2. blindness
• Blindness is the inability to see.according to WHO
‘ blindness is the visual field of around 5 degrees
• The cause of the blindness includes:
1. Catarct
2. Diabetic retinopathy
3. Corneal opacity
4. Macular degeneration
5. Vitamin A deficiency etc.
3. blindness
• Blindness is both avoidable and unavoidable.
Avoidable blindness:
• It includes all those causes which when corrected
will not lead t blindness such as correcting
refractive error,catarct,trachoma.
Unavoidable blindness:
It includes thoses causes that cannot be prevented
even with the help of treatment or other
correction such as retinitis pigmentosa, macular
degeneration etc.
4. Low vision
• According to WHO ‘ A person with low vision
is the one who has the impairment of visual
functioning even after standard refractive
correction and has a visual acuity of less than
6/18 to light perception or a visual field less
then 10 degrees and who is potentionally able
to use this vision for the planning and
execution of the tasks
5. Causes of low vision
• Diabetic retinopathy
• Refractive errors
• Catarct
• Age related macular degeneration
• Glaucoma
• Retinitis pigmentosa
• Corneal opacities
• Trachoma etc.
6. Care guidelines for the blind.
• Keep all areas well it.many visually impaired
people do have some working
vision,especially if there is enough light,
• Keep walk ways clear.
• Keep the floor clear of clothing,furniture and
otheritems that a visually impaired person
may trip over.
7. Care guidlenes for blind.
• Do not move furniture.people with visual
impairements map out their environment so
that they can move around safely.
• Keep things organized .keep things in their
place also prevents accidents.
• Keep drawers and cabinets closed. A partially
open cabinet or drawer creats a dangerous
obstacles.
8. Care guidelines for blinds
• Mark stairs and doors with contrasting
colors.of the person ha some working
vision,the colors will make the outlines of the
stair or a door easier to see.
• Announce your arrival and departure.as you
enter a room ,let the person know you are
there;when you leave ,say you are going.
Announce your presence if you are already in
the room when the blind person enters.
9. Care guidelines for blinds
• Let the person initiate touch if he wants you
to somewhere .
• Walk one step ahead when leading.
10. Specialized services for blind and
visually impaired
• Talking products: talking calculators ,clocks
, watches etc.
• Come and go safely with a long cane or dong
guide.
• Use computers with speech synthesizers or
large-print displays.
• Take care of their homes and personals needs
using specially designed techniques.
