The adoption of national, regional and institutional policies to promote free access to scientific knowledge have contributed significantly to boosting the growth of open access. In this context, the gold route represents one of the most important paths for the universalization of open access to scientific literature and the solutions employed complement the advances of open access globally with the contribution of the commercial publishers that started to gradually adopt open access solutions, the emergence of open access megajournals and open access repositories of articles published in restricted access journals. In recent years we have also seen the easing of use licenses that contribute to the increase of the number of open access publications, mainly in line with the principles and practices of open science. Although the increase of open access publications is noticeable, the distribution of these titles among countries is not homogeneous; two contexts stand out. On the one hand, there are countries with an important tradition in commercial publishing, especially in the USA, UK, the Netherlands and Germany, and whose advance toward open access depends on business models that ensure the financial returns to large publishers; and on the other, there are mainly the emerging economies, whose journals do not draw much commercial interest, being mostly published in open access. Between these two environments, there are also national initiatives in developed countries that publish journals outside the commercial circuit of the large publishers. In this scenario, Latin America is known to be one of the most advanced regions of the world to use the open access publishing model as a strategy to increase the visibility of the scientific output in the countries of the region. This protagonism is largely driven by national and regional initiatives, underlining the pioneering SciELO, which, through its decentralized model, promoted and developed a network of national collections of open access journals, focusing on each countries’ conditions and priorities. In most of these countries the collections reflect the implementation of public policies supporting research infrastructure and its communication, with emphasis on nationally published journals. Through similar solutions, other countries have also highlighted the importance of nationally published journals for their national research systems, and have been making efforts to develop national open access journals collections (France, Serbia, and Japan, among others) as one of the essential components of their strategies of active participation in the global flow of scientific output and scholarly communication. In view of the above, this panel will analyze the main characteristics of the most relevant national solutions, advances already achieved, barriers and challenges toward…

1. Open access publishing in Europe
The state of the Union
Pierre Mounier
EHESS
OpenEdition
OPERAS

3. Topic Latin America Europe
Countries 33 28
Languages 5(2) 24
Big 5 0 3
Elsevier (NL), Springer
(DE), T&F (UK)
Number of OA journals
(DOAJ)
2272 4704
Number of researchers
(UNESCO, Eurostat)
300 000 1.88M

4. Two methods of presentation
Alphabetical order
• Austria
• Belgium
• Czech Republic
• Denmark
• Estonia
• Finland
• France
• Germany
• Etc.
By types of driving forces :
• Market
• Community
• State
Some examples

5. • National infrastructures :
– Repository : HAL
– OA publishing : OpenEdition, MathDoc, Persée
• Network infrastructure : RENATER
• Computing infrastructure : IN2P3
• Network of university presses
• Important private sector totally opposed to
OA

9. • Repositories at university level
• Publishing platforms at university level : OJS,
OMP
• IT national infrastructure : CINECA
• OA working group at CRUI (National
Conference of University Rectors)
• Market of small/medium size companies to
provide editorial services to universities

12. • Repositories at university level
• Strong network of university presses hosted
by university libraries : OA
• Strong market of private publishers medium
to large size with a long family history : De
Gruyter, C. H. Beck, Springer. Progressively
adopting OA
• Federal country : no national platform

15. • Dominated by big commercial companies
• Network of OA repositories coordinated by a
national infrastructure : JISC
• Boom of “cool kids” New University Presses,
Scholarly-led publishers, start-ups driven by
innovation : OLH, OBP, UCL Press, F1000,
Ubiquity, etc.

19. Common features
• National policies :
– Germany : 2016 Open Access in Deutschland Die Strategie
des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung
– Italy : 2013 Disposizioni urgenti per la tutela, la
valorizzazione e il rilancio dei beni e delle attivita' culturali
e del turismo.
– France : 2018 Plan pour la Science Ouverte
• Few mandates yet from funding agencies : “academic
freedom” (FWF in Austria is an exception)
• Almost no control (and sometimes no monitoring) over
APC/BPC fees

20. The role of the European Commission
• 2012 : EC recommendation to member states
• 2014 : OA mandatory in Horizon2020 funding
program
• 2015 Moedas’ “vision” : open innovation, open
science, open to the world
• 2016 Amsterdam call for action on Open Science
• 2018 Open Research Europe platform (ORE)
• 2018 “Plan S”
• European Open Science Cloud

21. EU open access in practice : OpenAIRE

22. EU open access in practice : Zenodo

23. An emerging issue : funding the “Open
Access infrastructures”
• DOAJ
• DOAB
• Sherpa/Romeo
• Oapen
• SCOSS

24. Europe : a (quick) SWOT analysis
Strenght
Diversity
Weakness
Diversity
Opportunity
Adapt to the needs of the scientific
communities and societies
Threat
Be dominated by a global one-size-fits-all
silver bullet “solution”

25. OPERAS : the European spirit

27. PARTNERS
OPERAS
OPERAS is led by OpenEdition
(France)
Partners36
Countries
Projects2 H2020
Consortium
Core Members
27

28. MAIN MISSIONOPERASCLUSTER OF
CONTENTS
journals, books, blogs.
IMPACT
TRUST
PUBLICENGAGEMENT
Label
Label
Label
Label
Label
Label
Label
Integration of
the long tail into
Open Science
To provide a pan-
European infrastructure
for open scholarly
communication
CONSORTIUM
OF PLAYERS
publication platforms
and publishers.
SCALABILITY
OF QUALITY
28

29. OPERAS : a distributed publishing
platform

30. HIRMEOS: OPERAS method in practice
• Upgrade 5 open access books publishing platforms to 5 added value
services :
– Identification service : DOI, ORCID, Fundref
– Entities recognition service : persons, places, periods
– Certification Service : connection with DOAB
– Open Annotation Service : Hypothes.is
– Metrics : Open Access metrics, alternative metrics

31. HIRMEOS.EU

32. The Jussieu call : the European road to
”universalization”

33. Jussieucall.org

34. To join :
Jussieucall.org

36. Thank you!
pierre.mounier@openedition.org
@piotrr70
http://openedition.org
http://operas-eu.org