course materials

1. Assignment: Discuss the impact of disasters on a community
Assignment: Discuss the impact of disasters on a community ON Assignment: Discuss the
impact of disasters on a communityRead chapter 22 and 28 of the class textbook and review
the attached PowerPoint presentations. Once done, answer the following questions.Identify
and discuss the major health problems among the various homeless aggregates in your
community.Mention and discuss three factors that contribute to homelessness and how
affects your communityMention and discuss the stages of disaster management.Discuss the
impact of disasters on a community.As stated in the syllabus present your assignment in
an APA format word document, Arial 12 font attached to the forum in the discussion tab of
the blackboard titled “Week 7 discussion questions” and the SafeAssign exercise in the
assignment tab of the blackboard which is a mandatory requirement. A minimum of 2
evidence-based references (besides the class textbook) no older than 5 years must be used.
You must post two replies to any of your peers sustained with the proper references no
older than 5 years as well and make sure the references are properly quoted in your
assignment. The replies can’t be posted on the same day, I must see different dates in the
replies. A minimum of 700 words is required (excluding the first and reference page).
Please make sure to follow the instructions as given and use either spell-check or
Grammarly before you post your assignment.Please check your assignment after the week is
due and or grade because I either made comments or ask for clarification in some replies or
the assignment that required your response.Assignment: Discuss the impact of disasters on
a communityattachment_1attachment_2attachment_3Unformatted Attachment
PreviewChapter 22 Substance Abuse and Misuse as Community Health Problems
Definitions of Substance Abuse • Substance abuse: the use of any drug (alcohol, street drugs,
prescription and over-the-counter medications) that results in a loss of control over the
amount taken and when it is taken • Dependence or addiction: present when there are
physiological symptoms that occur with withdrawal of the substance Scope of Substance
Abuse • Illicit drug use • Use of alcohol • Use of Tobacco Impact of Substance Abuse on
Society • • • Preventable morbidity and mortality Healthcare costs Costs to society Impact
of Substance Abuse on the Individual • • • • • • • • Loss of job Divorce Health problems
(acute and chronic) Nutritional deficiences Low self-esteem Depression Anxiety Death Risk
Factors for Substance Abuse • • • • Society’s influence The family’s influence The
workplace’s influence Personal factors Nursing Assessment • Nurses’ attitude self-
assessment • Drug history • Recognizing the signs of substance abuse Interventions •
Society’s response – Healthy People 2020 – Primary prevention – Secondary prevention –

2. Tertiary Prevention • Interventions with special populations Chapter 28 Natural and Man-
Made Disasters Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of
Elsevier Inc. Disaster Definitions ? A disaster is any event that causes a level of destruction,
death, or injury that affects the abilities of the community to respond to the incident using
available resources. ? ? ? Mass casualty involves 100+ individuals Multiple casualty involves
2 to 99 individuals Casualties can be classified as a direct victim, indirect victim, displaced
person, or refugee Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an
imprint of Elsevier Inc. 2 Types of Disasters ? ? ? Natural disasters Man-made disasters
Combination disasters ? NA-TECH (natural/technological) disaster: a natural disaster that
creates or results in a widespread technological problem Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007,
2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 3 Types of Disasters (Cont.) (from
Textbook, Box 28-1) Natural Disasters ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Avalanches Blizzards Communicable
disease epidemics Droughts, wildfires Earthquakes, tsunamis Hailstorms Heat waves
Hurricanes Tornados, cyclones Volcanic eruptions Man-Made Disasters ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Assignment: Discuss the impact of disasters on a communityTerrorism Civil unrest (riots)
Explosions, bombings Fires Structural collapse (bridges) Airplane crashes Toxic or
hazardous spills Mass transit accidents Pollution Wars Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007,
2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 4 Acts of Terrorism Terrorism is ?
? “the unlawful use of force and or violence against persons or property to intimidate or
coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of
political or social objectives.” (FBI, 2013) “is premeditated, politically motivated violence
perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents.”
(CIA, 2013) Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of
Elsevier Inc. 5 Weapons of Mass Destruction ? ? ? Any weapon that is designed or intended
to cause death or serious bodily injury through release, dissemination, or impact of toxic or
poisonous chemicals, or their precursors Any weapon involving a disease organism
(biological agents) Any weapon that is designed to release radiation or radioactivity at a
level dangerous to human life (chemical agents) Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997,
1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 6 Characteristics of Disasters ? ? ? ? ? ?
Frequency Predictability Preventability/mitigation Imminence Scope and number of
casualties Intensity Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an
imprint of Elsevier Inc. 7 Prevention in Disasters ? Primary prevention ? Aimed at
preventing the occurrence of a disaster or limiting the consequences when the event itself
cannot be prevented (mitigation) ? Nondisaster stage: period before a disaster occurs ?
Predisaster stage: actions taken when a disaster is pending Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007,
2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 8 Prevention in Disasters (Cont.) ?
Nondisaster activities include: • Assessing communities to determine potential disaster • • •
• • hazards Developing disaster plans at local, state, and federal levels Conducting drills to
test the plan Training volunteers and health care providers Providing educational programs
of all kinds Developing risk maps and resource maps Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001,
1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 9 Prevention in Disasters (Cont.) ?
Predisaster activities include: • Notification of the appropriate officials • Assignment:
Discuss the impact of disasters on a communityWarning the population • Advising what

3. response to take ? voluntary or mandatory evacuation Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001,
1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 10 Prevention in Disasters (Cont.) ?
Secondary prevention ? ? ? Implemented once the disaster occurs Aimed at preventing
further injury or destruction “Safety before search and rescue.” Copyright © 2015, 2011,
2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 11 Prevention in Disasters
(Cont.) ? Tertiary prevention ? Focuses on recovery and restoring the community to
previous levels of functioning and its residents to their maximum functioning ? Aimed at
preventing a recurrence or minimizing the effects of future disasters through debriefing
meetings to identify problems with the plan and making revisions Copyright © 2015, 2011,
2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 12 Nurses Need to … … be
involved in all stages of prevention and related activities … educate others about disasters
and how to prepare for and respond to them … keep up to date on latest recommendations
and advances in life-saving measures Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by
Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 13 Questions Nurses Should Ask 1. What kind of
disasters threaten the 2. 3. 4. 5. communities where I live? What injuries should I expect
from different disaster scenarios? What are the evacuation routes? Where are shelters
located? What warning systems are used so I can respond effectively, personally, and
professionally during different types of disasters? Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001,
1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 14 Disaster Management ? ? A
collaborative interdisciplinary team effort is needed between a network of agencies and
individuals. Develop a disaster plan. ? ? ? Communities can respond more quickly, more
effectively, and with less confusion. Ensures that resources are available. Delineates roles
and responsibilities of all personnel and agencies, both official and unofficial. Copyright ©
2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 15
Governmental Responsibilities ? Local government (first responders) ? ? State government
(Office of Emergency Management) ? ? Responsible for the safety and welfare of its citizens.
Involved when a disaster overwhelms the local community’s resources. Federal government
(Department of Homeland Security and CDC) ? A single department focusing on protecting
the American people and their homeland Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993
by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 16 U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) ?
DHS has three primary missions: ? ? ? ? Lead the unified national effort to secure America
Prevent and deter terrorist attacks Protect against and respond to threats and hazards to
the nation DHS goal (2011): Sets the “vision for nationwide preparedness” ? Identifies the
core capabilities and targets necessary to achieve preparedness across five mission areas:
Prevention, Protection, Mitigation, Response, and Recovery. ? Copyright © 2015, 2011,
2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 17 NIMS ? NIMS (National
Incident Management System) provides a systematic, proactive approach for all levels of
governmental and nongovernmental agencies to work seamlessly to prevent, protect
against, respond to, recover from, and prevent the effects of disasters. – Assignment:
Discuss the impact of disasters on a communityFederal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA) (2012) Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of
Elsevier Inc. 18 FEMA ? Mission is to support citizens and first responders to ensure that, as
a nation, everyone works together to build, sustain, and improve the capacity to prepare for,

4. protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate all hazards. ? ? Established National
Terrorism Advisory System • Threat alert: elevated or imminent threat FEMA published in-
depth guide for citizen preparedness: Are You Ready? Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001,
1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 19 Partnerships in Disasters ? ? ? ? ? ?
Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
Department of Health and Human Services/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Public Health System (PHS) American Red Cross (ARC) Other local, state, and federal
agencies Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of
Elsevier Inc. 20 Disaster Management Stages ? ? ? ? Prevention stage Preparedness and
planning stage Response stage Recovery stage Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997,
1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 21 Prevention Stage ? Identify potential
disaster risks. ? ? Educate citizens regarding what actions to take to prepare for disasters. ?
? Create risk maps Individual, family, and community level Develop a plan for meeting the
potential disasters identified. ? Create resource maps Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001,
1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 22 Community Risk Map (from
Textbook, Figure 28-1) Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an
imprint of Elsevier Inc. 23 Community Resource Map (from Textbook, Figure 28-2)
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 24
Preparedness/Planning Stage: Individual and Family Preparedness ? ? ? ? Training in first
aid Assembling a disaster emergency kit Establishing a predetermined meeting place away
from home Making a family communication plan Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001,
1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 25 Preparedness/Planning Stage:
Community Disaster Planning ? Plans must include: ? ? ? ? ? Authority Communication
Logistical coordination of: • Supplies and equipment • Human resources • Evacuation and
rescue Plans must be dynamic and change as needed. Plans must be tested in different
disaster scenario drills. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an
imprint of Elsevier Inc. 26 Disaster Planning Principles (from Textbook, Box 28-8) 1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Measures usually taken are not sufficient for major disasters. Plans should be
adjusted to people’s needs. Planning does not stop with development of a written plan. Lack
of information causes inappropriate responses by community members. People should be
able to respond with or without direction. Plans should coordinate efforts of the entire
community, so large segments of the citizenry should be involved in the planning. Plans
should be linked to surrounding areas. Assignment: Discuss the impact of disasters on a
communityPlans should be general enough to cover all potential disaster events. As much as
possible, plans should be based on everyday work methods and procedures. Copyright ©
2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 27 Disaster
Planning Principles (Cont.) (from Textbook, Box 28-8, Cont.) 10. Plans should specify a
person’s responsibility for implementing segments by position or title rather than by name.
11. Plans should develop a record-keeping system before a disaster occurs, regarding: •
Supplies and equipment • Records of all present at any given time (to account for everyone
and to identify the missing) • Identification of victims and deceased, conditions and
treatment documented, and to which facility victims are sent 12. Backup plans need to be in
place for the following: • Disruption of telephone and cell phone lines • Disruption of

5. computer data (should be downloaded weekly and stored off site) Copyright © 2015, 2011,
2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 28 Response Stage ? ?
Response stage begins immediately after the disaster incident occurs. May include: ? Shelter
in place ? Evacuation ? Search and rescue ? Staging area ? Disaster triage Copyright © 2015,
2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 29 Areas of Operation
in Disaster Response Figure 28-3 Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by
Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 30 Disaster Triage ? START triage system ? ? ? “Simple
Triage And Rapid Treatment” Used in multicasualty or mass casualty incident Triage of
injured person should occur in less than 1 minute based on: • • • ? ? ? Respirations
Perfusion Mental status Uses people with minor injuries to assist Person is tagged with a
colored triage tag Victims moved to the treatment area Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007,
2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 31 START Color-Coded Triage Tag
Green = walking wounded Yellow = systemic but not yet life-threatening complications Red
= life-threatening conditions that can be stabilized and have a high probability of survival
Black = deceased or injuries so extensive that nothing can be done to save them Figure 28-4
Source: http://www.mettag.com. Reprinted with permission. Hazmat tag = contaminated
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 32
Psychological Triage ? Four keys to gauging mental health impact: ? ? ? ? ? Extreme and
widespread property damage Serious and ongoing financial problems High prevalence of
trauma in the form of injuries, threat to life, and loss of life When human intent caused the
disaster In addition, panic during the disaster, horror, separation from family, and
relocation or displacement may play a part Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997,
1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 33 Public Health Activities ? While search and
rescue is going on … ? Surveil for threats (e.g., contaminated water, vectors, and air quality).
? Disseminate data on what has been found. ? Relate health information to officials, the
media, and the public as appropriate. ? Gather epidemiological information. ? Allocate
resources and work to prevent further adverse health problems. Copyright © 2015, 2011,
2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 34 Responses to Disasters ?
Community ? ? ? ? Heroic phase Honeymoon phase Disillusionment phase Reconstruction
phase ? Individual ? Cognitive ? Emotional ? Physical ? Behavioral ? PTSD Copyright © 2015,
2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 35 Recovery Stage ? ?
Begins when the danger from the disaster has passed. All local, state, and federal agencies
are present in the area. ? Help victims rebuild their lives ? Restore public services ? Cleanup
of damage and repair begins ? Evaluation and revision of the disaster plans ? Understand
the financial impact Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an
imprint of Elsevier Inc. 36 • Name DQ Rubric 2019 • • Description Rubric Detail Levels of
Achievement Criteria Proficient Competent Novice Introduction and quality of discussion’s
Argument Weight 60.00% 100.00 % It is consistent with application in research related to
its context. Clarity of ideas. Comprehensive, indepth and wide ranging. 70.00 % The topic
has a partially weak association to clarity of ideas and related topic. Relevant but not
comprehensive. 15.00 % Unable to address any part of the question and/or topic. Little
relevance/some accuracy. Objectivity of Tone, overall quality & Review of Literature in APA
6th format within past 7 years Weight 10.00% 100.00 % Tone is consistent, addressed

6. professionally and objectively. Evidence in literature supports arguments. 70.00 % The tone
is not consistently objective. Some observations, some supportive evidence used. 15.00 %
No objectivity in tone. No evidence of literature review provided. Lacks evidence of critical
analysis, poor to no use of supportive evidence. Grammar / Writing Skills Weight 7.50%
100.00 % Excellent mechanics, sentence structure and organization with no grammatical
mistakes. 70.00 % Some grammatical lapses , uses emotional responses in lieu of relevant
points. 0.00 % Poor grammar, weak communication, lack of clarity. Peer Reply #1 Weight
7.50% 100.00 % Demonstrates an exceptional ability to analyze and synthesize student
work, asks meaningful extending questions. 70.00 % Some ability to meaningfully comment
on other students work and ask meaningful questions. 0.00 % No peer response Peer Reply
#2 Weight 7.50% 100.00 % 70.00 % 0.00 % No Peer response Levels of Achievement
Criteria Overall APA Use Weight 7.50% Proficient Competent Demonstrates an exceptional
ability to analyze and synthesize student work, asks meaningful extending questions. Some
ability to meaningfully comment on other students work and ask meaningful questions.
100.00 % Demonstrates an exceptional ability to apply 6th edition APA standards. 70.00 %
Some ability to to apply 6th edition APA standards. i.e. use of in-text citation, reference
structure, quoting,etc. Novice 0.00 % No adherence to 6th edition APA standards.
…Assignment: Discuss the impact of disasters on a community