distributions (of money and property) to an
owner’s basis in hispassthrough interest.► Require passthrough entities to
recognize gain on all distributions of appreciatedproperty and require owners
to take a carryover basis in the distributed property (topreserve losses in
distributed property).► Allow owners to include entity-level debt (both
recourse and non-recourse) in theiry ( )basis in their passthrough interest.►
Allow owners to be treated as employees of the business.Eighth Annual
Domestic Tax Conference39
Questions and answersEighth Annual Domestic Tax Conference40
Thanks for participatingEighth Annual Domestic Tax Conference41
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