- A bit is the smallest unit of storage that can have a value of 0 or 1. 8 bits make up 1 byte. - A byte is a group of 8 bits that can represent numbers from 0-255. Storage size is measured in bytes, with prefixes like KB, MB, GB, and TB. - Characters are represented by code points that have values from 0 to over 1 million. Character encoding maps code points to bytes for storage in memory, with UTF-8 being the most common encoding.