The document covers grammar points related to the present perfect, including: - Forming the positive, negative, and interrogative forms of the present perfect with have/has and the past participle - Using ever and never with the present perfect - Using just, already, still, yet with the present perfect - Using for and since with the present perfect to indicate duration or a specific point in time It also covers forming and using the present perfect continuous tense.

1. UNIT 4 & 5
• PRESENT PERFECT
• EVER & NEVER
• JUST, STILL, ALREADY, YET
• FOR & SINCE
• PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

2. PRESENT PERFECT
Sujeto + have/has + Participle.
POSITIVE
Ángel has written a recommedation letter for Naiara.
NEGATIVE:
Ángel hasn’t written a recommendation letter for Naiara.
INTERROGATIVE:
Has Ángel written a recommendation letter for Naiara?

3. NEVER / EVER
• Have you ever been to London?
• Has she ever downloaded photos from the Internet?
• I have never been to London.
• She has never downloaded photos from the Internet.
NEVER is located
Between the verbs.
Positive form
(not negative)
EVER is located
After the subject.

4. YET, JUST, ALREADY, STILL
JUST Acabar de…
(acción recién hecha)
Entre los verbos Afirmativa
ALREADY Ya…
(acción terminada)
Entre los verbos Afirmativa
STILL Todavía, aún
(acción no terminada
hasta el momento
presente)
Al principio del verbo Negativa (PTE PER)
Afirmativa (PTE)
YET Todavía,aún
(acción que debería
haber ocurrido, o
esperamos que ocurra
pronto)
Al final de la oración Negativa
Interrogativa

5. Mr Gonzo todavía no ha aparecido en el
escenario.
_____________________________________
Mr. Lena acaba de terminar de estudiar inglés.
_____________________________________
Acabo de conocer al hermano de Mr. Pedro en el
concierto.
_____________________________________
Hiba ya ha subido el archivo a la página web.
_____________________________________

6. • Mary P. acaba de compartir ese archivo con mi
cuenta de Google.
_______________________________________
Elena P. no ha visitado todavía Canadá, pero
espera hacerlo este año.
_______________________________________
Anabel todavía no ha salido del colegio.
_______________________________________
Beatriz ya ha comprado las latas de atún en el
supermercado.
_______________________________________

7. SINCE AND FOR
Since and for (desde…durante… hace)
• Since + specific point in the past when the action started
Mario hasn’t played volleyball since last summer.
• For + duration, length of time
Summer
????
Mario hasn’t played volleyball for ages.
(desde hace o durante mucho tiempo)

8. PRESENT PERFECT: SINCE / FOR
FOR SINCE
“Durante”
Sin un momento preciso en el tiempo.
“Desde “
Precisamos un punto en el tiempo de
la acción.
For…
Ages
Years.
Days
Weeks
A few hours
A long time
A while.
Since…
2017
January
Monday
The last day I met Mr. Gonzalo.
Last weekend.
12:30
I haven’t seen Mr. Palaces for a while.
Vega hasn’t played cello for one week.
I haven’t seen Mr. Palaces since
12:30.
Vega hasn’t played cello since the last
week we were together.

11. PTE PERFECT – P.P.CONTINUOUS
• Iker has updated his profile in Instagram.
Iker ha actualizado su perfil en Instagram.
• Iker has been updating his profile in Instagram
Iker ha estado actualizando su perfil en
Instagram.

12. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
SUJETO + HAVE/HAS + PARTICIPLE + VERB ING-FORM
POSITIVE
Mr. Palaces has been studying this exam for a long time.
Mary Pavon and Ángel have been thinking how to celebrate their next
birthday.
NEGATIVE
Mr. Palaces hasn’t been studying this exam for a long time.
Mary Pavon and Ángel haven’t been thinking how to celebrate their next
birthday.
INTERROGATIVE
Has Mr. Palace been studying this exam for a long time?
Have you been thinking how to celebrate your next birthday?

13. • Ángel (give) examples based on milky cows (since/for) the
beginning of the academical year. What a drag!
Ángel has been giving examples based on milky cows since the beginning
of the academical year. What a drag!
• Mr. Gonzo (play) football (for/since) a long time.
• Bea and Laurilla (send) messages (for/since) yesterday.
• Mr. Pedro (record) a video (for/since) last Monday.
• Vega (create) publicity for her new music band (since/for)
• Carol (write) her novel (for/since) three months. It will be a
success.
• Marta (appear) on the TV (since/for) she started to win
athletic competitions.
• Mr. Collado and Mario (get) good reviews thanks to their last
musical hit.
• Mr. Balsera (do) interviews to Mr. Collado (for/since) he has
released his last hit “love me tender, baby”