This document provides an overview of the types of equipment used in intensive care units (ICUs). It discusses various patient monitoring devices like pulse oximeters, bedside monitors, and electrocardiography machines that are used to monitor vital signs. Life support devices like mechanical ventilators, infusion pumps, and defibrillators that provide respiratory and circulatory support are also covered. The document describes different hemodynamic monitoring tools including arterial lines, pulmonary artery catheters, and intracranial pressure monitors.
3. introduction
• Equipments designed to care for patients
who are seriously injured, have a critical
or life-threatening illness, or have
undergone a major surgical procedure,
thereby requiring 24-hour care and
monitoring.
• Includes patient monitoring, respiratory
and cardiac support, pain management,
emergency resuscitation devices, and
other life support equipment
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4. Types of ICU equipments
• Patient monitoring devices
• Life support and emergency resuscitation
devices
• Diagnostic devices.
• Other (disposables)
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8. Others
• Breathing tube
(endotracheal
tube)
• Feeding tube
• cannula
• Intravenous (IV)
line or catheter
• Suction catheter
• Nasogastric (NG)
tube
• Urinary catheter
• Urinary drainage
collector
They are disposables:
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9. Devices according to ICU
• Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)
• Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU)
• Psychiatric intensive care unit (PICU)
• Coronary care unit (CCU)
• Neurological intensive care unit (Neuro ICU)
• Post-anesthesia care unit (PACU)
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11. incubator
• It is an apparatus used to maintain
environmental conditions suitable for a
neonate (newborn baby).
• Maintaining fluid balance by providing
fluid and keeping a high air humidity to
prevent too great a loss from skin and
respiratory evaporation.
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12. • oxygen supplementation
by head hood or nasal
cannula.
• measurement of
temperature, respiration,
cardiac function,
oxygenation, and brain
activity.
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13. Radiant warmer
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• Or giraffe bed.
• It provide, maintain
control heat to the
newborn body.
• Essential for
metabolism and
vital stability.
14. Anaesthesia machine
• medical device used to generate and
mix a fresh gas flow of medical gases
and inhalational anaesthetic agents for
the purpose of inducing and maintaining
anaesthesia.
• "anaesthesia machine" refers only to
the component which generates the gas
flow but today known for as follows:
– mechanical ventilator,
– breathing system(mask, balloon, tubing etc.)
– patient monitoring devices
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18. Why ?
• Provides data of cardiovascular system
for interpretation.
• measures the blood pressure inside the
veins, heart, and arteries.
• measures blood flow and blood oxygen.
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23. Firstly, pressure transducer
• Device that reads fluctuations in
pressure .
• Converts pressure change into
electrical signal that is displayed as
waveform on monitor.
• It is common for
– Arterial line
– central venous (CV)
– Pulmonary artery (PA) and
– Intracranical pressure (ICP)
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26. Arterial line
• thin catheter inserted into an artery.
• It is most commonly used in intensive
care medicine and anesthesia.
• monitor blood pressure directly and in
real-time
• provides samples for arterial blood gas
analysis.
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29. Pulmonary artery catheter (PAC)
• right heart catheter or swan-ganz
catheter
• Pulmonary artery catheter is inserted
through a central vein (femoral, jugular,
antecubital or brachial) to connect to the
right side of the heart and advance
towards the pulmonary artery.
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32. proximal port
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• Also known as CVP port.
• measures right atrial or central venous
pressure.
• It is also used for medication infusion
and fluid boluses for cardiac output
measurement.
33. distal port
• used for PA pressure measurements
and PCWP measurements when the
balloon is inflated.
• Mixed venous blood gases can also be
drawn from this port.
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34. balloon port
• located at the tip of the catheter
• inflated with a small amount of air (less than
1.5cc).
• wedge position :
– floating of catheter in a pulmonary artery branch
vessel when balloon is inflated .
• This position allows indirect pressure
measurements of left ventricular (LV) end
diastolic pressure.
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35. thermistor port
• displays continuous temperature readings
when connected monitor.
• essential to calculate cardiac output (CO)
measurements.
• located just proximal to the balloon.
• In order to determine the cardiac output value,
– cool injectate through the PA catheter proximal
port
– cool injectate causes the pulmonary artery
temperature to fall.
– core temperature rises back to the previous as
warm blood continues in circulation.
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38. Pulse oximeter
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A small, lightweight device
measures pulse rate
and oxygen saturation level
in blood (SpO2)
Works by measuring
changes of light
absorption in oxygenated
or deoxygenated blood.
39. uses
• Disease Diagnostic purpose:
– chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
– asthma
– pneumonia
– lung cancer
– Anemia
• Help to understand breathing need
• ventilator status
• to monitor oxygen levels during or after
surgical procedures that require sedation
• to evaluate breathing stoppage while sleeping
(sleep apnea)
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40. capnograph
• Measure CO2 partial pressure in
exhaled or expirated air.
• Also called “end tidal” CO (ETCO2).
• Usually connected between ventilator
and endotracheal tube or a mask.
• Purpose :
– To show patients respiratory status.
– Diagnostic tool for asthma, congestive heart
failure, diabetes, circulatory shock,
pulmonary embolus, acidosis, and other
conditions.
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43. Glucometer
• It is a small, portable machine that measure
approximate concentration of glucose in the
blood.
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Continuous Glucose
Monitoring System
44. Strip test type Glucometer
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glucometer
pricker
Test strips
45. Bed side monitor
• It measure using sensors and record,
distribute and display combinations of
biometric values or parameter such as:
– Pulse (heart rate),
– Oxygen saturation ( SpO2),
– blood pressure,
– Body temperature
– respiration rate
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47. Blood pressure device
• Also called sphygmomanometer.
• composed of an inflatable cuff to
collapse and then release the artery
controlled manner so that mercury or
aneroid manometer can measure the
pressure.
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49. Electrocardiography (ECG)
• process of producing an electrocardiogram
• voltage versus time graph of the electrical
activity of the heart using electrodes placed on
the skin.
• captures overall magnitude and direction of
electrical depolarization throughout the cardiac
cycle.
• Purpose :
– information about heart rate and rhythm, and
– shows if there is enlargement of the heart due to
high blood pressure (hypertension) or evidence of
a previous heart attack (myocardial infarction).
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53. Intracranial pressure monitor
• It shows status of cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) pressure .
• It uses small pressure-sensitive probe
that is inserted through the skull.
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57. Mechanical ventilator
• Machine that helps a patient breathe
(ventilate) when they are having surgery
or cannot breathe on their own due to a
critical illness.
• types of ventilation on basis of :
– Invasiveness
• Invasive (tracheostomy tube used)
• Non invasive (Face or nasal masks used)
– Pressure
• Positive pressure (air push/fill lungs)
• Negative pressure (air suck)
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60. positive-pressure mechanical
ventilators
• Transport ventilators
• Intensive-care ventilators
• Neonatal ventilators (Bubble CPAP)
– deliver smaller, more precise volumes and
pressures
• Positive airway pressure ventilators
(PAP)
– Also called Continuous PAP.
– use for treatment of conditions such as
sleep apnea or COPD.
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61. negative-pressure mechanical
ventilators
• A mechanical ventilator
that stimulates breathing
by periodically applying
negative air pressure to
expand and contract the
chest cavity.
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62. Continuous positive air pressure
machine(CPAP)
• A positive pressure ventilator.
• used to treat Obstructive Sleep Apnea
(OSA).
• The continuous supply of pressurized
air from the CPAP machine applies
enough pressure to keep your airways
open while sleeping.
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63. Laryngoscope
• an instrument for
examining the larynx,
or for inserting a tube
through it.
• Types:
− Macintosh
− Miller
− Polio
− Bullard
− Upsher
− Bonfils
− Airtraq
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68. Airway
• Airway management includes a set of
maneuvers and medical procedures
performed to prevent and relieve airway
obstruction.
• Types :
– Orophyrageal Airway
– Nasopharyngeal Airway
– laryngeal mask Airway (LMA)
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71. Infusion pump
• It infuses fluids(IV), medication or
nutrients into a patient's circulatory
system.
• Types :
–Large volume
pumps can pump fluid replacement such as
Saline solution, antibiotics medications or nutrient
solutions in large amount.
–Small-volume
pumps infuse hormones, such as insulin, or
other medicines, such as opiates.
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73. Syringe pump
• A small infusion pump used to gradually
administer small amounts of fluid to a
patient or for use in chemical and
biomedical research.
• Purpose:
used for palliative care, to continuously
administer analgesics (painkillers),
antiemetics (medication to suppress
nausea and vomiting) and other drugs.
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75. Crash cart (resuscitation cart)
• used in hospitals for
transportation and
dispensing of
emergency medication
and equipment at site
of medical and
surgical emergency for
life support.
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76. Fluid warmer
• it is a medical device used in
healthcare facilities for warming fluids,
crystalloid, colloid, or blood product,
prior to being administered to body
temperature levels in order to prevent
hypothermia in physically traumatized
or surgical patients.
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78. Patient Warming system
• It is a convective
temperature management system used
to maintain a patient's core body
temperature.
• prevent hypothermia.
• consists of :
– reusable warming unit and
– single-use disposable warming blankets for
use before, during and after surgery.
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82. Intermittent pneumatic compression
• It is a therapeutic technique that include
an air pump and inflatable auxiliary
sleeves, gloves or boots in a system.
• designed to improve venous circulation
in the limbs of patients who suffer
– edema or
– the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or
– pulmonary embolism (PE).
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83. Sequential compression device
• utilize sleeves with separated areas or
pockets of inflation, which works to
squeeze on sequential action.
• Four types of sleeves / cuffs are
available:
– All parts on Tibia (known as calf pump)
– Below knee including toe.
– Full length from thigh to toe.
– Arm Sleeve /cuff.
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86. intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP)
• mechanical device that increases
myocardial oxygen perfusion and
indirectly increases cardiac output
through afterload reduction.
• consists of a cylindrical polyurethane
balloon that sits in the aorta,
approximately 2 centimeters (0.79 in)
from the left subclavian artery.
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87. defibrillators
• devices that restore a normal heartbeat
by sending an electric pulse or shock to
the heart through the adhesive
electrode pads or paddle.
• Purpose :
– heart beat restoration
– Preventing ventricular fibrillation,
tachycardia, arrhythmia
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91. Manual external Defibrillator
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• require expertise
healthcare professional
for cardiac rhythm
diagnosis and electrical
shock delivery.
• Setting energy levels
and shock delivery
manually.
92. automatic external Defibrillator
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advantages
• lower energy levels,
• lower risk of skin burns,
• less myocardial injury and dysfunction
• use by untrained or
briefly trained persons.
• Contain in built
technology for analysis
of heart rhythms.
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• Disadvantages
– delay delivery of effective CPR.
– stopping of chest compressions and rescue
breathing for rhythm diagnosis.
automatic external Defibrillator
94. Implantable cardio-verter defibrillator (ICD)
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• Example: pacemaker.
• Placed under the skin
through the incision
(on chest or abdomen
or just below the
collarbone) in
non-dominant side.
95. Nebulizer
• It is a drug delivery device
used to administer
medication in the form of a
mist inhaled into the lungs.
• Working Venturi principle.
• used for the treatment of
asthma, cystic fibrosis,
COPD and other respiratory
diseases or disorders.
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98. Nasal cannula
• used to deliver
supplemental oxygen or
increased airflow to a
patient in need of
respiratory help.
• consists of a lightweight
tube which on one end
splits into two prongs
placed in the nostrils from
which mixture of air and
oxygen flows.
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101. Endoscope
• A lighted optical instrument that is used
to get a deep look inside the body for
diagnostic or therapeutic purposes .
• An endoscope, which may be rigid or
flexible, can be used to examine
organs, such as the throat or
esophagus.
• Types
– Rigid tubular
– Flexible (fiber-optic)
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102. • Specialized endoscopes are named for
where they are intended to look.
• Examples :
– cystoscope (bladder),
– nephroscope (kidney),
– bronchoscope (bronchi),
– laryngoscope (larynx),
– otoscope (ear),
– arthroscope (joint),
– laparoscope (abdomen), and
– gastrointestinal endoscopes
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104. Bronchoscope
• Bronchoscopy is an endoscopic
technique of visualizing the inside of the
airways for diagnostic and therapeutic
purposes.
• An instrument (bronchoscope) is
inserted into the airways, usually
through the nose or mouth, or
occasionally through a tracheostomy.
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105. purpose
• to examine the patient's airways for
abnormalities such as foreign bodies,
bleeding, tumors, or inflammation.
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107. Mobile x-ray units
• Mobile radiographic units consist of a
wheeled cart that transports an x-ray
generator ,an x-ray tube and moveable
tubestand, collimators, and a film-
cassette or flat-panel detector storage
drawer.
• On some units, the x-ray exposure is
powered directly from the line voltage.
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109. endotracheal tube
• Also called Breathing tube .
• It is a catheter that is inserted into the
trachea for the primary purpose of
establishing and maintaining a patient
airway and to ensure the adequate
exchange of oxygen and carbon
dioxide.
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110. Types
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• oral or nasal,
• cuffed or uncuffed,
• reinforced tubes, and
• double-lumen endobronchial tubes
116. Nasogastric (NG) tube
• Feeding tube
• made of polyurethane or silicone.
• provides nutrition to people who
– cannot obtain nutrition by mouth,
– are unable to swallow safely, or
– need nutritional supplementation.
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120. cannula
• Also intravenous (IV) cannula.
• It is a tube inserted into the body , for
the delivery or removal of fluid or for the
gathering of samples.
• a cannula can surround the inner or
outer surfaces of a trocar needle.
• Its size mainly ranges from 14 to 24
gauge.
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122. Intravenous (IV) line catheter
• involves the delivery of medication,
blood or fluids directly into the
bloodstream.
• Types :
– Peripherial inserted central venous catheter
(PICC)
– Internal jugular central venous catheter (CVC)
– Tunneled central venous catheter
– Non tunneled central venous catheter
– Midline catheter
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128. Suction catheter
• is a medical device used to extract
bodily secretions, such as mucus or
saliva from the upper airway.
• connects to a suction machine or
collection canister.
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130. Urinary catheter
• It is a hollow, partially flexible tube that
collects urine from the bladder and
leads to a drainage bag.
• Can be made of rubber, plastic (PVC)
and silicone.
• Types :
– Indwelling catheters (ex. Foley)
– External catheters
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