How Social Media Has Revolutionized The Way People Live

How Social Media Has Revolutionized The Way People Live
The term social media generally refers to communication technologies and interactive platforms,
such as Facebook, Instagram or Twitter. A further definition is given by Kaplan and Haenlein
(2010) who described it as a group of Internet–based applications that allow the creation and
exchange of User Generated Content, and emphasizes that any user of social media can be a content
creator and can distribute to a network of users. In a broad term, social media is the social
interaction via online information and communication technologies
For many recruiters, utilising social media for business has become part of a strategy of human
resource management in hiring process (Madia, 2011). Internet and technology has revolutionised
the way people ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2.2.2. Social Media and Employee Voice
However, until recently, most of the organisations's social media strategy of human resource
management put emphasis on recruitment and neglect an important audience within the
organisation: their own people (CIPD, 2013). Social media could be a power tool not only for
establishing external interaction between employers and job seekers, but also for maintaining
internal relationships between employers and employees. Furthermore, technology has blurred the
physical boundaries between work and home and the recent years have seen the development of
various type of employment such as teleworkers or outsourcing (Mustafa and Gold, 2013). For
example, employees' knowledge, experience, and talent are often underutilized when a workforce is
dispersed over functional areas, departments, and the globe. Moreover, the multinational corporation
in the global community has increased dramatically which means employees might have a great
possibility to work across the globe. Given the emergence of teleworkers and global workforce, an
effective communication system plays a pivotal role in managing relationship with both traditional
and non–traditional workers within organisations. Thus, many businesses have increasingly adopted
a virtual approach to workspace (Kayworth and Leidner, 2000;
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How Do Parents Use Semi-Structured Interviews?
Method
Participants'
Participants were recruited via snowball sampling from an urban middle school in Northern
California to participate in face–to–face, semi–structured interviews. The school's parent advisor
contacted participants by phone calls. The sample included ten female parents with diverse
backgrounds. Including 6 Latina, 2 White, 1 American Indian, and 1 Asian American. The
participants were between the ages of 29 and 45 years, with an average age of 37 years. The highest
education levels of the parents ranged from some high school to a Bachelor's degree. In addition,
Translators were used to communicate effectively with parents who did not speak English.
Materials
A semi–structured interview protocol was used and included 11 questions about parents' perspective
and experiences with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They were asked if they would like to participate in an interview conducted by students from CSUS
about their experiences and perspectives at Will C Wood middle school. Students met with the
participants based on availability of the individual parents. The research took place at WCW middle
school's Family Resource Center.
After the parents arrived to the interviews, students introduced themselves and presented them a
consent form, describing the purpose and benefits of the study. It also assures them their identities
will be kept in conficiadility. The participants were recorder through the whole interviews that
ranged from 18 to 60 minutes. To guide the interviews, researchers used a set list of questions, along
with probing questions to gather more imperative information and significant details. After
completing the formal interviews, demographics questions were verbally asked. Demographic
questions included: gender, age, marital status, highest education level, and how many children. To
conclude, the participant received a debrief form and a ten–dollar gift card to thanked for their

Enterprise Data Analysis And Visualization
Enterprise Data Analysis and Visualization: An Interview Study ABSTRACT Organizations rely on
data analysts to model customer engagement, streamline operations, improve production, inform
business decisions, and combat fraud. Numerous analysis and visualization advanced tools available
for analysts to work, but there are little research goes on how analysis happens in companies. To
better understand the enterprise analysts' ecosystem, we conducted semi structured interviews with
35 data analysts from 25 organizations. Based on our interview data, we characterize the process of
industrial data analysis and document how organizational features of an enterprise impact it. We
describe recurring pain points, outstanding challenges, and barriers to adoption for visual analytic
tools. INTRODUCTION: The researchers conducted semi–structured interviews with 35 analysts
from various sectors. They asked analysts to walk them through the typical tasks they perform, the
tools analysts use, the challenges they encounter, and the organizational context in which analysis
takes place. In this paper, we present the results and analysis of these interviews. The respondents
are well–described by three archetypes. We find that these archetypes vary widely in programming
proficiency, reliance on Information technology (IT) staff and diversity of tasks, and vary less in
statistical proficiency. We describe how collaboration takes place between analysts. We find that
analysts seldom share

Business Research Proposal
How has Dove's Marketing Campaign "Real Beauty" affected how women perceive themselves
compared to celebrity women in the media today?
Business Research Methods UO5115C
Hemis Number: 440759
Degree: Marketing BA (Hons)
Seminar Tutor: Kajal Sharma
Title
How has Dove's Marketing Campaign "Real Beauty" affected how women perceive themselves
compared to celebrity women in the media today?
Research Statement
The aim of this research is to investigate how women feel about themselves and their body images
since Dove's marketing campaign "Real Beauty". Women in the media are perceived a certain way
and since the marketing campaign have ordinary women changed their opinions on how they see
celebrities.
Rationale and Research ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
125).
Looking at the social comparison theory (Festinger, 1954), "...individuals have an innate drive to
evaluate their abilities and opinions. If an objective or non–social basis for the evaluation is
unavailable, individuals tend to compare themselves to others who then serve as reference points."
Women are comparing themselves not to ordinary women walking along the street, but to celebrities
in the media and instead of being happy for themselves comparing their bodies to what the media
say is beautiful will make them insecure.
The Body Image and Self–Schema Theory can be defined as the degree of attractiveness, "...our
own internal view of how we look, how we think we appear to others, and how we feel about our
looks" (Thompson et al., 1999, p. 3). People may be found attractive by others but when they look at
themselves they have a negative body image. When a woman has a negative body image this is
known as body image disturbance. Body image disturbance can include affective (e. g. anxiety),

cognitive (e. g. expectations), behavioural (e. g. avoiding situations that expose the body), and
perceptual (e. g. overestimation of one's body size) features and its levels may range from none to
extremely high with most individuals falling somewhere in the middle. (Thompson et al., 1999, p.
7).
Revlon use celebrities such as Halle Berry to sell their products and Dove, "...which pioneered the
use of non–models in its

Semi-Structured Interview Essay
Interviews are conversations which will take place between the researcher and interviewee, with the
researcher being the one who asks the questions for the interviewee to answer (Lambert, 2012,
p104). For my small scale project, I have decided that I will carry out semi–structured interviews
with those who work in the education sector of the Castle Museum to find out what they do and how
they promote children's learning.
I think a semi–structured interview will be good for my own research project as I will have a set
structure of questions that I would like to discuss. This will include all of the most important points
that I would like to cover, to ensure I do not miss them out. There will also be space to discuss
topics in more detail, or to ask ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This style of interview will allow room to cover issues in depth if needed, and will give me the
opportunity to probe into certain issues that I would like to know more information about. Probing is
a tool used for ensuring reliability of the data, as it enables the interviewer to clarify with the
respondent any words or phrases that they may not fully understand (Barriball and While ,1994,
p331). Semi–structured interviews gives the interviewer the chance to be flexible in what they want
to ask their participant by not having to follow any specific order.
Lambert argues that there are disadvantages to using semi–structured interview, as the interviewee
may go onto another topic without realizing, resulting to this style of interview being hard to keep
on track (2012, p105). As well as this, as semi–structured interview allows freedom for further
questions, this could result to important questions being missed due to running out of

Methodology And Methods Of An Methodology
Methodology and methods
Methodology
The chosen methodology for this project is a case study. The term methodology is an overall
approach for a particular study (Sim and Wright, 2000). Case studies have been described as
collecting small qualitative data (Gerring, 2007) focused on narrow, in–depth examinations of
chosen topics (Savin–Baden and Major, 2012). This chosen methodology works well with my
interpretivist paradigm approach whereby I intend to explore the viewpoint of one participant
(Baxter and Jack, 2008) and depict the issues they encounter as a teacher. It is also beneficial to my
project as it is a pilot study therefore is on a small scale and likely to provide in depth data which
could be applicable to others (Merriam, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To be able to explore different areas of inquiry and have valuable data from my interview I will need
to encourage my participant to talk freely and to feel relaxed when responding to my questions
(Clough and Nutbrown, 2007). By collecting this data this way I will be addressing my research
question (Sim and Wright, 2000).
As my research question is an exploratory one carrying out a semi–structured interview is beneficial
to my work because I intend gain insight and understanding to the issues teachers face. However, an
issue with my chosen method is it will take place over the phone. This limits my data and I because
my participant may not feel comfortable opening up without face–to–face interaction. However this
may benefit my work as the phone can be a comfort for them.
Due to this project being a small–scale pilot study, the paper requires only one example of a data
collection method. As a result of this I am limited as I only have the opportunity to interview my
participant once (Newbury, 2009). In spite of this, the loose structure of the interview can cover all
topics which are vital to my research (Bell,2010). I will also have the advantage of taking my time
during the interview. By carrying out a semi–structured interview I can ask questions which I may
not have initially intended to ask. The conversation will not follow a strict structure nor time scale
therefore allows my

Chapter Three : Research Methodology
Chapter Three: Research Methodology 3.1 Introduction Having recognized the theoretical
framework in relation to the research purpose, the following procedure is to identify, analyze and
evaluate research techniques required for data collection. In order to meet the objectives set out by
this study, one must ensure that the appropriate research methods have been adopted. This chapter
critically analyses the available research methods; while providing justification for the approach
used in this research. The research methodology of this study will be built around Saunders et al.
(2007) framework; the 'Onion Model' (Figure 1), which shows highlights a number of philosophical
approaches. Figure 1: Saunders' onion model of research philosophy (Source: Saunders: et al. 2009).
3.2 Research Philosophy An interpretivist research philosophy has been adopted throughout this
study, as the challenges of small business remain a subjective matter, which differ from one person
to another. Interpretivism draws on the importance of understanding and interpreting the
participants' actions and social world from their point of view (Bryman & Bell, 2007). This study
emphasis on understanding the challenges in small business in contrast to predicting the challenges
which would otherwise require a positivist stance, hence a positivist philosophy was avoided.
Positivists believe that research should be undertaken in a value–free way; by simply searching for
facts in order to test hypothesis

Semi-Structured Interview
As previously mentioned, this study included a preliminary questionnaire and semi–structured
interviews. All participants read and signed informed consent forms, then interview times were
scheduled. All interviews last approximately one hour. Participants were asked to reflect as well as
be descriptive about the process of becoming a successful entrepreneur. Participants were asked to
consider the resources, benefits, and networks through social cohesion that made certain economic
achievements available. Within forty–eight hours of the interview, data was transcribed and coded
from the voice recorder. The interview method was a semi–structured face–to–face interview
environment using open–ended questions. As it pertains to the data analysis, the researcher used the
raw verbatim transcripts of each interview. The transcripts are marked for similar passages of text
with a code so that they could be retrieved easily ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Saldana (2009) a code in qualitative inquiry is most often a word or phrase that assigns
a salient, cohesive and/or evocative attributes to language based or visual data. When it comes to
exploring the research question of social capital among Black women who have experienced
economic mobility, the researcher chose the effective method to consider how subjective qualities of
human experience affect the core motives to human action, reaction, and interaction (Saldana). The
researcher chose value and causation coding for the first cycle coding, because it allows a
comparison within consistent and emerging patterns of values among each participant. The social
capital theory also guided the researcher into choosing value coding to see how the paradigms of
social networks, resources, and needs affected values and behaviors. When it comes to

The Dual Diagnosis Service Users Essay
Methodology
This section will provide the rationale of the methods employed and highlight how the study will be
performed. The study will examine the dual diagnosis service users with the sample size identified,
data collection method and its analysis will be offered.
Research Approach
This study draws on an array of evidence based literature to promote positive behaviour amongst
dual diagnosis service users. An examination of the research literature was used to inform the design
of the study and the research questions. The research approach influences the study's entire
formation and its outcome will be dependent on the approach used (Silva et al, 2015). The research
purpose is to formulate a research question and follow a plan to adequately answer it (Maltby et al,
2014). A selected research approach depends on the question being examined, Parahoo (2014).
Within research, there exist three identified approaches namely qualitative, quantitative and mixed
methods.
This study will utilise a qualitative approach to obtain dual diagnosis service users perspective on
minimising violent and aggressive behaviour. I will use focus groups to collect data from the
patients and interview staff using semi structured questionnaires. This will permit me to examine the
perspectives and experiences of dual diagnosis service users and staff as argued by Newell and
Burnard (2006).
Qualitative research places emphasis on the importance and understanding of values and depth of
meaning,

Interviews On Interviews Can Be Interviewed Essay
Interviews can be
1. Unstructured
1. Can be referred to as 'depth ' or 'in depth ' interviews
2. They have very little structure at all
3. The interviewer may just go with the aim of discussing a limited number of topics, sometimes as
few as just one or two
4. The interviewer may frame the interview questions based on the interviewee and his/her previous
response
5. This allows the discussion to cover areas in great detail
6. They involve the researcher wanting to know or find out more about a specific topic without there
being a structure or a preconceived plan or expectation as to how they will deal with the topic
2. Semi structured
1. Semi structured interviews are sometimes also called focused interviews
2. A series of open ended questions based on the topic areas the researcher wants to cover
3. A series of broad questions to ask and may have some prompts to help the interviewee
4. 'The open ended nature of the question defines the topic under investigation but provides
opportunities for both interviewer and interviewee to discuss some topics in more detail '
5. Semi structured interviews allow the researcher to promt or encourage the interviewee if they are
looking for more information or find what they are saying interesting
6. This method gives the researcher the freedom to probe the interviewee to elaborate or to follow a
new line of inquiry introduced by what the interviewee is saying
7. Work best when the interviewed has a number of areas he/she wants to be

Midwifery Care Shortage Essay
Introduction
There is a predicted midwifery workforce shortage (The Department of Health, 2013). To address
this, the Australian Government has been implementing measures to support midwives to work to
their full scope of practice including increasing midwifery care in community settings (Department
of Health and Ageing, 2010).
This research proposal aims to understand and interpret metropolitan hospital based lived experience
of providing extramural midwifery care after hospital based midwifery experience.
From this understanding any issues that impact negatively on midwives may be identified and the
risk mitigated.
Contextual review
The majority of maternity care is provided within a hospital setting and within a medical model
(Owens, et al., 2016).
The Australian Government policy is to increase women's access to midwifery care within their
local community (Department of Health and Ageing, 2010) however the majority of publically
employed metropolitan midwives are siloed into discrete areas of practice (antenatal, birthing,
postnatal care and home visiting). Providing care outside of a hospital setting is new to many
metropolitan Australian midwives.
Literature review
A literature review was undertaken in August and September 2016 through Queensland University
of Technology (QUT) library service to ascertain if this experience has been studied and to identify
other similar studies and how they were designed.
The first search used the key words: midwife experiences

Semi Structured Interview Essay
Teijlingen (2014), assert that semi structured interviews "consists of predetermined questions where
every participant gets the same key question asked. However, on the other hand there is flexibility in
how the questions are asked and what follow up or probing to use" (p.20). Similarly, Clifford,
French and Valentine (2010), describes semi structured interview "as a verbal interchange where one
person, the interviewer attempts to elicit information from another person by asking questions"
(p.103). Furthermore, the use of semi structured interview unfolds in a conversational manner which
offers participants the chance to explore issues they feel are important regardless of the already
predetermined questions prepared by the researcher. Additionally,

Semi-Structured Interview Analysis
The interview followed a semi–structured interview design. The adoption of this technique not only
allowed multiple questions that would delve into the athlete's thoughts but it also brought about the
ability for probing questions to be asked. Therefore, enhancing the chances of gathering a higher
volume of information conjoined with more detailed explanations as to why the athlete thought he
used certain techniques. Throughout the interview it quickly became evident that the athlete was
focused on winning. Portraying himself as outcome orientated (Duda, Olson & Templin, 1991), by
placing his ego above performance through the choice of wanting to win, even if it meant he
performed badly. The interview started with the sharing of some information ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
However, once the initial opening questions were completed, nerves quickly settled, this was partly
due to the fact that the interview technique allowed for myself to ask the interviewee to expand on
certain points. Therefore, pressing focus not on to my delivery but the actual details and
explanations of the interviewees answers. In the evaluation of the interview, I would say that I
produced well executed links between the athlete's verbal answers and his answers produced in
TOPS–2, whilst also avoiding any reliance on the TOPS–2 results by withholding some information
and seeing if the interviewees answers matched up with the TOPS–2. However, I felt my nerves
were unfortunately allowed to impact my initial interviewing prowess, which led to possible
opportunities at the beginning where the athlete could have elaborated on certain points, being
missed. The interview as a whole I feel went well. I gained a variety of information about the
athlete, which included pieces that I could have not otherwise learnt purely from analysis the TOPS–
2 scores. In hindsight, it was never going to be the perfect example of how to conduct yourself as an
interviewer, in the context of presenting the correct balance between set questions and questions that
delve for more detail. These questions could have also had a stronger relationship to future events.
Although I briefly touched on his immediate next match, I could have had the athlete expand on
why he knew he would be using imagery and which other performance factors would be present. In
the future, my interview technique will be supported by a larger number of set questions and
therefore, I feel this would cause a positive impact on my nerves previous to the interview.

Semi-Structured Interview Questions
Semi Structured Interview Questions: 1. What are some common one on one activates you and your
partner do together? How often do you get alone time? 2. Do you typically talk about your day?
What do you talk about when discussing your day? 3. When telling your partner about your day or
how you're feeling, what are common words exchanged, behaviors, interactions? 4. In what ways do
you provide support for your partner? In your opinion is the amount of support you provide enough?
5. How does your partner react when you provide support? 6. Does your partner seek support often?
What situations cause your partner to seek support? 7. How often do you seek support? In what
situations? 8. What type of support does your partner provide you? ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Those with insecure attachments tend to have lower relationship satisfaction compared to those who
are securely attached. Those who have a secure attachment style provide a caregiving role, their
behaviors are responsive and sensitive, non–controlling and show interest during interactions.
Secures are affectionate with touch, enjoy physical contact (intimate & sexual) and are willing to
ask for support. Individuals with an insecure anxious attachment are more self–focused and always
looking for approval and support from their partner regardless of low and high stress situations.
Anxious attachment individuals are also over caring and hyper vigilant. Lastly, individuals with an
avoidant attachment value independence and have low levels of self–disclosure. Avoidant
individuals are less likely to use touch to express affection and are uncomfortable with intimate
sexual contact. In short, being aware of your attachment style and your partners can shed light on
marital conflict and possible solutions and corrective behaviors to better marital

Evaluation Of A Semi Structured Interview
Analysis of Results In order to meet the study objectives, in addition to the case study, a semi–
structured interview was conducted using non–random sampling. As respondents of the interview
had to have particular characteristics such as ability to value property and knowledge about the
property market, estate agents were contacted. A total of 7 interviews were conducted with estate
agents in the West Hampstead/Kilburn area. The interviews lasted approximately 10 minutes. The
participants were as follows: Table 2: Participants Participant Company 1 Maygrove Estates 2
Hunters 3 Foxtons 4 Foxtons 5 Dutch and Dutch 6 Plasso 7 Plasso All the participants had between
6 months to 6 years of experience of being an estate agent. As stated previously, recording the
interviews was not allowed due to confidentiality reasons therefore there might be a slight bias in
the responses as they were written by the interviewer and not transcribed. For each question the
analysis involved coding the answer by placing it into a category. Once the categories were
established they were placed into a table and the frequency of each was recorded. The method of
analysis is a descriptive method of frequency distribution. For each question a table of the frequency
of distribution is presented together with a bar chart followed by an analysis of the results and
discussion. The raw data is available in the Appendix 7. Section 1: Understanding sustainability
Question 1. In your opinion do buyers

Benefits And Disadvantages Of Services For Children And...
Researching Childhood
Macdonald, W., Bradley, S., Bower, P., Kramer, T., Sibbald, B., Garralda, E., and Harrington, R.
(2010) 'Primary mental health workers in child and adolescent mental health services.' Journal of
Advanced Nursing, Vol: 46(1), pp.78–87
The article that will be critiqued is a study conducted to find out the process of implementation of
primary mental health services. The author completed this study to develop understanding: about the
advantages and disadvantages of services for children and adolescents. The motive for this study
was down to previous research suggesting, 15–20% of children and adolescents suffer from
emotional disorders (Fink et al, 2015). Macdonald et al (2010), alleged mental health care systems
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The anti–rational approach leaves only a slight room for criticism and reflection (Strimpel, 2008).
The researchers followed the exploratory approach, as they previously carried out a study so they
had already confirmed their outcome, however, this study looked further into it by asking
participants what they think. The exporter approach allows flexibility in experiments, and
confirmatory use pre–specified designs, and hypothesis (Kimmelman, Mogil & Dirnagl, 2014).
Exploratory studies, support confirmatory, as it precisely produces' methodologies to support the
researcher 's hypothesis (Kimmelman, Mogil & Dirnagl, 2014). If the author carried out this study,
they would have followed the rationalist approach to get the insider perspectives of others, rather
than the outside facts of child services. Correspondingly, following exploratory approach as it
provides new information the author had not previously researched, improving future outcomes for
services, by offering new ideas for services.
The findings of the data were valid as it captured what their aims were (Hardicre, 2014),
nevertheless, the participant 's knowledge limited them to answer current service provisions,
therefore, the findings cannot be an accurate summary of what is available. Using semi–structured
interviews were a suitable way of getting data from participants as they were able to answer 'most'
of the questions to the best of their knowledge,

Exploratory Study
3.2 Data collection
Data was collected for this research project from both primary and secondary sources. The primary
source used was the data collection method of semi–structured interviews. As this research project is
an exploratory study, the use of semi–structured interviews was used to gain insights from experts
from TJG on the research question of market entry strategies for PA entering the UK (Saunders,
Lewis & Thornhill 2016). Secondary sources used included government websites, journal articles,
newspapers and retail industry journals.
Table 3 lists nine key personnel within TJG involved with the PA and Smiggle brands who were
interviewed. Individual consent was obtained prior to conducting the interview with signed copies
included in Appendix 3.
Table 3: Interviewees
Title Name
Managing Director – PA Judy Coomber
Creative Director – PA Peter Alexander
General Manager Retail – PA Gerri Fleming
Planning Manager – PA Greg Clark
Marketing Manager – PA Kieron Bastard
Managing Director – Smiggle John Cheston
Finance Manager – Smiggle Ben Lyon
Global Head of Property Josh Molloy
General Manager – Supply Chain and Logistics Greg Cookson
Source: Created by the author.
The interview questions (included in Appendix 1) relate to the focus and objectives of the project by
commencing with a broad open question tied directly back to the research question asking the
participants which market entry mode they believe would be the most suitable for PA to enter the
UK and

Reliability And Validity Of Interviews Essay
Then turn to interviews. Interviews are classed as a qualitative research method and remain one of
the most utilised research methods in industrial and HRM research. Whipp (1998, p.55) notes that
"The interview is the primary means of accessing the experiences and subjective views of actors".
The main advantage of the interviews is that the rich data can be obtained from an interview.
According to White (1989) the research into solicitor's perceptions of ACAS was relatively easy to
set up and forty interviews are completed for five months. It is necessary to use interviews to gain
more detailed, in–depth explanations from participants, which may provide a much better
understanding of their perceptions and actions. On the other hand, The time consuming nature of
preparing, arranging, conducting and writing up interview, which refers to that it is probable only a
limited number of research participants can be interviewed within a short time period may be the
biggest disadvantage of the interviews.
There are three main formats of the interviews, which are structured interviews, non–standard
interviews and the last ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, the information will be provided about use of data, and the information will be kept
safely and not provided to other parties. Punch (1998, p.166) states that "An understanding of this
area needs to be rooted in knowledge of a number of studies that have given rise to moral and
ethical questions". The reliability and validity of any research conducted are clearly of importance.
Reliability is a less problematic concept, which for the purposes of small–scale research projects,
can be addressed through careful design of interview or survey questions to reduce ambiguities. Bell
(2010, p.119) states that "validity is an altogether more complex concept". Validity is more
complicated since it is harder to establish whether fieldwork research can paint a true picture of
what is being

Job Motivation And Salary Satisfaction
The wages for employees in child day care are not high in comparison to other professions (Van Der
Kwartel et al., 2007). When employees are content with their salary, they are likely subject to mental
agreements (Lee & Lin, 2014). Job motivation and salary satisfaction are feelings that can inspire
employees and drive forces in competitive returns for organizations (Lee & Lin, 2014). Mental
agreement signifies the expectation of the staff towards the organization and the expectation of the
organization towards the staff (Schein, 1980). Over a third of childcare staff leaves their jobs
annually in order to earn a better living (Whitebook, 1999). Igalens and Roussel's (1999) study
measured and compared the impact of compensation on job satisfaction and work motivation of
exempt (269) and nonexempt (297) employees. The findings revealed that fixed pay could have a
positive influence on job satisfaction on the principles of internal and external equity. Internal equity
refers to employees' perception of their fixed pay as fair in relation to their contributions to their
organization, compared to other employees in the company used as a reference. External equity
denotes to employees feeling of being treated fairly, compared to other employees outside their
organization (Igalens & Roussel). Heneman and Schwab (1985) defined salary satisfaction as the
degree to which employees were satisfied with their current salary. Employees compared the efforts
they made with the salary they

Advantages Of Semi-Structured Interview
When choosing the most effective research method, you must first decide on the kind of answers
you are searching for. A quantitative method will find answers that are easily measured and follow
trends and patterns. The qualitative method, however, leads to answers that explore differences in
meanings and contexts. This essay will explore semi–structured interviews, a qualitative method that
identifies themes and responses from preset open questions. The method is utilised for its
opportunity to present rich information and answers that would not be found in a formally structured
interview. The success of this method is reliant on the quality of its key elements, as well as the
assumption of integrity with both participants and research team. Because these factors are never
guaranteed, this essay will discuss how semi–structured interviews may operate to create credible
research and where limitations will lie.
The semi–structured interview is a research method that collects qualitative data from a set of open
questions and conversation. It's flexibility separates itself from the quantitative methods in
surveying and standardised interviewing (Bryman, 2012). Instead of quickly sortable data, semi–
structured interviews gather information that emphasise the themes and new ideas. The method
structure is very flexible, with only a brief guide to direct the interviews. While quantitative methods
generally reflect the researchers ideas, semi–structured interviews inquire more into

Open-Ended Interview Essay
Interview
Interviewing is one of the specified form of communication between a consenting person for a
Specific purpose associated with some agreed subject matter. Therefore, the interview is a highly
purposeful task that goes beyond ordinary conversation and involves several approaches (Johnson &
Christensen, 2008). This study will use a type of interview called the interview guide approach or
semi–structured open–ended interview. In an interview guide approach, topics and issues to be
covered are specified in advance in outline form, and the interviewer decides sequence and
wordings (Johnson & Christensen, 2008).
The participants in the study will be involved in interviews that occurred during nonteaching hours
or after school. These interviews

Charmaz: Semi-Structured Interview
Charmaz (2014) highlighted the importance of recognizing the researcher as a inquiry instrument,
given that the "researcher's position, privileges, perspective, and interactions" are "an inherent part
of the research reality" (p. 12). Second, prior to beginning the interview, participants completed a
demographic questionnaire (Appendix B). This questionnaire asked for information on their
classification in college, age, gender, major, self–identification of race/ethnicity, birthplace, parents'
level of educational attainment, and the number of their siblings who have entered higher education.
Semi–Structured Interview. Participants completed a semi–structured interview, and a semi–
structured interview guide was used to gather data from participants.

Nutritional Knowledge : An Interpretative Phenomenological...
Nutritional Knowledge: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis on the lived experience of
vegan
ID: 21261783
Abstract This study describes a phenomenological research which was conducted to investigate the
lived experience of vegan. Semi–structured interviews were conducted with two participants. Both
interviewees were vegans for more than two years; participants were between 20–30 years old.
Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), there were identified four primary themes
representing the lived experience of vegan: 1) vegan dietary have a positive influence on health, 2)
vegan dietary can have a negative influence on health, 3) vegan disappointment in society because
of lack of knowledge, 4) being a vegan can awaken ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In one of the studies were named several of illnesses which can be reduced by living as a vegan. To
the list of possible disease which can be reduced includes heart disease. Unfortunately BMD and the
risk of bone fracture on concern list, as a result of not knowing what human body needs (Winstone
J. Craig 2009) This study back up current study findings that being a vegan can lead to great health
benefits or to negative consequences followed because of lack of knowledge. Vegan diet is useful
not just for physical health but also and for mental. Participants results from the study, which
purpose was to check are vegan diet affects health related quality of life and does it increases work
productivity, were significant. Participants were satisfied with their diet; also they improved on
physical aspects, mental health and other positive aspects (I. Katcher 2010). This study results also
back up current study results that by becoming vegan with appropriate nutrition energy level
increases, simply it is necessarily to have knowledge. To gain more detailed information for current
study were used qualitative research method. Participants had opportunity to express their lived
experience in their own words. Which exactly and was the aim of the study, to investigate the lived
experience of vegan.
Method
Design
This study used qualitative research method – Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis followed
by Semi structured Interview. IPA

Semi-Structured Interview
The researchers have provided a clear reason where they have conducted their study by choosing a
single metropolitan hospital in UK and recruited their participants from that area that aimed to
acquire perceptions from the participants about dignity in a healthcare setting. At the same time,
determine the participants experiences in a changing cultural attitude for older people. (words 58)
Furthermore, the researchers have obviously stated and justified that data was meaningfully
gathered using a semi–structured interview where prompts and probing questions techniques were
used to guide the participants. According to Wilson (2012) that 'semi–structured interviews allow for
more flexibility. They involve having a set of guiding questions that

Semi Structured Interviews
This research will be processed by using qualitative methods, specifically semi–structured interview.
Semi–structured interviews are a valuable research method when focus of the study is exploring
meanings and subjective perceptions (Gilham, 2000). Furthermore, semi–structured interview is
appropriate when the focus of research is primarily on gaining insights and disclosure of personal
experiences or meanings.
This research will be designed to gather information about the mothers of child aged 0–5 who has
been fostered at young age. It will be focused on sharing their experiences as a foster child, how
they would want to rear their children, what was most difficult being a raised by non–biological
parents, and how they would want to establish bonding with their child. If they feel their certain
behaviour to the child is caused due to personal foster history. The mothers with at least one pre–
school child will receive an invitation to engage in the study. The population sample size will be
determined by the constraints of limited resources, the number of interviews to be managed and the
time and resources available (Bryman, 2012). The participants will be selected to establish range of
wide spectrum including age, ethnicity, socio–economic, and kin and non–kin placement to provide
consequential meanings through interviews. From this cohort, 12 mothers of children who may be
risk of poor attachment development will be hoped for this research. Number of interviews will be

Oral Health Among Korean Older Adults
Title: Using CBPR Methods to Address Oral Health among Korean Older Adults
1. Significance:
The proposed research, which uses Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR) methods,
builds on Dr. Ahluwalia's existing work with homebound older adults, which seeks to inform oral
health policy for New York City home delivered meal recipients in New York City (NYC). The
proposed research will focus on working with the Korean community in NYC to understand oral
health needs among Korean older adults, and to use the data collected to inform the development of
oral health–related interventions for this population.
A recent review of the oral health literature indicates that there are few studies that document oral
health needs among Koreans in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, the goal of this project is to use CBPR methods to collaborate with partners in the Korean
community to address oral health among a particularly vulnerable subset of the Korean community
– older adults who may have significant medical, cognitive and functional co–morbidities, and who
may find it difficult to navigate the oral and health care systems due to challenges associated with
language, transportation and culture. By working with KCS, we hope to improve the visibility of
oral health in the Korean community, and to leverage the potential of the collaboration to address
oral health in other Korean groups e.g. children and family. CBPR methods are an effective way to
achieve this goal because they require working closely with KCS, the community partner, and seek
to enhance the capacity of the community, thus enhancing the potential sustainability of future
intervention programs. The proposed research can potentially impact approximately 5000 Korean
seniors through KCS.
The proposed research builds on Dr. Kavita Ahluwalia's continuing CBPR project titled 'Oral health
and nutrition in NYC HDM recipients '. I have been working with Dr.Ahluwalia on this project for
the past year. I want to extend and apply what I have

The Effects Of Prolonged And Violent Conflict On The...
Research Plan
The proposed budget is £75,000. This will cover costs and overheads associated with the design,
implementation and completion of the study. Overheads will include the employment of 1 research
assistant (£25,000) and the principle researcher wage (£25,000).
The proposed timeframe is 12 months.
A preliminary timescale is as followed:
January – March: Research/ Design & Planning
April – July: Interviews
August – November: Data Coding & Analysis
November – December: Editing
Methodology
Research Questions
1. What was the impact of prolonged and violent conflict on the mental health of male politically
motivated (first time offender, life–sentence) prisoners and prison staff at HMP Maze, 1968–1998?
(This includes the violent conflict that may have affected prisoners before coming to prison; the
violent conflict that often erupted in prison; and the violent conflict that affected prison officers as a
result of their occupation)
2. What does this cohort reveal about other prison populations arising from political, quasi–political
or paramilitary conflict?
3. What can our research tell us about modes of adaptation to long–term imprisonment?
4. Can we develop insights into the dynamics of the staff–inmate relationship that may be relevant to
the study of other closed institutions?
Research Methods
The proposed methodology is a primary qualitative approach of semi–structured interviews. This
method has been chosen as the focus of this

The Process Of The Semi Structured Interview
The process of the semi–structured interview was to find participants willing to be interviewed
about cheating. Once I found my participants I recorded our conversations whilst asking them
questions from my already prepared list of questions. I followed the list as I saw fit, mostly
following the questions, but breaking away a little depending on how the conversation flowed and
always going back to my original questions. The domain that was studied were college aged
students, ages 18–25, who were primarily UConn students. College students are seen as a major
demographic for cheating, so by conducting these interviews we are able to see what college
students really think about cheating and whether or not they are viewed correctly in society. In this
study there were a total of 27 participants. 15 of the participants were female and 12 were male. The
ages ranged from 19–25.
My process of finding themes in the data was to start by reading each transcript fully until I started
to see where people talked the mosts and brought up the most interesting points. Then I would read
more transcripts focusing on those questions. From there I found multiple themes that occurred in
many of the transcripts, then I narrowed them down to the four major themes that I wanted to
discuss in my paper. For first theme is how widespread cheating is. Most people have had
experience with cheating. Even if they never cheated or been cheated on, they know people who
have cheated or been cheated on.

Semi-Structured Interviews
5) Methods and Ethics
The proposed research study will be semi–structured interviews. According to Bernard (1988) it is
the best used method, when wanting to interview several interviewees to collect valuable data.
Using this method gives a clear guide of instructions of the interview, it provides a reliable,
comparable source of qualitative data, when starting to draw the findings together. Semi– structured
interviews will be used because as the researcher, the purpose of the research is to gain an
understanding of identifying 'talent' in males aged 18 and above. This will be done by interviewing
just male scouts and coaches, and looking at their perceptions on what they believe 'talent' is.
Bernard (1988) suggests the benefits of using semi– ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Regarding to the dissertations ethics, it is a sensitive topic to be examining, as this study is a study
that is interacting with its participant. As a researcher it is vital that when interviewing the coaches
and scouts, that their names and personal information isn't shared or talked about, when gathering
the data after collecting it. Bootle et al (2012) suggests that semi– structured interviews have the
chance of being sensitive to its participants, this can make interviews emotionally intense. So
making sure the interviewee isn't feeling pressured to answer the questions, a making sure allowing
time for a concise answer to the questions being addressed.
Another issue could be the amount of access to data that the interviewee gives, it's vital that an
interviewer asks open questions as this gives the interviewee the opportunity to reveal more
information about the topic than what they would when using closed questions, giving the potential
to discover more than initially asked for. By using this method and approach the interviewee will
hopefully feel less pressured to answering the specific questions that are set out, and the interview
will come across as more conversational which may relax the

Methods And Results Of Local Government 's Performance...
RESEARCH METHOD
Approach.
This chapter discusses the methodology of the thesis. As mentioned, this thesis mainly uses
qualitative data collected via literature and document review, and semi–structured interviews to
answer the research questions. This is because the qualitative approach is more suitable to "provide
a great deal of descriptive details...emphasizes on process...[and] is concerned with explanations"
(Bryman, 2004, pp. 280–281), which is essential to examine the process and results of local
government's performance measurement.
Focus and Locus.
This research is focused on answering and identifying the problems involved in the research
questions. The relationship between the research questions and supporting methods, which are later
explained in detail, is illustrated as follows:
Indonesia is currently a democratic country with three tiers of government: central government;
provincial government; and local government. At the lower level, there are 34 provinces and 508 (as
of 2014) local governments. There are two types of local government across Indonesia: 1)
Kabupaten (district), and 2) Kota (city). In the past (before Reformasi), provincial and local
governments were simply an extension of the central government at the regional and local level.
Government policies and programs were determined by central government. As the result, the
Gubernur (Head of Province) and the Bupati/Walikota (Head of Kabupaten/Kota), directly
appointed by the president, were

Analysis: The Unstructured Clinical Interview
The Unstructured Clinical Interview by Karyn Dayle Jones; 2010 by the American Counseling
Association. Journal of Counseling & Development. Spring 2010. Volume 8
Part I In this paper, published by the Journal of Counseling & Development, Jones states "The initial
interview is the most fundamental area of counselor training; it is the beginning of every counseling
relationship and the cornerstone of assessment." There are three types of clinical interviews
unstructured, semistructured, and structured. Clinical interviews are questions asked by the
counselor to diagnose DSM–IV–TR disorders. The unstructured clinical interview is the most
commonly used interview, despite its weakness in accuracy of diagnoses. Unstructured interviews
require ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I like structure. I like knowing that I am following a process that has been studied, tested and proven
to give accurate results. Probably the happy median for me at this point would be a semistructured
interviewing style. I like semistructured interviewing because you can have the best of both worlds.
The semi–structured interview method of interviewing that combines a pre–determined set of open
questions (which prompt discussions) while also giving the counselor the opportunity to explore
particular answers or client's responses

Extended Communication Analysis Project
Extended Communication Analysis Project: Part 3
My object during this course was a short video commercial with thematic line of "More Rice" with
implicit meaning that when someone serving you with rice and asks you for serving with more rice
it means that he/she wants to spent more time with you or he/she really take care of you. The title of
video commercial was "Heartwarming, Chinese New Year" with a social message of re–generating
love and affection for working mothers who serve their children well and always care for their
health and education, grow them up and make them able to compete in the world for a better life
style and future. Denotative descriptions and connotative readings later studied in context with
scholarly written articles especially Amy Tan's Mother Tongue world famous story (Tan, Amy,
1991). There were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Visual parts of the object, story and other features and Amy Tan's Mother tongue lead to explore
scholarly to answer the question that, which one possesses strong potential for communicating
feelings and emotions; formal communication or gestures of love?. The second question is also
related with communication within family and its long lasting impact on growing children and later
in their professional life to connect the dots from phases of their life. The question is, whether
children in their mature age can connect dots from their past to conclude and convert them into
meaningful action? Interviews and focus group approach will be used to collect data from the
working professionals of 25 to 30 years whom mothers were working in their early childhood. The
respondents will be shown the video object studied in previous assignments so that it makes them
easier to recall their early childhood life. Semi structured interviews will be conducted to collect
data to answer the first two questions. The data will be analyzed based on the three communications
patterns described in annotative

Disadvantages Of A Semi-Structured Interview
1. Definitions
"A semi–structured interview is a verbal interchange where one person, the interviewer, attempts to
elicit information from another person by asking questions" (Longhurst, 2012, p. 103).
A semi–structured interview is a qualitative research method that involves oral communication with
individuals in a way that is self–conscious and based on a partially structured methodological course
(Longhurst, 2012,pagina?).
"The semi–structured interview is a qualitative data collection strategy in which the researcher asks
informants a series of predetermined but open–ended questions"(Ayres, 2008, p. 810).
2. Theoretical background
During the last decades, geographers have shown an increased scientific interest for qualitative
research ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(2014). Utilizarea metodelor calitative de cercetare în Geografia Regională [Using Qualitative
Research Methods in Regional Geography].Geographia Napocenis, 8(1), 19–36.
Kasabov, E. (2015), Investigating Difficulties and Failure in Early–Stage Rural Cooperatives
through a Social Capital Lens.European Urban and Regional Studies, 1–22. DOI:
10.1177/0969776415587121
Kitchin, R.,&Tate, N.J. (2000).Conducting Research into Human Geography. Edinburgh Gate:
Pearson.
Longhurst, R. (2012). Semi–structured Interviews and Focus Groups. In N. Clifford, S. French, &
G. Valentine (eds.),Key Methods in Geography, second edition (pp. 103–115). London: Sage.
McDowell, L. (2010). Chapter 9: Interviewing: Fear and Liking in the Field. In D. DeLyser, S.
Herbert, S. Aitken, M. Crang, & L. McDowell (eds.),The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative
Geography(pp. 156–171). London: Sage.
Tatham, M. (2014), Same Game but More Players? Sub–national Lobbying in an Enlarged
Union.Regional & Federal Studies, 24(3), 341–361. DOI: 10.1080/13597566.2014.911735
Wong, C. (1998). Determining Factors for Local Economic Development: The Perception of
Practitioners in the North–West and Eastern Regions of the UK.Regional Studies, 32(8), 707–720.
DOI:

Jimmy Savile Interview Analysis
INTERVIEW ANALYSIS The interview consisted of one participant. I have conducted a semi–
structure with this interview, detailing the representations of how CSA is portrayed by the media.
The interviewee was given four different media articles, majority of the media items focused on the
Jimmy Savile scandal and just a small mention of historic CSA: (Historical Child Abuse: Key
Investigations by the BBC, Sexual Abuse Inquiry: Investigation into Jimmy Savile's years of abuse
at the BBC delayed for a third time by the Independent, Jimmy Savile: Timeline of his sexual abuse
and its uncovering by the Guardian and Scotland Yard accuses the BBC of hampering its
investigations into historical child sexual abuse by the Telegraph). "I instantly feel a wave of dread
flow through me when I think of a young innocent child possibly going through a harassment
ordeal, usually molested by an adult male. However, paedophile is the first thing that comes to mind
when thinking of child sexual abuse." ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They aim to induce fear, contempt and a feeling of caution throughout the public, often making out
the cases are much more prevalent, which in real life they are not." This quotes suggests how most
media items publicised consists majority of male perpetrator. It is hardly mentioned in the media of
a female CSA perpetrator. The media entails such empathy towards the victim, as mentioned by the
interviewee, a child victim is perceived as "young and naïve", and the media gathers images of
children in their school uniform, highlighting an innocent imagery. In the case of Jimmy Savile
scandal, the media exposes the image throughout the articles, reminding the readers of not what he
only done but the face of disgust when seeing an image of Jimmy

The Impact Of Marketing On Consumer 's Choice And Behavior...
Methodology Literature Review
Abdullah Almarzuqi
Central Michigan University
Introduction Consumer's decisions are mainly influenced by how well they know the product. The
appearance of the product too influences the consumer's choice and behavior. This makes the firms
to use branding as a way to increase customer's awareness on their products. Branding is tending to
be inevitable for the firms these days. Branding has a great influence on consumer's decisions. Firms
are getting a greater challenge to ensure that they continuously remain up to date when it comes to
different forms of advertisement and marketing strategies. This ensures that they acquire consumer's
loyalty, increase the market share of their brands and increase the volume of their brands they sell.
In my research, I will use interview as a methodology that I can use to get more information from
the consumers. I will use interviews to conduct research to come up with a summary of how well
branding impacts the decisions of a consumer. Branding can be defined as packaging of a product in
different ways so as attract more consumers by making it look more appealing. It helps create a
name, symbol or design of a product that differentiates it from the others. The consumers can
identify a product by its branding features. Interview is research methodology that is used to acquire
information from the respondents. It involves asking the consumers questions directly and giving
them a chance to provide

Disadvantages Of A Semi Structured Interview
Section 1: Methodological Considerations Question 1 One advantage of a semi structured interview
is that in the case of participants who tend to answer questions briefly, the interviewer can ask more
open ended questions and cater the structure of the interview for the participant. The interviewer has
a choice of which order to ask the questions in and how to ask them. For instance, in the transcript
for the interview, the interviewer is being provided with one sentence yes/no replies in the
beginning. Then, a few questions later, the interviewer asks a more detailed question that asks the
participant how they manage their diabetes and who helps them. This prompts a more detailed
response from the participant, who has now been asked to speak more freely about their experience
with diabetes. Furthermore, for semi–structured interviews, the interviewers can follow what the
participants are saying and modify their questions accordingly. The interviewer can be prompted by
something the participant has said, and explore that prompt further in their proceeding questions.
For example, when the respondent states that they do their own finger prick blood test, the
interviewer then explores that deeper by asking follow up questions such as what equipment the
participant uses and the difference in their own materials versus the hospital's. Furthermore, in a
semi–structured interview, the participant might bring up interesting points the interviewer had not
come across in their

Socio Cultural Aspects Of Therapeutic Relations
RESEARCH METHOD
As mentioned in the literature review, no studies have focused on socio cultural aspects of
Therapeutic relation ship in Indian outpatient physiotherapy department. Therefore, the intention of
this study is to seek an in–depth understanding of socio cultural factors that associates with
therapeutic relationship in outpatient physiotherapy settings in India by using a focused
ethnographic design. This study will be conduct through two phases. The first phase of this study
will be focused on participant observation and on the basis of the findings from the first phase of the
study, the second stage will be conducted by using semi structured interviews.
Phase 1: Ethnographic: Study will be performed as an observation, which involves systematically
watching the physiotherapist or student therapist and patients to find out their interactions and
behaviours in outpatient physiotherapy in India.
Aims:
To under stand the therapeutic relationship in an Indian outpatient physiotherapy settings.
To identify intangible underpinning socio cultural elements that associate with therapeutic
relationship in an Indian outpatient physiotherapy settings
Phase 2: Ethnographic semi–structured interview
On the basis of the findings obtained from the first phase of this study will be used to conduct an in–
depth semi–structured interview after 6 months of the observation qualitative interviews of
physiotherapist (currently practicing in the musculoskeletal settings

The Deconstruction Of Mentor Texts Essay
Each of the three cycles included one initial draft writing session, one elaborating ideas session and
one changing vocabulary session. Each of the inquiry cycles had a different authentic context and
topic focus and each session involved links to reading programme (Appendix ?). Although text
structure and topic knowledge was not an explicit focus of the intervention, it is recognised as an
essential foundation of expert writing. Therefore the deconstruction of mentor texts, analysis of text
structure and developing topic knowledge was built into the reading programme and the initial draft
writing sessions. The elaborating ideas session was focused on writing for an audience and ensuring
their writing provide their audience with appropriate, specific and depth of information. The
changing vocabulary sessions focused on identifying common words and replacing or adding
synonyms that were rarely used in their writing. Following each inquiry cycles one or two
substantial changes were made in subsequent inquiry cycles to improve and refine the teaching and
learning strategies employed, as shown in figure 3.
0.6 Research Method
0.6.1 Data Gathering Methods
0.6.1.1 Semi–structured Interview
Pre and post intervention semi–structured interviews were conducted in a side room on the school
grounds, approximately 4m x 10m, that was familiar, warm and quiet. The purpose of the interview
was to establish students' perceptions and knowledge of writing and revising processes. The

The Importance Of Student Disengagement From School
Understanding why students disengage from school is vital to future planning. Christenson, Sandra
L, Thurlow, Martha L, (2001) discuss the importance of engaging students throughout their
schooling experience. Their research shows that leaving school early is the outcome of a long
process of disengagement from school (Christenson et al., 2001). Indicators of student withdrawal
include poor attendance or unsuccessful school experiences such as academic or behavioural
difficulties that often begin in primary and middle school.
Christenson explains that School completion programs require a primary focus on student
engagement, particularly on finding ways to enhance students' interest in and enthusiasm for school,
sense of belonging at school, motivation to learn, and progress in school, as well as the value they
place on school and learning (Christenson et al., 2001). Having an increase in student enrolments
into VET courses begs the question is VET catering to student's interest and enthusiasm and are
traditional school based subjects lacking in interest.
In the US Cook–Deegan (2016), reports that high schools are unengaging and based on a hundred
year old model designed for a different era. The same could be said for high schools in Australia, as
curriculum and pedagogy are based on old models. US high schools are depressingly archaic,
reminiscent of giant factories or prisons, with block scheduling and teachers still lecturing to
students in time blocks that have no

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