N10

1. CULTURE

2. What
Does CULTURE
Mean

3.  the systems of knowledge shared by a relatively large group of
people
 the beliefs, customs, arts, etc., of a particular society, group,
place, or time
 refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience,
beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions
of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and
material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people
in the course of generations through individual and group
striving.
 A way of life of a group of people -the behaviors, beliefs, values,
and symbols that they accept, generally without thinking about
them, and that are passed along by communication and
imitation from one generation to the next.

6.  a story about an unusual event or occurrence that many people
believe is true but that is not true
 Common folklore that is actually quite scary
when you think about it
 an often lurid story or anecdote that is based on
hearsay and widely circulated as true —called
also urban myth
 is an apocryphal, secondhand story, alleged to be
true and just plausible enough to be believed, about
some horrific, embarrassing, ironic, or exasperating series
of events that supposedly happened to a real person.

7.  An urban legend, popular legend, of fictional stories
with macabre elements deeply urban myth, urban
tale or contemporary legend is a form of modern
folklore consisting rooted in local popular culture
 Used for entertainment purposes, as well as for semi-serious
explanations for random events such as disappearances and
strange objects.
 Despite its name, an urban legend does not necessarily originate
in an Urban Area. Rather, the term is used to differentiate modern
legend from traditional folklore of pre-industrial times. For this
reason, sociologistsand folklorist prefer the term "contemporary
legend". Because people frequently allege that such tales
happened to a ”friend of a friend “ (FOAF), the phrase has
become a commonly used term when recounting this type of
story.

8. Features or
Characteristics
1. They occur with no known
author
2. They contain bits of horror or
humor, often to reinforce a
social norm or acceptable
behavior
3. Characters are not usually
developed, the story is too
short.A manA womanA child
4. They must be interesting and
easy to retell

9. Examples of Philippine
Urban Legends

10. Maria Labo
 A popular urban legend especially
in the Visayas
 tells the story of a woman who
killed and then cooked her two
young children.
It’s not exactly clear what prompted her to do so
as there are several variations to the legend, with
some saying that she was an overseas worker
who had become an aswang after being cursed
or that she was just a human being who became
deranged.
When her husband came home and asked for
the children’s whereabouts, she answered that
she had killed and cooked them. Enraged, her
husband slashed her face with a bolo, hence the
moniker “Labo.” Since then, she has been
roaming the countryside hunting for other victims
to satiate her hunger

11. The Headless Priest
 Chances are you may have experienced being
scared by old folks as a child about a headless
priest coming out of your wound. As absurd as that
may have sounded when you grew older, it just
proves that stories of headless priests are aliveand
well, especially when November is drawing near.
 As their name suggests, these clergymen roam
universities, graveyards, churches, or any other
conveniently eerie places. Sometimes they carry
their heads with them; other times they do not, and
are ostensibly searching for them.
 As to why they lost their heads, these priests were
said to have been decapitated either by Filipino
revolutionaries during the Revolution or by
Japanese soldiers during World War II. Urban
legends about priests have also been most likely
reinforced with earlier stories of biblical figures and
martyrs who had been beheaded, like St. John the
Baptist for example.

12. The Jeepney Ride.
 An urban legend meant to showcase
the hazards of riding a jeepney alone
at night especially if you’re a girl, the
story starts when a woman goes into a
jeep without any passenger but herself
and a driver at night.
 When she asks to be dropped at her
stop, the driver takes a glance at her
through the rear view mirror and
continues on driving. By this time, the
girl is now worried that he might be
planning something evil. After some
time however, he finally drops her off
at her stop.
 Before she could hurriedly depart, the
woman was told by the driver that she
should immediatelyburn her clothes
because when he looked at her
through the mirror, she had no head—
an omen signifying her death.

13. White Lady
 The White Lady is undoubtedly one of the
country’s most famous ghosts, with every
locality having their own version of this
ghastly apparition of a woman with long,
black hair and wearing an all-white dress.
 The White Lady is usually a woman with a
sad past, having been murdered or dying in
an accident. As we’ve said, although there
are many stories about White Ladies, the
most famous concerns the one who is said
to reside in Quezon City’s Balete Drive.

14. White Lady
According to different variations of the
urban legend, the White Lady was a
young woman who died either in a car
accident or was raped and killed by
Japanese soldiers (in another version it’s a
taxi driver). Since then, she supposedly
appears to any motorist brave enough to
go through that area alone at night.
Sometimes, she suddenly appears in the
rear view of the car, her face full of blood
and bruises. Other times, she asks cab
drivers to give her a ride and then
suddenly disappear without a trace.
Moral of the story: Never go alone when
you’re driving through Balete Drive.

15. Being Kidnapped By
An Engkanto
• Engkantos, more commonly known as fairies in other parts of the world, are
known by Filipinos to be whimsical and mischievous. When in a bad mood,
they are said to inflict diseases and madness upon a human target and are
held by some folks to be the cause of an unknown sickness being suffered by
an otherwise healthy individual.
• However, the most unsettling stories about engkantos are their penchant for
kidnapping a human they are smitten with and then bringing their abductee
into their realm. Accounts of being abducted by an engkanto are numerous
across the archipelago and persists even in urban areas.
• Although the belief in engkantos may have originated with our ancestors, a
Jesuit named Francisco Demetrio also theorized that the fair-skinned
engkantos actually were metaphors for Spanish friars who abducted and
abused Filipina women.

16.  If Mt. Banahaw is considered a holy mountain,
then Mt. Cristobal is its total opposite. Located
in Laguna, the mountain has been regarded
as the “Devil’s Mountain” by locals due to the
countless horror stories and legends that
pervade its slope.
 It is reported that supernatural creatures roam
the mountain while stories of foolhardy hikers
trekking the mountain at night and
disappearing without a trace are also
abundant. Creepily, the devil himself is said to
reside in the mountain. Don’t take our word
for it; hikers and tourists can attest to the eerie,
otherworldly feeling whenever they go to that
mountain.
Mt. Cristobal (The Devil’s Mountain)

17.  People believedthat floods are caused by mermaids (aka sirena) being
held captive. In Pangasinan, the folks think that the rivers criss-crossing
Dagupan were a mermaid’s tears. One story in Angono wassaid to have a
sighting of a mermaid with long hair, resting on a rock, attracting fishermen
and swimmers with her singing, then eventually drowningthem.
 There was even an email that circulated years ago of a corpse of a
merman found along the shores of Sorsogon.It wasthen reported as hoax.
 Until now,no one knows if this story is true or just an imagination. Many
believed that there’s a particular science buildingwith glass dome that is
rumored to be a mermaid’s tank.
Mermaid in the Philippines