5. Eukaryotic cell A eukaryote (pronounced /juːˈkæriɒt/ or /juːˈkærioʊt/ ) is an organism whose cells contain complex structures inside the membranes . The defining membrane-bound structure that sets eukaryotic cells apart from prokaryotic cells is the nucleus , or nuclear envelope , within which the genetic material is carried. [1] [2] [3] The presence of a nucleus gives eukaryotes their name, which comes from the Greek ευ (eu, "good", "noble" & "true") and κάρυον (karyon, "nut" & "kernel"). Most eukaryotic cells also contain other membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria , chloroplasts and the Golgi apparatus . Almost all species of large organisms are eukaryotes, including animals , plants and fungi , although most species of eukaryotic protists are microorganisms .
6. Prokaryotic cell The prokaryotes are divided into two domains: the bacteria and the archaea . Archaea were recognized as a domain of life in 1990. These organisms were originally thought to live only in inhospitable conditions such as extremes of temperature , pH , and radiation but have since been found in all types of habitats .
11. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and some viruses . The main role of DNA molecules is the long-term storage of information . DNA is often compared to a set of blueprints or a recipe, or a code , since it contains the instructions needed to construct other components of cells , such as proteins and RNA molecules. The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes , but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in regulating the use of this genetic information.