04-Highway_Materials_-_Bitumen.pdf

•

0 likes•7 views

S

sharifsayyidalmahdal

highway engineering

HIGHWAY MATERIALS
Part 4
Bitumen
Mr Che Ros Ismail| Dr Norhidayah Abdul Hassan
Faculty of Civil Engineering

2
Road
materials
Aggregate
Binder
Filler

Content
Origin and Production
Composition and Types of Bitumen
Bitumen Properties
Grading Systems
Tests on Bitumen Properties

4
Origin
Bitumen
Source
Natural
Petroleum
- in geological strata,
(Trinidad lake and
rock pores)
- by products of distillation
of crude oil

Bitumen Composition
Molecular
80-85%
Carbon
10%
Hydrogen
1-5%
Sulphur
1%
Nitrogen
<1%
Oxygen

Bitumen Composition
Asphaltenes
Maltenes
(Resins,
Aromatics
and
Saturates)
Bitumen
Component

7
Types of
bitumen
Emulsion
Conventional
bitumen
Cutback
Foamed
bitumen

Conventional
bitumen
 Strong and
durable
 Black, sticky,
semisolid and highly
viscous
 Largest use in HMA
 Strong as paving
material

9
Bitumen
Properties
Rheology
Durability
Safety
Purity

Grading System
10
 Penetration Grade: based on penetration test,
(1PEN=0.1mm), high PEN (100-150) for cold climate, low
PEN (30-40) for hot climate
 Viscosity Grade: based on viscosity test, unit in poises,
Ex. AC-20, AR-4000
 Performance Grade: based on extreme hot and cold
pavement temperature, ave. 7 days maximum & minimum
temp. in ◦C, Ex. PG 64-16, rheological properties

Cutback Bitumen
 Liquid bitumen = petroleum solvent + bitumen(50-
80%)
 Low viscosity for lower application temperatures
 Three types:
11
Rapid Curing – bitumen + gasoline (RC-70)
Medium Curing - bitumen + kerosene
Slow Curing – bitumen + diesel

Emulsified Bitumen
12
 Liquid bitumen = Bitumen (40-75%) + water (25-60%) +
emulsifier (0.1-2.5%)
 Low viscosity for lower application temperatures
 Two most commonly used emulsions:
i. Anionic (-ve) – used with aggregate such as limestone
ii. Cationic (+ve) – used with aggregates such as
sandstone
 Graded according to setting rate:
Rapid Set
Medium Set
Slow Set, SS1K

Bitumen Tests
13
Penetration
Softening Point
Ductility
Viscosity
Solubility

Bitumen Tests
14
Flash and Fire Point
Loss on Heating
Rolling Thin Film
Oven test/Pressure
Aging Vessel
Dynamic Shear
Rheometer

Thank You

More Related Content

Recently uploaded

Q4-Trends-Networks-Module-3.pdfqquater days sheets123456789

Q4-Trends-Networks-Module-3.pdfqquater days sheets123456789

Q4-Trends-Networks-Module-3.pdfqquater days sheets123456789

CristineGraceAcuyan

cholilithiasis, cholecystitis,gall bladdder .pdf

cholilithiasis, cholecystitis,gall bladdder .pdf

cholilithiasis, cholecystitis,gall bladdder .pdf

RawalRafiqLeghari

Simple Conference Style Presentation by Slidesgo.pptx

Simple Conference Style Presentation by Slidesgo.pptx

Simple Conference Style Presentation by Slidesgo.pptx

Jordan_Amanda_DMBS202404_PB1_2024-04.pdf

Jordan_Amanda_DMBS202404_PB1_2024-04.pdf

Jordan_Amanda_DMBS202404_PB1_2024-04.pdf

Just Call Vip call girls Kasganj Escorts ☎️8617370543 Two shot with one girl (Kasganj) Hire 💕 8617370543 Kasganj Call Girls Service Call Girls Agency Best Adorable Escort in Kasganj Call Girl. If You Are Looking For Independent Kasganj Call Girl Escort Service In Your Area, We Provide Best Service 24*7 with ... Kasganj Hot Girl Waiting For You Kisses. I'm a wild panther girl in Kasganj that enjoys having a good time! Give me a call, and we can have amazing times together ... Call ☎️8617370543 Etawah escorts, female models, vip escort, independent escorts and call girls services with real photos in Kasganj. EXCITING OPTIONS AVAILABLE AT OUR INDEPENDENT ESCORTS Candlelight dinner Evening date Night clubs or parties Hotels or your flats Business trip Business party Stripping party Flexibility Choices and options Lists of many beauty fantasies Turn your dream into reality Perfect companionship Cheap and convenient In-call and Out-call services And many more. Visit The Website : https://www.nityasalvi.com/

Just Call Vip call girls Kasganj Escorts ☎️8617370543 Two shot with one girl ...

Just Call Vip call girls Kasganj Escorts ☎️8617370543 Two shot with one girl ...

Just Call Vip call girls Kasganj Escorts ☎️8617370543 Two shot with one girl ...

学校颁发一模一样【微信：95270640 】【(ANU毕业证书)澳大利亚国立大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：95270640 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样/offer、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。 1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微信：95270640 【主营项目】一.毕业证【微信：95270640】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、学生卡等！二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费) 三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度) 如果您处于以下几种情况： ◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微信：95270640】 ◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到； ◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备； ◇回国时间很长，忘记办理； ◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看； ◇企事业单位必须要求办理的 ◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口 ◇申请留学生创业基金留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才办理ANU毕业证书)澳大利亚国立大学【微信：95270640】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。办理ANU毕业证书)澳大利亚国立大学【微信：95270640】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。校名:学校英文全称授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。办理ANU毕业证书)澳大利亚国立大学毕业证价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。综上所述，办理ANU毕业证书)澳大利亚国立大学毕业证是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。

一比一原版(ANU毕业证书)澳大利亚国立大学毕业证原件一模一样

一比一原版(ANU毕业证书)澳大利亚国立大学毕业证原件一模一样

一比一原版(ANU毕业证书)澳大利亚国立大学毕业证原件一模一样

Top profile Call Girls In Mau [ 7014168258 ] Call Me For Genuine Models We are available 24*7 Booking Contact Details :- WhatsApp Chat :- +91-7014168258 If you're looking for India Call girls you've come to the right place. You'll find some of the most beautiful call girls in our location with. These ladies have pleasing personalities, hot figures, and a passion for physical pleasure. Call girls in India Lucknow Many men have booked them for their erotic and soul-mixing performances, which are sure to leave you with unforgettable memories. #K09 Escort Service India is available in the city for men and women of all ages. They can satisfy your sexual needs and will make your experience even more enjoyable and memorable. Whether you're looking for a blow-job, stripping, lovemaking, or other dirty acts, you'll be able to find a match for your tastes and budget. These highly trained professionals will help you have an unforgettable night. One Shot — 5000/in call (time 1 hour), 6000/out call Two shot with one girl — 8000/in call (time 2 hour), 10000/out call Body to body massage with sex- 8000/in call (time 1 hour) Full night Service for one person– 12000/in call, 13000/out call (shot limit 3-4 shots) Full night Service for more than 1 person — please contact Us —7014168258 We are available 24*7 all days of the year. Call us — 7014168258 Thank you for Visiting.

Top profile Call Girls In Mau [ 7014168258 ] Call Me For Genuine Models We ar...

Nishatganj ? Book Call Girls in Lucknow | Book 9548273370 Extreme Naughty Call Girls Service Now CALL GIRL IN Lucknow 9548273370 ❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE❤CALL GIRL IN #j11 We are Providing :- ● – Private independent collage Going girls . ● – independent Models . ● – House Wife’s . ● – Private Independent House Wife’s ● – Corporate M.N.C Working Profiles . ● – Call Center Girls . ● – Live Band Girls . ●- Foreigners & Many More . Service type: 1.In call 2.out call 3. full Lip to Lip kiss 4.69 5.b-job without Condom 6. Hard Core sex & Much More. 7 Body to Body Touch 8 Kissing 9 Sucking Boobs and More 10 Enjoy by Hand 11 Relax By Oral 12 Sex with Happy Ending • In Call and Out Call Service • 3* 5* 7* Hotels Service • 24 Hours Available • Indian, Russian, Punjabi, Kashmiri Escorts • Real Models, College Girls, House Wife, Also Available • Short Time and Full Time Service Available • Hygienic Full AC Neat and Clean Rooms Avail. In Hotel 24 hours • Daily Escorts Staff Available • Minimum to Maximu m Range Available.c

Nishatganj ? Book Call Girls in Lucknow | Book 9548273370 Extreme Naughty Cal...

Nishatganj ? Book Call Girls in Lucknow | Book 9548273370 Extreme Naughty Cal...

Nishatganj ? Book Call Girls in Lucknow | Book 9548273370 Extreme Naughty Cal...

Kondapur ] High Profile Call Girls in Hyderabad (Adult Only) 9352988975 Escort Service 24x7 Cash Payment Booking Contact Details :- WhatsApp Chat :- +91-9352988975 Numerous men who recruit Call Girls Hyderabad need to have a personal experience that will leave them feeling awed and fulfilled. They might be searching for a casual hookup or a sexy experience. These escorts are prepared to be prudent and aware of their clients' security. They won't ever uncover the client's character to any other person, so you can feel sure that you are in safe hands. Assuming that you're stressed over the wellbeing of these escorts, you can constantly take a look at their certifications One Shot — 5000/in call (time 1 hour), 6000/out call Two shot with one girl — 8000/in call (time 2 hour), 10000/out call Body to body massage with sex- 8000/in call (time 1 hour) Full night Service for one person– 12000/in call, 13000/out call (shot limit 3-4 shots) Full night Service for more than 1 person — please contact Us —9352988975 We are available 24*7 all days of the year. Call us — 9352988975 Thank you for Visiting.

Kondapur ] High Profile Call Girls in Hyderabad (Adult Only) 9352988975 Escor...

How to Build a Simple Shopify Website

How to Build a Simple Shopify Website

How to Build a Simple Shopify Website

Isadora Agency and the UPLI team wanted to redefine how employees especially millennials engaged with own finances. In short, business goals included helping users build credit, maintain a budget, optimize debt and manage all financial accounts. The final product was something truly unique. Simple enough to track finances much like you track your health. Web design specialists at Isadora Agency were tasked with the app UI design, mobile strategy, illustration, iconography, and mobile app design of over 100 different mobile screens With a minimalist design, users quickly move from one category to the next. For example, you can select to pay down your debt or fund a vacation. Therefore, your personal dashboard allows you to see insights, progress, and trends. The Budget Progress screen was extra fun to design as we were able to incorporate our custom character illustration next to messages of encouragement. It’s truly remarkable how the team packed this mobile app design with so many tools and powerful customizable features. The core of the app UI design revolves around essential features that include budgeting, spending, and saving. For example, layers of friendly reminders and updates show how much you’ve saved or how close you remained within your budget. Meanwhile, providing multiple reasons to visit the app often. For instance, cutting-edge tools and intelligent messaging throughout the experience educate users as they grow more comfortable with individual finances.

Design-System - FinTech - Isadora Agency

Design-System - FinTech - Isadora Agency

Design-System - FinTech - Isadora Agency

Hackathon evaluation template_latest_uploadpdf

Hackathon evaluation template_latest_uploadpdf

Hackathon evaluation template_latest_uploadpdf

Geneva Business School Myanmar Campus

原版定制【微信:176555708】【莫纳什大学毕业证（Monash毕业证书）】【微信:176555708】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。【业务选择办理准则】一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才留信网服务项目： 1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析） 2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务 3、留学人员区块链存储服务 → 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！

怎样办理莫纳什大学毕业证（Monash毕业证书）成绩单留信认证

怎样办理莫纳什大学毕业证（Monash毕业证书）成绩单留信认证

怎样办理莫纳什大学毕业证（Monash毕业证书）成绩单留信认证

Mohanlalganj ! Call Girls in Lucknow - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 9548273370 Neha Thakur Booking Contact Details :- WhatsApp Chat :- +91-9548273370 Numerous men who recruit Call Girls Lucknow need to have a personal experience that will leave them feeling awed and fulfilled. They might be searching for a casual hookup or a sexy experience. These escorts are prepared to be prudent and aware of their clients' security. #K09 They won't ever uncover the client's character to any other person, so you can feel sure that you are in safe hands. Assuming that you're stressed over the wellbeing of these escorts, you can constantly take a look at their certifications One Shot — 5000/in call (time 1 hour), 6000/out call Two shot with one girl — 8000/in call (time 2 hour), 10000/out call Body to body massage with sex- 8000/in call (time 1 hour) Full night Service for one person– 12000/in call, 13000/out call (shot limit 3-4 shots) Full night Service for more than 1 person — please contact Us —9548273370 We are available 24*7 all days of the year. Call us — 9548273370 Thank you for Visiting.

Mohanlalganj ! Call Girls in Lucknow - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 9548273370...

Mohanlalganj ! Call Girls in Lucknow - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 9548273370...

Mohanlalganj ! Call Girls in Lucknow - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 9548273370...

Mtp kit in kuwait௹+918133066128....) @abortion pills for sale in Kuwait City ✒Abortion CLINIC In Kuwait ?Kuwait pills +918133066128௵) safe Abortion Pills for sale in Salmiya, Kuwait city,Farwaniya-cytotec pills for sale in Kuwait city. Kuwait pills +918133066128WHERE I CAN BUY ABORTION PILLS IN KUWAIT, CYTOTEC 200MG PILLS AVAILABLE IN KUWAIT, MIFEPRISTONE & MISOPROSTOL MTP KIT FOR SALE IN KUWAIT. Whatsapp:+Abortion Pills For Sale In Mahboula-abortion pills in Mahboula-abortion pills in Kuwait City- .Kuwait pills +918133066128)))abortion pills for sale in Mahboula …Mtp Kit On Sale Kuwait pills +918133066128mifepristone Tablets available in Kuwait?Zahra Kuwait pills +918133066128Buy Abortion Pills Cytotec Misoprostol 200mcg Pills Brances and now offering services in Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, Dubai, **))))Abortion Pills For Sale In Ras Al-Khaimah(((online Cytotec Available In Al Madam))) Cytotec Available In muscat, Cytotec 200 Mcg In Zayed City, hatta,Cytotec Pills௵+ __}Kuwait pills +918133066128}— ABORTION IN UAE (DUBAI, SHARJAH, AJMAN, UMM AL QUWAIN, ...UAE-ABORTION PILLS AVAILABLE IN DUBAI/ABUDHABI-where can i buy abortion pillsCytotec Pills௵+ __}Kuwait pills +918133066128}}}/Where can I buy abortion pills in KUWAIT , KUWAIT CITY, HAWALLY, KUWAIT, AL JAHRA, MANGAF , AHMADI, FAHAHEEL, In KUWAIT ... pills for sale in dubai mall and where anyone can buy abortion pills in Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Ras Al Khaimah ... Abortion pills in Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Ajman, Fujairah, Ras Al Khaimah, Umm Al Quwain…Buy Mifepristone and Misoprostol Cytotec , Mtp KitABORTION PILLS _ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN ABU DHABI, DUBAI, AJMAN, FUJUIRAH, RAS AL KHAIMAH, SHARJAH & UMM AL QUWAIN, UAE ❤ Medical Abortion pills in ... ABU DHABI, ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE ----- Dubai, Sharjah, Abu dhabi, Ajman, Alain, Fujairah, Ras Al Khaimah FUJAIRAH, AL AIN, RAS AL KHAIMAMedical Abortion pills in Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Al Ain, Ajman, RAK City, Ras Al Khaimah, Fujairah, Dubai, Qatar, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, ...Where I Can Buy Abortion Pills In Al ain where can i buy abortion pills in #Dubai, Exclusive Abortion pills for sale in Dubai ... Abortion Pills For Sale In Rak City, in Doha, Kuwait.௵ Kuwait pills +918133066128₩ Abortion Pills For Sale In Doha, Kuwait,CYTOTEC PILLS AVAILABLE Abortion in Doha, ꧁ @ ꧂ ☆ Abortion Pills For Sale In Ivory park,Rabie Ridge,Phomolong. ] Abortion Pills For Sale In Ivory Park, Abortion Pills+918133066128In Ivory Park, Abortion Clinic In Ivory Park,Termination Pills In Ivory Park,. *)][(Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Winnie Mandela Ivory Park Ebony Park Esangweni Oakmoor Swazi Inn Whats'app...In Ra al Khaimah,safe termination pills for sale in Ras Al Khaimah. | Dubai.. @Kuwait pills +918133066128Abortion Pills For Sale In Kuwa

Abortion Pills in Oman (+918133066128) Cytotec clinic buy Oman Muscat

Abortion Pills in Oman (+918133066128) Cytotec clinic buy Oman Muscat

Abortion Pills in Oman (+918133066128) Cytotec clinic buy Oman Muscat

Abortion pills in Kuwait Cytotec pills in Kuwait

call Now VIP Female Most Attractive Independent Call Girls Service In All Mumbai That Can Make Every Moment You Spend With Me Full Of Pleasure ★ SAFE AND SECURE HIGH CLASS SERVICE AFFORDABLE RATE SATISFACTION,UNLIMITED ENJOYMENT. ★ All Meetings are confidential and no information is provided to any one at any cost. ★ EXCLUSIVE PROFILes Are Safe and Consensual with Most Limits Respected ★ Service Available In: - HOME & HOTEL Star Hotel Service .In Call & Out call SeRvIcEs : ★ A-Level (star escort) ★ Strip-tease ★ BBBJ (Bareback Blowjob)Receive advanced sexual techniques in different mode make their life more pleasurable. ★ Spending time in hotel rooms ★ BJ (Blowjob Without a Condom) ★ Completion (Oral to completion) ★ Covered (Covered blowjob Without condom SAFE AND SECURE WhatsApp Call Number

Dahisar Comfortable Call Girls ,09167354423,Mira Road Model Call Girls

Dahisar Comfortable Call Girls ,09167354423,Mira Road Model Call Girls

Dahisar Comfortable Call Girls ,09167354423,Mira Road Model Call Girls

原版定制【微信:95270640】【卡尔顿大学毕业证（CU毕业证书）】【微信:95270640】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。【业务选择办理准则】一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信95270640】文凭即可二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信95270640】即可三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才留信网服务项目： 1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析） 2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务 3、留学人员区块链存储服务 → 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！

一比一定(购)卡尔顿大学毕业证(CU毕业证)成绩单学位证

一比一定(购)卡尔顿大学毕业证(CU毕业证)成绩单学位证

一比一定(购)卡尔顿大学毕业证(CU毕业证)成绩单学位证

Minimalist Orange Portfolio by Slidesgo.pptx

Minimalist Orange Portfolio by Slidesgo.pptx

Minimalist Orange Portfolio by Slidesgo.pptx

Abortion Pills in Muscat[[+918761049707}} Cytotec in Muscat,Oman((( WhatsApp +918761049707""buy Abortion pills Dubai (( Sharjah) (Ajman)) buy cytotec pills Dubai Submitted by +918761049707""buy Abortion pills Dubai (( Sharjah) (Ajman)) buy cytotec pills Dubai OMAN_Muscat##Abortion pills for sale in Oman#^@Muscat ✯DUBAI✯✯MUSCAT_OMAN @Abortion Pills for Sale in Oman^^Muscat^Sohar^Salalah^Sur^Nizwa^^ Oman Clinic ] wsp{{+91876—1049707}} or {{+918761049707} > [**Misoprostol Pills In Oman:Muscat'*]Sohar[* Salalah & MUSCAT & OMAN""wsp{{+918761049707}} or {{+918761049707^^^^***}} >muscat》MUSCAT_OMAN 》oman-abortion pills for sale in muscat》MUSCAT》OMAN》SOHAR》SALALAH》Jeddah* saudi arabia *Cytotec in jeddah* Abortion pills for sale in jeddah* riyadh* dammam* saudi arabia*OMAN•• SAUDI ARABIA ••Abortion Pills For Sale In Muscat••Oman••Sohar••Salalah••Bawshar••Nizwa••DUBAIwsp{{+9187-61-049-707}} or {{+918761049707^^}} >Muscat^ MUSCAT_OMAN Medicine For Sale In Muscat^^Ôman^^^Sohar^^^Salalah^^ÛAE@Abortion Pills In Muscat @jeddah@riyadh@abortion pills for sale in oman @muscat @sohar @salalah @uaeMUSCAT€€ jeddah*riyadh €€Abortion Medicine For Sale In Muscat¤¤Oman€€Sohar€€Salalah€€Bawshar€€╬ ✯muscat^ôman✯╬Abortion Medicine In Dammam✯╬What’s app{{+9} or {{+9187610^49707} >✯╬Al Khobar✯╬Rayadh✯╬Jeddah✯╬^#Abortion pills in Oman@#**[+9187610/49707}Muscat##abortion pills for sale in muscat@#^^^@oman#@Cytotec pills in Muscat.Oman#@@[OMAN#+918761049707*^*}#abortion pills in OMAN#@abortion pills for sale in oman##abortion pills for sale in muscat#misoprostol in muscat#abortion clinic in muscat#near me,#cytotec pills in oman#@Muscat ✯DUBAI✯✯MUSCAT_OMAN @Abortion Pills for Sale in Oman^^Muscat^Sohar^Salalah^Sur^Nizwa^^ Oman Clinic ]w/A{{+#+918761049707}}or{+918761049707} [**Misoprostol Pills In Oman:Muscat'*]Sohar[* Salalah & MUSCAT & OMAN""muscat》MUSCAT_OMAN 》oman-abortion pills for sale in muscat》MUSCAT》OMAN》SOHAR》SALALAH》Jeddah* saudi arabia *Cytotec in jeddah* Abortion pills for sale in jeddah* riyadh* dammam* saudi arabia*OMAN•• SAUDI ARABIA ••Abortion Pills For Sale In Muscat••#abortion medicine in oman##abortion pills for sale in oman##abortion medicine in muscat#+918761049707***}#abortion pills in salala#@abortion pills for sale in oman##abortion pills for sale in muscat#misoprostol in muscat#abortion clinic in muscat#near me,#cytotec pills in oman#@Muscat ✯DUBAI✯✯MUSCAT_OMAN @Abortion Pills for Sale in Oman^^Muscat^Sohar^Salalah^Sur^Nizwa^^ Oman Clinic ]w/A{{+918761049707}}{++918761049707}> [**Misoprostol Pills In Oman:Muscat'*]Sohar[* Salalah & MUSCAT & OMAN""w/A{{+918761049707}??#?#{+918761049707}ABORTION pills for sale in oman#@???# MIFEPRISTONE AND MISOPROSTOL KIT (ABORTION PILLS) for sale in MUSCAT-OMAN☎ ++918761049797}r {{++918761049707}}@mifpack@mifpristone ,abortion in muscat,##@For_ Sale @OMAN^ @Abortion pill in oman@abortion pills in muscat@sohar @salalah@seeb@bawsha??r $in Oman$oman/muscat $Abortion Pills In muscat@@@@@@@@dunai,abu dhabi,deira,ajman,m

Abortion pill for sale in Muscat (+918761049707)) Get Cytotec Cash on deliver...

Abortion pill for sale in Muscat (+918761049707)) Get Cytotec Cash on deliver...

Abortion pill for sale in Muscat (+918761049707)) Get Cytotec Cash on deliver...

instagramfab782445

TRose UXPA Experience Design Concord .pptx

TRose UXPA Experience Design Concord .pptx

TRose UXPA Experience Design Concord .pptx

Recently uploaded (20)

Q4-Trends-Networks-Module-3.pdfqquater days sheets123456789

Q4-Trends-Networks-Module-3.pdfqquater days sheets123456789

Q4-Trends-Networks-Module-3.pdfqquater days sheets123456789

cholilithiasis, cholecystitis,gall bladdder .pdf

cholilithiasis, cholecystitis,gall bladdder .pdf

cholilithiasis, cholecystitis,gall bladdder .pdf

Simple Conference Style Presentation by Slidesgo.pptx

Simple Conference Style Presentation by Slidesgo.pptx

Simple Conference Style Presentation by Slidesgo.pptx

Jordan_Amanda_DMBS202404_PB1_2024-04.pdf

Jordan_Amanda_DMBS202404_PB1_2024-04.pdf

Jordan_Amanda_DMBS202404_PB1_2024-04.pdf

Just Call Vip call girls Kasganj Escorts ☎️8617370543 Two shot with one girl ...

Just Call Vip call girls Kasganj Escorts ☎️8617370543 Two shot with one girl ...

Just Call Vip call girls Kasganj Escorts ☎️8617370543 Two shot with one girl ...

一比一原版(ANU毕业证书)澳大利亚国立大学毕业证原件一模一样

一比一原版(ANU毕业证书)澳大利亚国立大学毕业证原件一模一样

一比一原版(ANU毕业证书)澳大利亚国立大学毕业证原件一模一样

Top profile Call Girls In Mau [ 7014168258 ] Call Me For Genuine Models We ar...

Nishatganj ? Book Call Girls in Lucknow | Book 9548273370 Extreme Naughty Cal...

Nishatganj ? Book Call Girls in Lucknow | Book 9548273370 Extreme Naughty Cal...

Nishatganj ? Book Call Girls in Lucknow | Book 9548273370 Extreme Naughty Cal...

Kondapur ] High Profile Call Girls in Hyderabad (Adult Only) 9352988975 Escor...

How to Build a Simple Shopify Website

How to Build a Simple Shopify Website

How to Build a Simple Shopify Website

Design-System - FinTech - Isadora Agency

Design-System - FinTech - Isadora Agency

Design-System - FinTech - Isadora Agency

Hackathon evaluation template_latest_uploadpdf

Hackathon evaluation template_latest_uploadpdf

Hackathon evaluation template_latest_uploadpdf

怎样办理莫纳什大学毕业证（Monash毕业证书）成绩单留信认证

怎样办理莫纳什大学毕业证（Monash毕业证书）成绩单留信认证

怎样办理莫纳什大学毕业证（Monash毕业证书）成绩单留信认证

Mohanlalganj ! Call Girls in Lucknow - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 9548273370...

Mohanlalganj ! Call Girls in Lucknow - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 9548273370...

Mohanlalganj ! Call Girls in Lucknow - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 9548273370...

Abortion Pills in Oman (+918133066128) Cytotec clinic buy Oman Muscat

Abortion Pills in Oman (+918133066128) Cytotec clinic buy Oman Muscat

Abortion Pills in Oman (+918133066128) Cytotec clinic buy Oman Muscat

Dahisar Comfortable Call Girls ,09167354423,Mira Road Model Call Girls

Dahisar Comfortable Call Girls ,09167354423,Mira Road Model Call Girls

Dahisar Comfortable Call Girls ,09167354423,Mira Road Model Call Girls

一比一定(购)卡尔顿大学毕业证(CU毕业证)成绩单学位证

一比一定(购)卡尔顿大学毕业证(CU毕业证)成绩单学位证

一比一定(购)卡尔顿大学毕业证(CU毕业证)成绩单学位证

Minimalist Orange Portfolio by Slidesgo.pptx

Minimalist Orange Portfolio by Slidesgo.pptx

Minimalist Orange Portfolio by Slidesgo.pptx

Abortion pill for sale in Muscat (+918761049707)) Get Cytotec Cash on deliver...

Abortion pill for sale in Muscat (+918761049707)) Get Cytotec Cash on deliver...

Abortion pill for sale in Muscat (+918761049707)) Get Cytotec Cash on deliver...

TRose UXPA Experience Design Concord .pptx

TRose UXPA Experience Design Concord .pptx

TRose UXPA Experience Design Concord .pptx

Featured

https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing · Scaling relationships and proving ROI · Social media is the place for search, sales, and service · Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth · The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera. · Time saved with AI leads to more creative work · Seeking: A single source of truth · TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems. · More human marketing, powered by robots

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot

ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!

Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT

Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT

Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT

Expeed Software

Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings

Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings

Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings

Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits. To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups. Technology For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did. While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis. Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad. Age and Gender When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same. Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers. Race Affects Attitudes As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).

How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health

How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health

How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health

AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf

AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf

AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf

marketingartwork

Skeleton Culture Code

Skeleton Culture Code

Skeleton Culture Code

Skeleton Technologies

PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024

PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024

PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024

Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)

Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)

Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)

How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024

How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024

How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024

A report by thenetworkone and Kurio. The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).

Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights

Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights

Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights

Kurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)

The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands. It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024. Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024. You’ll learn: - The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem. - New developments in privacy and data regulation. - Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year. Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape. If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.

Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024

Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024

Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024

Search Engine Journal

From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world. With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively. The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage. Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience. See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers See the original article on Forbes here: http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b

5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary

5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary

5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary

Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world. Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance. For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age. Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.

ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd

ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd

ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd

Getting into the tech field. what next

Getting into the tech field. what next

Getting into the tech field. what next

Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent

Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent

Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent

How to have difficult conversations

How to have difficult conversations

How to have difficult conversations

Rajiv Jayarajah, MAppComm, ACC

Introduction to Data Science

Introduction to Data Science

Introduction to Data Science

Christy Abraham Joy

Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices

Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices

Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices

The six step guide to practical project management If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again. We’ve stripped back project management processes to the basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing the vital ingredients for success. “If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.” Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management

The six step guide to practical project management

The six step guide to practical project management

The six step guide to practical project management

Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...

Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...

Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...

RachelPearson36

Featured (20)

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot

Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT

Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT

Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT

Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings

Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings

Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings

How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health

How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health

How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health

AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf

AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf

AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf

Skeleton Culture Code

Skeleton Culture Code

Skeleton Culture Code

PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024

PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024

PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024

Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)

Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)

Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)

How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024

How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024

How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024

Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights

Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights

Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights

Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024

Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024

Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024

5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary

5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary

5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary

ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd

ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd

ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd

Getting into the tech field. what next

Getting into the tech field. what next

Getting into the tech field. what next

Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent

Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent

Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent

How to have difficult conversations

How to have difficult conversations

How to have difficult conversations

Introduction to Data Science

Introduction to Data Science

Introduction to Data Science

Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices

Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices

Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices

The six step guide to practical project management

The six step guide to practical project management

The six step guide to practical project management

Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...

Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...

Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...

04-Highway_Materials_-_Bitumen.pdf

1. HIGHWAY MATERIALS Part 4 Bitumen Mr Che Ros Ismail| Dr Norhidayah Abdul Hassan Faculty of Civil Engineering

2. 2 Road materials Aggregate Binder Filler

3. Content Origin and Production Composition and Types of Bitumen Bitumen Properties Grading Systems Tests on Bitumen Properties

4. 4 Origin Bitumen Source Natural Petroleum - in geological strata, (Trinidad lake and rock pores) - by products of distillation of crude oil

5. Bitumen Composition Molecular 80-85% Carbon 10% Hydrogen 1-5% Sulphur 1% Nitrogen <1% Oxygen

6. Bitumen Composition Asphaltenes Maltenes (Resins, Aromatics and Saturates) Bitumen Component

7. 7 Types of bitumen Emulsion Conventional bitumen Cutback Foamed bitumen

8. Conventional bitumen  Strong and durable  Black, sticky, semisolid and highly viscous  Largest use in HMA  Strong as paving material

9. 9 Bitumen Properties Rheology Durability Safety Purity

10. Grading System 10  Penetration Grade: based on penetration test, (1PEN=0.1mm), high PEN (100-150) for cold climate, low PEN (30-40) for hot climate  Viscosity Grade: based on viscosity test, unit in poises, Ex. AC-20, AR-4000  Performance Grade: based on extreme hot and cold pavement temperature, ave. 7 days maximum & minimum temp. in ◦C, Ex. PG 64-16, rheological properties

11. Cutback Bitumen  Liquid bitumen = petroleum solvent + bitumen(50- 80%)  Low viscosity for lower application temperatures  Three types: 11 Rapid Curing – bitumen + gasoline (RC-70) Medium Curing - bitumen + kerosene Slow Curing – bitumen + diesel

12. Emulsified Bitumen 12  Liquid bitumen = Bitumen (40-75%) + water (25-60%) + emulsifier (0.1-2.5%)  Low viscosity for lower application temperatures  Two most commonly used emulsions: i. Anionic (-ve) – used with aggregate such as limestone ii. Cationic (+ve) – used with aggregates such as sandstone  Graded according to setting rate: Rapid Set Medium Set Slow Set, SS1K

13. Bitumen Tests 13 Penetration Softening Point Ductility Viscosity Solubility

14. Bitumen Tests 14 Flash and Fire Point Loss on Heating Rolling Thin Film Oven test/Pressure Aging Vessel Dynamic Shear Rheometer