3.processes in developing agricultural national appropriate mitigation actions vr
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3.processes in developing agricultural national appropriate mitigation actions vr
- 1. Processes in developing National Appropriate Mitigation Actions plans… that are locally adapted Valentina Robiglio “Synergy between Adaptation and Mitigation in the Land-based Sector: Best Practices from Indonesia and Elsewhere” Official Side Event UNFCCC COP 20 -Lima, Peru Friday, 5th December 2014; 16:45-18:15 Venue: Room Sipan
- 2. NAMAs: Any action that reduces emissions in developing countries, prepared under the umbrella of a national governmental initiative. Policies directed at transformational change within an economic sector, or actions across sectors for a broader national focus. Supported and enabled by technology, financing, and capacity-building and aimed at achieving a reduction in emissions relative to 'business as usual' in 2020. http://unfccc.int/focus/mitigation/items/7172txt.php
- 3. NAMAs: …only a small group of NAMAs in the AFOLU sector http://www.nama-database.org/
- 4. Agricultural and forest NAMAs FORESTRY Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation Afforestation / reforestation Degraded land management / landscape restoration Improved / sustainable forest management Forest conservation AGRICULTURE Reducing on-farm emissions Improve cropland management (e.g. reduced burning), CH4 reduction Improve livestock management Manure management Enhancing removals/ carbon sequestration increase soil organic matter content increase plant organic matter rehabilitation of agriculturally used peatlands and wetlands Reduced deforestation, and reversal of degradation could links with agricultural intensification and CSA Avoiding emissions increase efficiency of agricultural equipment and operations, reduction of fuel consumption, use of alternative energies use of biomass waste for agricultural processing energy or electricity production
- 5. General processes in NAMAs design • “standard” steps Identification emissions hot spots and mitigation opportunities Type of mitigation interventions Baseline Barriers http://mitigationpartnership.net/nama-tool-steps-moving-nama-idea- towards-implementation
- 6. PERU: Agricultural and forest NAMAs? LULUCF Agriculture
- 7. PERU: Agriculture and forest NAMAs?
- 8. PERU: Agriculture and forest NAMAs? An integrated approach to agricultural NAMAs for the sustainable, productive landscapes in the Peruvian Amazon
- 9. PERU: Agriculture and forest NAMAs? SECTORIAL NAMAs in an integrated land based design
- 10. Ex: inputs for the design of a CACAO NAMA • Carbon footprint • Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) • Carbon Balance Carbon footprint is expressed as the amount of kg of CO2e emitted to produce one kg of a product Carbon footprint = kg CO2e / kg dried cacao Carbon Balance CB = Σ CO2e Removals - Σ CO2e Emissions
- 11. Emissions impact and ways to reduce emissions
- 12. Emissions impact and ways to reduce emissions FARM LEVEL POST-HARVESTING FARMERS and FARMERS’ ASSOCIATION INDUSTRY TRANSPORT MARKETING
- 13. Management swing potential of cacao at the farm level “Management swing potential”: the range of the effects of management practices on the environment (Devis et al. 2013) C t /Ha σ Sp Kg/ha Farm/HH resilience - Establishment practices (previous land use, land prepration and planting practices) - Levels of shade, density , diversity (functional) of companion trees - Soil management - Pest management (Dehu et al. In preparation)
- 14. Management swing potential of cacao, landscape level Habitat loss Connectivity loss Land Sharing versus Sparing ? ES as watershed functions that are closely linked to adaptation strategies Tscharntke et al. 2014, Schroth et al. 2014, Harvey et al. 2014 etc..
- 15. Steps for locally adapted NAMAs Characterize the various producing regions and vegetation types Cacao AFS typologies and technical protocols, management prescriptions, actual practices (establishment trajectory) and producers’ profiles Opportunity costs and trade-offs that can relate carbon balance to benefits for each context Identify local technical and insititutional barriers for mitigation and adaptation Integrate sectorial planning in land use planning activities (Macro/Meso /Micro)
- 16. Conclusion • Agricultural NAMAs can be part of the solution to implement long-term land based mitigation strategies • Agricultural NAMAs can be fine-tuned to be locally adapted and enhance mitigation/adatpation synergies across scales • Land use planning is the link to switch from a sectorial perspective to a landscape integrated perspective
- 17. Thank you
Editor's Notes
- The concept of NAMAs was introduced in the Bali Action Plan 2007 as:
- The main activities dealing with forestry concern the reduction of deforestation, reafforestation. Some countries target the REDD mechanism, while others just specify forest protection. Reforestation and afforestation activities are quoted. Reduced deforestation and land use change could also link with agriculture intensification. Agriculture sector: The main proposed activities focus on crop improvements through the production and use of improved seeds allowing for increases in yields and better adaptation to climate change. But also ….Activities proposed by countries reflect the concern for adaptation purposes (drought-resilient varieties, irrigation) that could be implemented together with mitigation targets
- Assess national framework conditions for mitigation, including the political and governance framework and general barriers for climate policy implementation. Consider relevant national strategies or plans as well as time horizons in the global climate process until 2015 (when a global agreement shall be negotiated) and 2020 (when the global emission peak must be reached). Assess bottom -up where gaps remain in existing policies in order to address national development needs and priorities and identify needed measures to be implemented applying emission reduction targets to them. A LEDS – given one exists already – can provide the framework for the development and implementation of NAMAs, as well as help to identify synergies and align with national development planning processes. If there is already a LEDS in place, the process of NAMA development can proceed directly from Step 3 onwards
- National inventory
- An indicator of the amount of GHG emitted to the atmosphere, due to activities of production and consumption of goods and services of anthropogenic origin (PAS 2050; 2008). CO2e = CO2 + CH4 + N2O The main difference between a carbon footprint and an LCA, beyond the number of impact categories examined, is that the carbon footprint separates out the inputs into (1) Scope 1 – all direct GHG emissions associated with owned or controlled activities; (2) Scope 2 – indirect GHG emissions from purchase electricity, heat or steam; and (3) Scope 3 – other indirect emissions such as transport-related activities in vehicles that are not owned by the organization, waste disposal etc.[2], whereas, an LCA commonly separates the inputs into life cycle phase (raw material extraction, manufacturing, distribution, use and disposal), regardless of who owns or controls the activity causing the emission.
- LAND BASED COMPONENT VERTICAL ASPATIAL COMPONENT
- Farmers and farmers association
- Previous land use at site of crop establishment: Land preparation: biomass removal, selective logging etc… Planting management of associated trees species diversity + functional diversity + associated tree density Management practices soil pest and disease management (see table-en preparation). Use of fertilizers and chemical inputs
- Furthermore, we must take into account existing biodiversity conservation commitments, environmental services such as watershed functions that are closely linked to adaptation strategies for climate change, and decentralization of governance systems