Session 1.3 context information management across smart city knowledge domains

Context Information Management across
Smart City knowledge domains
Dr. Lindsay Frost
Chairman, ETSI ISG CIM
(supported by NEC Europe)
(C) ETSI 2017 and NEC Europe
Introduction from NECIntroduction from NEC
Status of ETSI ISG CIM
Amsterdam 12th September, SEMANTICS2017

2 © NEC Corporation 2017
Digital Transformation not just inevitable ... essential !
Source: http://jpn.nec.com/profile/vision/pdf/vision2015b_en.pdf

Challenge for City’s Digital Transformation
How can city leaders
achieve their high-level
objectives?
Fire
dept.
Police
dept.
Energy
dept.
Traffic
dept.
High-level Objective
Fire AlertVideo
Surveillance
BEMS Congestion
Prediction
Solution Solution Solution Solution
Budget
Mission
Budget
Mission
Budget
Mission
Budget
Mission
How to bridge?
Specific outcomes in silos
AI-IoT solutions do exist
Agencies are siloed
so is budget
so are solutions
But
City leader

Digital City/Government
• Data-centric city operation
• Inter-agency collaboration
• Citizen’s engagement
Transformation
Transformation into Digital City/Government
Smart City
Buildings Utilities Transportation Public Safety
Efficiency enhanced
for Sustainability

Introduction to ISG CIM
CONTEXT INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
Contact Lindsay Frost, ETSI ISG CIM Chairman. CIM@neclab.eu
Public description of ideas, to obtain feedback.
ETSI ISG CIM
https://portal.etsi.org/CIM

Goals of this public presentation
Introduce the scope and status of ETSI ISG CIM
for exchanging Context Information
Explain "what is an ETSI ISG (Industry Specification Group)"
Explain the wide spectrum of applications intended,
e.g. SmartCity, SmartAgrifood, SmartIndustry
Get your feedback on our ideas and design choices (so far)
Hear "best practise" :
for Semantics, IoT, Open Data and Open Source
from Standardisation, Academic and Industry communities
Get "buy in" of potential users and interworking partners
© ETSI 2017. All rights reserved 6

Scope and status of ETSI ISG CIM
for exchanging Context Information
7© ETSI 2017. All rights reserved

Who is ETSI ISG CIM?
Industry Specification Group of ETSI (www.etsi.org )
• composed of ETSI and non-ETSI members cooperating with a specific
scope of work (terms of reference), no fees, low overhead
• IPR rules and infrastructure same as ETSI (physical and virtual meetings)
• documents are published by ETSI
• lifespan of the ISG is typically 2 years (get the job done fast)
• work independent of other Technical Groups ("green field" development)
25 Member and Participant Organisations (at 20170906)
British Telecommunications plc (UK) M
Climate Associates Ltd (UK) M
Convida Wireless LLC (US) M
DEKRA Testing and Certification S.A.U. (ES) M
Easy Global Market SAS (FR) M
eG4U (FR) M
FACHHOCHSCHULE NORDWESTSCHWEIZ (CH) P
FIM UPM (ES) M
FIWARE FOUNDATION (DE) M
Future Cities Catapult (UK) M
GSM Association (UK) P
HOP Ubiquitous S.L. (ES) P
IMEC vzw (BE) M
INTRACOM TELECOM SOLUTIONS SA (GR) P
Knowledge Harvesting, Inc. (US) P
Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI) (KR) P
Localidata (ES) P
National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) (UK) M
NEC Europe Ltd (UK) M
Nokia (DE) M
Odin Solutions S.L. (ES) P
Orange S.A. (FR) M
Telefonica S.A. (ES) M
TNO (NL) M
Ubiwhere, Lda (PT) M
... grown from 5 members in February 2017

Terms of Reference
Develop technical specifications and reports
to enable multiple organisations to develop interoperable
software implementations of a cross-cutting Context
Information Management (CIM) Layer.
Define standard API for Context Information Management
(CIM-API) enabling close to real-time update/access to
information from many different sources (not only IoT).
Enable applications to register context providers, update
context, get actual and historic context information,
subscribe for notifications on context changes.
Identify appropriate ontologies & data publishing platforms.

Context Information Management Layer
- exchanging information between domains -
10
Open
Data
User
Apps
IoT
Information
Systems
Context
Information
Management
Data
Publication
PlatformsCIM-API
[JSON-LD]
Context
Information
Models
Mca
Applications
EXAMPLE:
Citizen
Complaints
Photo-App
Application
Applications
CIM-API
[JSON-LD]
WiFi 5G LPWAN
© ETSI 2017. All rights reserved
• information-
centric
• interoperable
• replicable
• joining verticals
• improving
regulatory
compliance by
standardisation
Cross-domain: info producers/consumers in OpenData, User Apps, IoT

Cross-domain Use Cases: 1
Cross-domain use cases exploit information usually hidden
within different domains/deployments/implementations:
• Smart Lighting and Smart Parking so that lighting is only provided
when car parking is booked and used in order to save energy.
• Smart Parking and HealthCare to ensure that parking spaces are
available for health professionals when required on-call.
• Smart Buildings and Smart Mobility to ensure that (solar) power is
used to charge electric vehicles when there is excess supply.
• SmartMobility and Environment, using air-quality information to
choose/route traffic paths (cars, trucks, bicycles...)

Cross-domain Use Cases: 2
Cross-domain use cases exploit information usually hidden
within different domains/deployments/implementations:
• E-Health and Smart Appliances to monitor appliances to check if they
have been ‘left on’ by the user (detection of abnormal events).
• SmartGov and User App and IoT: book a public meeting room, from
unoccupied subset, using mobile app
• Aggregating information from different domains for SmartCity KPIs
• Enhancing Linked Data with provenance information, allowing
discovery of data based on topic, licensing, scope, quality, timeliness...
• Automatic reporting of pesticide and nutrients usage by geo-location,
to optimize yields and also report to Environmental Agency

- for a wide range of stakeholders -
13
Open
Data
User
Apps
IoT
Information
Systems
Context
Information
Management
Data
Publication
PlatformsCIM-API
[JSON-LD]
Context
Information
Models
Mca
Applications
EXAMPLE:
Citizen
Complaints
Photo-App
Application
Applications
CIM-API
[JSON-LD]
WiFi 5G LPWAN
Smart City
organisations
System
Integrators
Linked Data
experts
OpenSource
developers
Stakeholders
Public
Authorities
Citizens!
Farmers

What is Context Information ?
contextual information: any information that can be used to
characterize the situation of one or more entities and which is
considered relevant to the interaction between a user and a
service (e.g. software application), and other data elements,
including the user and the service themselves
• Accordingly, the subject of context information is one or more entities,
however whether the additional information is contextual depends on
the interaction between the user and the service (i.e. some information
is completely irrelevant and hence not contextual for a situation).
• In particular, context information includes that which further
characterizes a value associated with an entity, rather than directly the
entity itself.

Activities of ISG CIM

- ETSI documents under development -
Open
Data
User
Apps
IoT
Information
Systems
Context
Information
Management
Data
Publication
PlatformsCIM-API
[JSON-LD]
Context
Information
Models
Mca
Applications
EXAMPLE:
Citizen
Complaints
Photo-App
Application
Applications CIM-API
[JSON-LD]
WiFi 5G LPWAN
CIM-002-UC CIM-003-GAP
CIM-004-APIprelim
CIM-005-DPP
CIM-001-AB(MI)
CIM-006-MOD0
CIM-007-SEC(GRCIM007)

ETSI Work Item Scopes
See: https://portal.etsi.org/tb.aspx?tbid=854&SubTB=854
DMI/CIM-001-AB (MI ) Annotated Bibliography
DGR/CIM-002-UC (GR CIM 002) Use Cases
DGR/CIM-003-GAP (GR CIM 003) Architecture and Gap Analysis
DGS/CIM-004-APIprelim (GS CIM 004) API
DGS/CIM-005-DPP (GS CIM 005) Data Publication Platforms
DGS/CIM-006-MOD0 (GS CIM 006) Information Model(s)
DGR/CIM-007-SEC (GR CIM 007) Security and Privacy
NOTE: Work Items are being handled in parallel, with frequent
cross-checks for consistency, in order to rapidly converge.

State of the art and Gap Analysis

CIM-003-GAP (GR CIM 003)
Architecture and Gap Analysis
19
CIM-003-GAP

CIM-003-GAP (GR CIM 003)
Architecture and Gap Analysis
GAP ANALYSIS
What are the stakeholder goals and requirements ?
What kind of information needs to be exchanged ?
What kinds of queries/filters must be possible ?
How to help existing systems interwork ?
20
CIM-003-GAP

Gap Analysis, e.g. Sustainability KPIs

Gap Analysis, e.g. Provenance

ISG CIM Metamodel:
What kind of info do we need to express ?

ISG CIM Data Model instantiation example:
- what information do we need to express?
Simple example:
Parking
WARNING: The symbols shown are for
discussion and are not necessarily final
24
c_Relationship
c_Relationship with
c_Relationship
with c_Property

ISG CIM Metamodel: UML view

ISG CIM Metamodel: Ontology view

ISG CIM Metamodel: Practical Guidelines
RETURNS ONLY ID
not infinite recursion

ISG CIM Metamodel: Instantiating ...

Developer Viewpoint

ISG CIM Metamodel: JSON-LD Representation
- goal is a simple approach for developers -

ISG CIM Metamodel: JSON-LD Representation

Example response to a GET
GET /entities/Vehicle/P9876K HTTP/1.1
accept: application/ld+json
link: <http://example.org/Vehicle/context.jsonld>; rel="http://www.w3.org/ns/json-
ld#context"; type="application/ld+json”
====================================
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
Content-Type: application/ld+json
33

Supported Architectures

Various Architectures possible using ISG CIM
35
Centralized DistributedFederated

Supporting various Domains

Additional scenarios: KPIs example
An extensible system to model KPIs, including key properties like accuracy [527]
40

Additional scenarios: Provenance example
A provenance-aware quality ontology [567]

Interacting with other SDOs

IoT-related SDOs & Fora: "Formal" overview
ITU-T ITU-R
JTC1
CEN CENELEC
De Jure SDOs PromotingDe Facto SDOs
UK Japan
...
National SDOs:
SG-20
Open-Source
AIOTI

Interacting with oneM2M Base Ontology
Source:OneM2MTS-0012-Base_Ontology-V3_3_0_REVISED.docx
44

Service
Function
Variable
(Value)
ThingProperty
(Property)
Thing
hasThingRelation
CIM-Entity
Device
consistsOf
subClassOfhasService
exposesFunction
Controlling
Function
Measuring
Function
hasFunction
subClassOf
subClassOf
hasThingProperty
Operation
hasOperation
… …
OneM2M Ontology CIM CrossDomain Ontology
CIM-
Relationship
hasSubStructure
. . .
ISG CIM
Cross-domain
Ontology
CIM-
Property
. . . . . .
Re-used
Ontologies 46
CIM-
Value
CIM-006-MOD0
Mapping to oneM2M Base Ontology

Thank you ...
... so please join the effort to converge
Context Information Management.
Contact for further information:
Lindsay Frost, Chairman of ETSI ISG CIM
CIM@neclab.eu ; ISGSupport@etsi.org
+ visit at: https://portal.etsi.org/CIM
47

References
[527] Kotoulas, Spyros. "Semantic and Reasoning Systems for Cities and
Citizens." In Reasoning Web. Reasoning on the Web in the Big Data Era, pp.
369-387. Springer International Publishing, 2014. Accessed 20170821 at
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Spyros_Kotoulas/publication/3000284
33_Semantic_and_Reasoning_Systems_for_Cities_and_Citizens/links/574854
7708ae2301b0b98152.pdf
[567] Baillie, Chris, Peter Edwards, and Edoardo Pignotti. "Qual: A
provenance-aware quality model." Journal of Data and Information Quality
(JDIQ) 5, no. 3 (2015): 12. Accessed 20170818 at
http://aura.abdn.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2164/6051/baillie_acm_jdiq_15.pd
f?sequence=1

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