xdf ghdfr gfg df

1. ɍɀɋɈɉɊȲɆɗ
ɈȻȽɒȻɆɗɈȻ ɅɈɃȾȻ ³ ȼɉȾȿȻɈ
2016
«Ãåîãðàô³ÿ»
ï³äðó÷íèê äëÿ 8 êëàñó
çàãàëüíîîñâ³òí³õ íàâ÷àëüíèõ çàêëàä³â
fÒÐÎÂ eg fMÍÇØÞÌÊË ls
Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ

2. Ⱦɫɩɧɛ Ƚȿ Ⱦʀɦɠɱɷɥɣɤ Ʉɋ
?? Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥ ɟɦɺ ɥɦ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɩɬɝʀɭ ɨɛɝɲ ɢɛɥɦ
Ƚȿ Ⱦɫɩɧɛ Ʉɋ Ⱦʀɦɠɱɷɥɣɤ ³ ɍɠɫɨɩɪʀɦɷ Ɉɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɛ ɥɨɣ-
ɞɛ ³ ȼɩɞɟɛɨ ³ ɬ ʀɦ
,6%1 ²²²
ɎȿɅ
ȼȼɅ
ɉɰɩɫɩɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧ ɪɫɩ ɛɝɭɩɫɬɷɥɠ ɪɫɛɝɩ
Ɂɩɟɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɛɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɠ ɜɮɭɣ ɝʀɟɭɝɩɫɠɨɛ
ɝ ɜɮɟɷɺɥɩɧɮ ɝɣɞɦɺɟʀ ɜɠɢ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɮ ɛɝɭɩɫɛ ɲɣ ɝɣɟɛɝɨɣɱɭɝɛ
ɎȿɅ
ȼȼɅ

3. ɊɀɋɀȿɇɉȽȻ
ɓɛɨɩɝɨʀ ɝɩɬɷɧɣɥɦɛɬɨɣɥɣ
Ɏ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɫɩɱʀ ɭɠɜɠ ɲɠɥɛɭɣɧɠ ɥɮɫɬ ©Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɛ ɨɛɬɠ-
ɦɠɨɨɺª Ƚʀɨ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɝ ɮ ɬɩɜʀ ɺɥ ɠɦɠɧɠɨɭɣ ɯʀɢɣɲɨɩʁ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɩʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ Ʌɦɹ-
ɲɩɝɣɧ ɬɦɩɝɩɧ ɮ ɨɛɢɝʀ ɥɮɫɬɮ ɾ ɨɛɢɝɛ ɨɛɳɩʁ ɫʀɟɨɩʁ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɏ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ
ɝɠɬɷ ɲɛɬ ɜɮɟɠ ɪɫɩɬɭɠɡɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ©ɪɛɭɫʀɩɭɣɲɨɛ ɬɥɦɛɟɩɝɛª ɂɞɛɟɛɤɧɩ ɟɦɺ ɪɫɣɥɦɛɟɮ
ɝɣɬɦʀɝ ɯɮɨɟɛɭɩɫɛ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɩʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ Ɍɭɠɪɛɨɛ ɋɮɟɨɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ©Ɏɲʀɧɩɬɺ
ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɴɩɜ ɢɨɛɭɣ ɺɥɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɛ ʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɛ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɺɥɛ ɞɛɫɨɛ ʁʁ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɛ ɺɥɣɤ
ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ʁʁ ɨɛɫɩɟ ɺɥɣɧ ɴɛɬɦɣɝɣɧ ɝʀɨ ɧɩɡɠ ɜɮɭɣ ɥɩɦɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɜɛɭɷɥʀɝɴɣɨɮ ɞɛɫɨɩ
ɪʀɢɨɛɾ ɧʀɱɨɩ ɦɹɜɣɭɣɧɠ ɤ ɢ ɮɬʀɰ ɬɣɦ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɭɣɧɠ ɟɦɺ ʁʁ ʀ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɟɩɜɫɛª
Ɋʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ʀɢ ɲɩɭɣɫɷɩɰ ɫɩɢɟʀɦʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɩɰɩɪɦɹɹɭɷ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ
ɭɠɧ Ʌɩɡɠɨ ɫɩɢɟʀɦ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢʀ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɩʁ ɝʀɢɣɭʀɝɥɣ ɟɠ ɪɩɟɛɨɩ ɥɩɫɩɭɥɮ ɟɩɝʀɟɥɮ
ɪɫɩ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɮɧʀɨɨɺ ɤ ɨɛɝɣɲɥɣ ɺɥʀ ɝɣ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɾɭɠ ɮ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ
ɂɧʀɬɭ ɭɠɧ ɫɩɢɥɫɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɮ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯɛɰ Ʌɩɡɠɨ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɫɩɢɫɛɰɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɨɛ ɝɣɝɲɠɨ-
ɨɺ ɢɟɠɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɢɛ ɩɟɣɨ ɫʀɟɳɠ ɢɛ ɟɝɛ ɮɫɩɥɣ Ɉɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɾ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɪʀɟ ɫɮɜɫɣɥɩɹ
©Ɋɫɣɞɛɟɛɤ ɛɜɩ ɢɟɩɞɛɟɛɤɬɺª Ƚɩɨɣ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɝɛɧ ɪɫɣɞɛɟɛɭɣ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀɹ ɴɩ
ɪɩɦɠɞɳɣɭɷ ɢɛɬɝɩɾɨɨɺ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɮ
ɂɧʀɬɭ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯɛ ɫɩɢɜɣɭɣɤ ɨɛ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ ɨɛɢɝɣ ɺɥɣɰ ɪɩɟɛɨɩ ɬɣɨʀɧ ɥɩ-
ɦɷɩɫɩɧ Ɉɛɤɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳʀ ɭɝɠɫɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɯɛɥɭɣ ɪɩɨɺɭɭɺ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɨɛɢɝɣ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ
ɩɜ·ɾɥɭʀɝ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɺɥɣɰ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɢɛɪɛɧ·ɺɭɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭʀ ɝɣɟʀɦɠɨɩ ɥɮɫɬɣɝɩɧ
Ƚɛɡɦɣɝɣɧɣ ɟɦɺ ɬɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɭɺ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɮ ɾ ɥɛɫɭɩɬɰɠɧɣ ɧɛɦɹɨɥɣ
ɯɩɭɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɺɥʀ ɬɪɫɣɺɭɣɧɮɭɷ ɝɬɠɜʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɹ ɮɺɝɦɠɨɷ ɪɫɩ ɭɩɤ ɲɣ ʀɨɳɣɤ
ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɤ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭ
ɉɥɫɠɧɩ ɮ ɯɩɫɧʀ ©ɒɣ ɝʀɟɩɧɩ ɭɩɜʀª ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɦɠɨʀ ɫɮɜɫɣɥɣ ©Ɍɦɩɝɩ ɝɲɠɨɩɞɩª
©ɐɮɟɩɡɨɾ ɬɦɩɝɩª ©ɂ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɤ ɪɩɟɩɫɩɡɠɤ ɭɛ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɷª ©Ⱦɠ-
ɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɛ ɨɛɢɝɛª ©Ɇɠɞɠɨɟɣ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɭɷª

4. Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯɛ ɧʀɬɭɺɭɷɬɺ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɢɛɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɨɺ ɢɨɛɨɷ ɉɪ-
ɫɛɱɹɝɛɝɳɣ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯ ɟɛɤ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɤ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɉɥɫɠɧʀ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɾ
ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɬɥɦɛɟɨɣɧɣ ȳɰ ɨɠ ɝɣɟʀɦɠɨɩ ɬɝʀɟɩɧɩ ɛɜɣ ɮ ɝɛɬ ɨɠ ɝɣɨɣɥɛɦɩ ɬɪɫɩɴɠɨɩɞɩ ɪʀɟ-
ɰɩɟɮ ɮ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨʀ ɭɠɧɣ
Ƚ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɭɠɧɛɰ ɪɠɫɠɟɜɛɲɠɨɠ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɨɨɺ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɷ Ƚ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɮ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɝʀɟ-
ɪɩɝʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯɛ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨʀ ɪɫɣɥɦɛɟɣ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɷ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɭɣɝɨʀ ɟɛɨʀ ɭɛ ɫɠɥɩ-
ɧɠɨɟɛɱʀʁ ɟɦɺ ʁɰɨɷɩɞɩ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɨɨɺ
ȿɦɺ ɮɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɠɨɨɺ ɢɨɛɨɷ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɟʀɦɮ ɛɜɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɩʁ ɭɠɧɣ ɨɛɝɠɟɠ-
ɨɩ ɪɫɣɥɦɛɟɣ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɷ ©ɋɩɢɧɣɨɥɛ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɥɩɨɭɫɩɦɠɧ ɢɨɛɨɷª
Ɏ ɟɩɟɛɭɥɮ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɛ ɪɩɟɛɨɩ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɭɣɝɨʀ ɭɛɜɦɣɱʀ ɺɥʀ ɧʀɬɭɺɭɷ ɪɩɥɛɢɨɣɥɣ
ɬɭɩɬɩɝɨɩ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭʀɝ ʀ ɺɝɣɴ ɴɩ ɝɣɝɲɛɹɭɷɬɺ Ɋɩɬɣɦɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɨɣɰ ɾ ɮ ɭɠɥɬɭʀ
ɂɜɛɞɛɲɮɤɧɩɬɺ ɨɩɝɣɧɣ ɢɨɛɨɨɺɧɣ ȼɛɡɛɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɨɛɪɩɦɠɞɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɝɛɧ
ɝ ʁɰ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɨɨʀ

5. ȽɌɍɎɊ
ɉɪɫɛɱɷɩɝɮɹɲɣ ɝɬɭɮɪ ɭɣ ɢ·ɺɬɮɾɳ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɧɠɭɩɟɣ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɷ ɯʀɢɣɲ-
ɨɩʁ ʀ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɩʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ȼɮɟɠɳ ɢɨɛɭɣ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛɧɣ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ
ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀʁ ɝɛɫɭɩ ɬɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɭɣɬɺ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɥɮɫɬɮ ©Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɛ
ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺª ɍɣ ɩɢɨɛɤɩɧɣɳɬɺ ɢ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭɺɧɣ ɪɫɩ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ Ɏɥɫɛʁ-
ɨɣ ɝ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɧɮ Ʌɫʀɢɷ ɪɫɣɢɧɮ ɪɫɛɱɷ Ⱦɠɫɩɟɩɭɛ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɾɳ ɟɦɺ ɬɠɜɠ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɮɺɝ-
ɦɠɨɨɺ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɞɫɠɥʀɝ ɬɭɩɬɩɝɨɩ Ɍɥʀɯʀʁ ȿʀɢɨɛɾɳɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɩɟɨʀ ɢ ɨɛɤɥɫɛɴɣɰ ʀ ɟɩɬɥɩɨɛ-
ɦɣɰ ɢɫɛɢɥʀɝ ɥɛɫɭ ɐ9ȲȲ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ ɮ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɨɨʀ ʉʀɤɩɧɛ ɟɠ ȼɩɪɦɛɨɛ ɂɩɜɫɛɡɮɹɭɷ ɝɩɨɣ
ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ ɨɛɳɩʁ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ɋɫɣɥɦɛɟɩɧ ɝʀɟɟɛɨɩɬɭʀ ɨɛɮɱʀ ɤ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɟɦɺ
ɭɠɜɠ ɬɭɛɨɠ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɩɬɨɩɝɩɪɩɦɩɡɨɣɥɛ ɝʀɭɲɣɢɨɺɨɩʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɨɛɮɥɣ Ɍɭɠɪɛɨɛ
ɋɮɟɨɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ Ƚɣɢɨɛɲɣɳ ɤ ɛɥɭɮɛɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɰ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɷ
† ɉɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɧɠɭɩɟɣ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɷ
ɯʀɢɣɲɨɩʁ ɭɛ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɩʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ
ȿɡɠɫɠɦɛ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀʁ
B ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ
əɤɿ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɢ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɹɬɶ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɭ ɧɚɭɤɭ
əɤɿ ɤɭɪɫɢ ɬɢ ɜɢɜɱɚɜ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿʀ ɭ ɿ ɯ ɤɥɚɫɚɯ
ɉɟɪɟɥɿɱɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɢɤɢ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɨʀ ɨɛɨɥɨɧɤɢ
ȼɢɡɧɚɱ ɩɨɫɥɿɞɨɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɿɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɿ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ
əɤɿ ɧɚ ɬɜɨɸ ɞɭɦɤɭ ɿɫɧɭɸɬɶ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɹɯ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ
ɭɦɨɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɣ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɿɜ
ɉɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɯʀɢɣɲɨɩʁ ɭɛ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɩʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ
Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ ³ ɩɟɨɛ ɢ ɨɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳɣɰ ɨɛɮɥ ʁʁ ɩɬɨɩɝɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɛɥɦɛɟɠɨʀ ɴɠ ɝ ɠɦ-
ɦʀɨɬɷɥɮ ɠɪɩɰɮ Ƚɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ³ ɱɠ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɛ ɟɣɨɛɧʀɲɨɛ ɨɛɮɥɛ ʁʁ ɧɩɡɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɩ
ɢɛɬɭɩɬɩɝɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɨɨɺ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɝɣɥɦɣɥʀɝ ʀ ɢɛɞɫɩɢ ɨɛɳɩʁ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɂɛ
ɬɝɩɾɹ ɝɦɛɬɭɣɝʀɬɭɹ ɬɮɭɨʀɬɭɹ ɝɩɨɛ ɾ ɬɥɦɛɟɨʀɳɩɹ ɝʀɟ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɨɛɮɥ Ɏ ɱɷɩɧɮ
ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɫɩɱʀ ɭɣ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɾɳ ɟɦɺ ɬɠɜɠ ɥɫɛʁɨɩɢɨɛɝɲɣɤ ɛɬɪɠɥɭ ɨɛɮɥɣ ³ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɹ
Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɋɫɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɛɧɣ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɜɮɟɮɭɷ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɛ ʀ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ
ɨɛɳɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ
ɏʀɢɣɲɨɛ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ ³ ɨɛɮɥɛ ɴɩ ɝɣɝɲɛɾ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɮ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɥɮ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɭɛ ʁʁ
ɬɭɫɮɥɭɮɫɨʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ȿɩ ɨɠʁ ɝɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɨɛɮɥɣ ɴɩ ɝɣɝɲɛɹɭɷ ɩɥɫɠɧʀ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭɣ ɞɠɩ-
ɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɥɣ ɞɠɩɧɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɩɧ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɾ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ

6. ɥɦʀɧɛɭɩɦɩɞʀɺ

7. ȼɋɌɍɉ
ɥɦʀɧɛɭ

8. ɧɠɭɠɩɫɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɢɠɧɨɛ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɛ

9. ɞʀɟɫɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɝɩɟɣ

10. ɞɦɺɱʀɩɦɩ
ɞʀɺ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥɣ

11. ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ ʊɫɮɨɭʀɝ ʊɫɮɨɭɣ

12. ɜʀɩɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɪɦɛɨɠ-
ɭɣ

13. ɉɥɫɠɧɩɹ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɨɩɹ ɨɛɮɥɩɹ ɾ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɭɝɠɫɟɛ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɥɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ

14. Ɍɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɛ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ ɛɜɩ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɛ ʀ ɬɩɱʀɛɦɷɨɛ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ ³ ɨɛɮɥɛ ɺɥɛ ɟɩ-
ɬɦʀɟɡɮɾ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɮ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɛɱʀɹ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɭɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɨɣɥʀɝ ³ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ
ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɩʁ ɬɩɱʀɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɩʁ ʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɩɫɠɬɮɫɬɨɩʁ ɬɯɠɫ Ɍɝɩɾɹ
ɲɠɫɞɩɹ ɱɹ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɮ ɟɣɬɱɣɪɦʀɨɮ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɜɦɩɥɣ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɮ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɹ
ɬɩɱʀɛɦɷɨɮ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɹ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɮ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɹ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɹ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɉɜ·ɾɥɭɩɧ ɝɣ-
ɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɩʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɾ ɝɣɫɩɜɨɣɲɛ ɬɯɠɫɛ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɪɫɩ-
ɧɣɬɦɩɝʀɬɭɷ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɠ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɭɫɛɨɬɪɩɫɭ ɭɩɴɩ Ɍɩɱʀɛɦɷɨɛ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ ɝɣɝɲɛɾ
ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɮ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɛɱʀɹ ɬɯɠɫɣ ɪɩɬɦɮɞ ɬɪɩɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɤɩɞɩ
ɡɣɭɭɺ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɮ ɬɯɠɫɮ ɭɩɴɩ ɍɛɥʀ ɠɦɠɧɠɨɭɣ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɺɥ ɛɟ-
ɧʀɨʀɬɭɫɛɭɣɝɨɩɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɮɬɭɫʀɤ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɪɛɫɭʀʁ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɬɷɥɩɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨʀ ɫɮɰɣ
ɝɣɜɩɫɣ ɩɪɣɨɣɦɣɬɺ ɮ ɪɩɦʀ ɢɩɫɮ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ Ɉɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɝʀɟɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ
ʀ ɬɭɫɮɥɭɮɫɮ ɝɣɝɲɛɾ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ
Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝɣɝɲɛɾ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɠ ɬɠɫɠɟɩɝɣɴɠ ʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɮ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɛ-
ɱʀɹ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɝ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɨɛɳɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ƚɩɨɛ ɟɛɾ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨʀ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɩ ɭɠɫɣɭɩ-
ɫʀɹ ɨɛɳɩʁ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ʁʁ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɭɛ ɫɠɬɮɫɬɣ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ Ʌɫʀɧ
ɭɩɞɩ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝɣɝɲɛɾ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɣ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɠɨɨɺ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɢɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ
ʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɝɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɢɛɞɩɬɭɫɠɨɨɺ ɠɥɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧ ɮ ɨɛɳʀɤ ɟɠɫɡɛɝʀ ɭɩɴɩ
ɚɥɴɩ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɮɧɩɝɣ ʀ ɫɠɬɮɫɬɣ ɮ ɧɮ ɥɦɛɬʀ ɭɣ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɟɛɭɣɧɠɳ ɝɣɥɦɹɲɨɩ
ɮ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɨɛɳɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɭɩ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɤ ɩɥɫɠɧʀ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ
ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɣɤ ɦɛɟ ³ ɺɥ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɢɛ-
ɞɛɦɩɧ ȿɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɩʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ³ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ ³ ɝɣɝɲɛɭɣɧɠɳ ɮ ɧɮ
ɥɦɛɬʀ ɚɥ ʀ ɢ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺɧ ɩɢɨɛɤɩɧɣɳɬɺ ɢ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩɧ ɮ ɫɩɢɫʀɢʀ ɝɬɷɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ʀ ɪɫɣ
ɱɷɩɧɮ ɟɩɥɦɛɟɨʀɳɠ ɢ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɨɣɥɩɧ ³ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩɧ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ
ɇɠɭɩɟɣ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɷ ɯʀɢɣɲɨɩʁ ɭɛ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɩʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ
ɇɠɭɩɟ ɨɛɮɥɣ ³ ɱɠ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɟɩɬɺɞɨɠɨɨɺ ɝɬɠɜʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ
ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭɛ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɫɩɢɥɫɣɭɭɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɮɭɨɩɬɭʀ ɪʀɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɛɥɩɨʀɝ
ɏʀɢɣɲɨɛ ʀ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɛ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɾ ɮ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺɰ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭ-
ɨʀ ɧɠɭɩɟɣ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɤɨɣɤ ɬɭɛɱʀɩɨɛɫɨɣɤ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɦɷɨɩɩɪɣɬɩɝɣɤ ɠɥɬɪɠɫɣɧɠɨ
ɭɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɤ ɭɩɴɩ
ɀɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɤɨɣɤ ɧɠɭɩɟ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɢɟɛɝɨɛ ɢɛɬɭɩɬɩɝɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɝʀɨ
ɾ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɧ ɟɦɺ ɩɟɠɫɡɛɨɨɺ ɯɛɥɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɟɛɨɣɰ ɪɫɩ ɪɠɝɨɮ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ ʁʁ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ
ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ʀ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɣ Ɉɣɨʀ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɤɨʀ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɟɩɝɩɦʀ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɪɩɾɟɨɮɹɭɷ ɢʀ ɬɭɛ-
ɱʀɩɨɛɫɨɣɧɣ ɉɬɭɛɨɨʀ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɟɦɺ ɢɜɩɫɮ ɟɛɨɣɰ ɪɫɩ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɣ ɺɥʀ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ
ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɲɛɬʀ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɨɛ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨɩ ɩɜɦɛɟɨɛɨɣɰ ɬɭɛɨɱʀɺɰ ɢɛ
ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɪɫɣɦɛɟʀɝ ɝɠɟɮɭɷ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫɠɡɠɨɨɺ ɢɛ ɯʀɢɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɺɝɣɴɛɧɣ ɮ ʊɫɮɨɭɛɰ
ɞʀɟɫɩɬɯɠɫʀ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫʀ ɤ ɜʀɩɬɯɠɫʀ Ɏ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɩ ɧɠɫɠɡʀ ɧɠɭɠ-
ɩɫɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɰ ʀ ɞʀɟɫɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɰ ɬɭɛɨɱʀɤ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦʀɢɩɝɛɨʀ ɬɭɛɨɱʀʁ ɛɜɩ ɪɩɬɭɣ ɨɛ

15. ȼɋɌɍɉ
7
ɺɥɣɰ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɹɭɷ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫɠɡɠɨɨɺ ɢɛ ɝɮɦɥɛɨɛɧɣ
ɢɠɧɦɠɭɫɮɬɛɧɣ ɫɮɰɩɧ ɦɷɩɟɩɝɣɥʀɝ ɬɨʀɞɩɝɣɰ ɦɛ-
ɝɣɨ ɭɩɴɩ
Ɍɛɧɛ ɨɛɢɝɛ ɨɛɳɩʁ ɬɭɛɫɩɟɛɝɨɷɩʁ ɨɛɮɥɣ ɢɛ-
ɪɫɩɪɩɨɩɝɛɨɛ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɫɠɱɷɥɣɧ ɮɲɠɨɣɧ ɀɫɛɭɩ
ɬɯɠɨɩɧ ɬɝʀɟɲɣɭɷ ɪɫɩ ɨɛɟɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɮ ɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ
ɩɪɣɬɩɝɩɞɩ ɧɠɭɩɟɮ
Ɍɮɭɭɾɝɣɧ ɨɩɝɩɝɝɠɟɠɨɨɺɧ ɮ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɹ ɬɭɛɦɩ
ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɧɠɭɩɟɮ ɂɩɥɫɠɧɛ
ɉɦɠɥɬɛɨɟɫ Ⱦɮɧɜɩɦɷɟɭ ²

16. ɪɩɫʀɝɨɹɹ-
ɲɣ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɩɬɭʀ ɺɥʀ ɝʀɨ ɝʀɟɝʀɟɛɝ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɩɟɩ-
ɫɩɡɠɤ ɟʀɤɳɩɝ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɥɮ ɴɩɟɩ ɨɛɺɝɨɩɬɭʀ ɢɛɥɩɨɩ-
ɧʀɫɨɩɬɭɠɤ ɮ ɢɧʀɨʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɮɧɩɝ ɩɜɮɧɩɝɦɠɨɣɰ
ɝɢɛɾɧɨɣɧ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɩɧ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭʀɝ
ɉɟɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɪɣɬɮ ɾ ɦʀɭɠ-
ɫɛɭɮɫɨɩɰɮɟɩɡɨʀɤ ɍɛɥɣɤ ɝɣɟ ɩɪɣɬɮ ɨɠ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢ-
ɥɩɝɩ ɧɛɾ ɜɮɭɣ ɪɩɝɨɣɧ Ɋɩɪɠɫɳɠ ɪɣɬɷɧɠɨɨɣɥ
ɬɝʀɟɩɧɩ ɢɮɪɣɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ
ɺɝɣɴɛɰ ɝɦɛɬɭɣɝɩɬɭɺɰ ɥɩɨɥɫɠɭɨɩɞɩ ɦɛɨɟɳɛɯɭɮ
ɟɦɺ ɫɩɢɥɫɣɭɭɺ ɜɮɟɷɺɥɣɰ ɩɜɫɛɢʀɝ ɝɣɥɦɛɟɠɨ-
ɨɺɧ ɝɦɛɬɨɩʁ ɪɩɢɣɱʀʁ Ɋɩɟɫɮɞɠ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɩɪɣɬ ɨɠɬɠ
ɠɧɩɱʀɤɨɣɤ ɢɛɫɺɟ ʀ ɾ ɢɛɬɩɜɩɧ ɝɪɦɣɝɮ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɮɭɭɺ
ɲɣɭɛɲɛ ɋɩɢɞɦɺɨɷ ɮɝɛɡɨɩ ɧɛɦ Ɏɺɝɣɝ ɪɩɫɩɞɣ
ɨɛ ȿɨʀɪɫʀ ɒɩɧɮ ɭɠɪɠɫ ʁɰ ɨɠɧɛ ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɦʀɭɠɫɛ-
ɭɮɫɨɩɰɮɟɩɡɨɷɩɧɮ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɩɪɣɬɮ ɧɩɡɨɛ
ɝɣɢɨɛɲɣɭɣ ɨɛɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɢ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɢɧʀɨɣɝɬɺ ɦɛɨɟ-
ɳɛɯɭ ɋɩɧɛɨ ©ɇɩɦɩɟʀɬɭɷ ɇɛɢɠɪɣª ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ
ɪɣɬɷɧɠɨɨɣɥɛ ɇɣɰɛɤɦɛ Ɍɭɛɫɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɩɲɣɨɛ-
ɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɲɮɟɩɝɩɞɩ ɦʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɨɩɰɮɟɩɡɨɷɩɞɩ ɩɪɣɬɮ
ɟɨʀɪɫɩɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɫɩɞʀɝ ɑɹ ɥɨɣɡɥɮ ɮɪɠɫɳɠ ɜɮɦɩ
ɝɣɟɛɨɩ ɮ ɫ ɪɠɫɠɝɣɟɛɨɩ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɬɭɩ-
ɦʀɭɭɺ ³ ɮ ɫ
ɇɛɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɧɠɭɩɟɣ ɮ ɯʀɢɣɲɨʀɤ ɞɠɩɞɫɛ-
ɯʀʁ ɢɛɬɭɩɬɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɟɦɺ ɩɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɨɣɰ
ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɺɝɣɴ ʀ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀɝ
ɉɜɫɩɜɥɮ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɩɞɩ ɱɣɯɫɩɝɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɮ
ɩɟɠɫɡɮɝɛɨɩɞɩ ɝ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɤɨɣɰ ɭɛ
ɠɥɬɪɠɫɣɧɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɷ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɹɭɷ ɢɛ
ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɬɭɛɭɣɬɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ʀ ɜɛɦɛɨɬɩɝɩɞɩ ɧɠɭɩ-
ɟʀɝ Ɍɭɛɭɣɬɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɧɠɭɩɟ ɢɛɬɭɩɬɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɟɦɺ
ɝɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɪɩɥɛɢɨɣɥʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɢɧʀɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ

17. Ñëîâî â÷åíîãî.
ɚɥɴɩ ɝɣ ɧɩɡɠɭɠ ɝɣɧʀɫɹ
ɝɛɭɣ ʀ ɝɣɫɛɡɛɭɣ ɝ ɲɣɬ
ɦɛɰ ɭɠ ɪɫɩ ɴɩ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɭɠ
ɩɭɡɠ ɪɫɩ ɱɠɤ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭ ɝɣ
ɟɠɴɩ ɢɨɛɾɭɠ ɺɥɴɩ ɡ ɝɣ ɨɠ
ɧɩɡɠɭɠ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɭɩ
ɝɛɳʀ ɪʀɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɧʀɢɠɫɨʀ ɤ ɨɠ
ɢɛɟɩɝʀɦɷɨʀ
Ɇɩɫɟ Ʌɠɦɷɝʀɨ ³

18. ³ ɩɟɣɨ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɝɣɟɛɭ-
ɨʀɳɣɰ ɯʀɢɣɥʀɝ ɮ ɬɝʀɭɩɝʀɤ
ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ
Ɇɚɥ Ⱦɧɿɩɪɨɜɫɶɤɿ ɩɨɪɨɝɢ
Êîäàöüêèé
Ñóðñüêèé
Çâîíåöüêèé
³ëüíà
Áóäèëüñüêèé
³ëüíèé
ʳ÷êàñ
Ëèøí³é
Âîâí³ã³âñüêèé
Íåíàñèòåöüêèé
Ëîõàíñüêèé
Îñîêîð³âêà
Â
îðîíÿ÷à
Ñóðà
Ñàìàð
à

19. ȼɋɌɍɉ
ɝ ɲɛɬʀ ɛɜɩ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫʀ ʀ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɜɮɭɣ ɬɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɩɝɛɨʀ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɨɩ ɭɠɧɪɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɪɩɝʀ-
ɭɫɺ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɨɩɞɩ ɭɣɬɥɮ ɬɩɦɩɨɩɬɭʀ ɝɩɟ ɝɠɦɣɲɣɨɣ ɜʀɩɧɛɬɣ ɭɩɴɩ ȼɛɦɛɨɬɩɝɣɤ ɧɠ
ɭɩɟ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɟɦɺ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɫɠɲɩɝɣɨ ʀ ɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ ɺɥɛ ɨɛɟɰɩɟɣɭɷ
ɮ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɮ ɩɜɩɦɩɨɥɮ
Ɉɠɧɩɡɦɣɝɩ ɩɜʀɤɭɣɬɺ ɜɠɢ ɬɭɛɭɣɬɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɧɠɭɩɟɮ ʀ ɮ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɩɬɩɜɦɣ-
ɝɩɬɭɠɤ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ɋɫɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀ ɛɜɬɩɦɹɭ-
ɨʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ʀ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨʀ ɪɩɥɛɢɨɣɥɣ ɋɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɣ ɮɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɠɨɨɺ ɛɜɩ ɝɣɰʀɟɨʀ ɟɛɨʀ ɢɫɮɲɨɩ
ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɦɺɭɣ ɮ ɝɣɞɦɺɟʀ ɭɛɜɦɣɱɷ ɞɫɛɯʀɥʀɝ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɧ ɥɛɫɭɩɟʀɛɞɫɛɧ Ƚʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɩ
ɮ ɬɭɛɭɣɬɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺɰ ɝɛɞɩɧɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɧɠɭɩɟɮ
ɀɥɬɪɠɫɣɧɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɧɠɭɩɟ ɢɛɬɭɩɬɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɟɦɺ ɝɣɺɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɫɩɦʀ ɪɠɝɨɣɰ ɯɛɥɭɩ-
ɫʀɝ ɮ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɺɝɣɴ ɀɥɬɪɠɫɣɧɠɨɭɣ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɹɭɷ ɨɛɤɲɛɬɭʀɳɠ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩ-
ɧɩɞɩɹ ɧɩɟɠɦɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀɝ ɍɛɥ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɧɩɟɠɦɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɝɣɝɲɛ-
ɹɭɷ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɬɮɭɷ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɺɝɣɴ ɟʀɹ ɝɩɟɨɣɰ ɪɩɭɩɥʀɝ ʊɫɮɨɭɩɝʀ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɣ
ɭɩɴɩ
ȿɣɬɭɛɨɱʀɤɨʀ ɧɠɭɩɟɣ ³ ɱɠ ɧɠɭɩɟɣ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɥɩɬɧʀɲɨɣɰ ɭʀɦ ɢ
ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺɨɣɰ ɲɣ ɥɩɬɧʀɲɨɣɰ ɦʀɭɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɛɪɛɫɛɭʀɝ ȿɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɮ ɟɣɬɭɛɨɱʀɤɨɣɰ ɧɠɭɩɟʀɝ ɨɛ-
ɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɛɠɫɩɢɨʀɧɛɨɨɺ ɥɩɬɧʀɲɨɛ ɢɤɩɧɥɛ ɟɠɳɣɯɫɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɨʀɧɥʀɝ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɝʀɢɮɛɦɷɨʀ
ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫɠɡɠɨɨɺ ³ ɩɞɦɺɟ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɲɠɧ ɢ ɜɩɫɭɛ ɦʀɭɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɛɪɛɫɛɭɛ
ɓɣɫɩɥɠ ɢɛɬɭɩɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɺɥ ɮ ɯʀɢɣɲɨʀɤ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨʀɤ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɢɨɛɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɥɛɫ-
ɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɧɠɭɩɟɣ ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɨɣɧ ɬɭɛɾ ɪɩɝɨʀɳɩɹ ʀ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɟɩɬɭɮɪɨʀɳɩɹ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠ-
ɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭʀɝ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɩɝɣɴɛ ɂɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɨɣɰ ɧɩɡɨɛ
ɝɣɢɨɛɲɣɭɣ ɟɩɝɡɣɨɣ ɫʀɥ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɝɠɫɭɣɥɛɦɷɨɠ ɫɩɢɲɦɠɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ
ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ ɭɩɴɩ ɂɛ ɭɩɪɩɞɫɛ-
¯ ×è â³äîìî òîá³?
ɂ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɤ ɪɩɟɩɫɩɡɠɤ ɭɛ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɷ
ɂ ɫ ɝɣɟɛɭɨɣɤ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɮɲɠɨɣɤ ɮ ɞɛɦɮɢʀ ɦʀɬʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɛ ʊɫɮɨɭɩɢɨɛɝɬɭɝɛ
ɯʀɢɣɲɨɩʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ʀ ɞʀɟɫɩɦɩɞʀʁ Ⱦɠɩɫɞʀɤ ɇɣɥɩɦɛɤɩɝɣɲ Ƚɣɬɩɱɷɥɣɤ ³

20. ɪɫɩɝɩɟɣɝ ɨɛɮɥɩɝʀ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɮ ɬɭɠɪɩɝʀɤ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀʁ ɨɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɛɨɛɟɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɧɮ
ɬɭɛɱʀɩɨɛɫʀ ɍɮɭ ɝʀɨ ɮɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɝ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫɠɡɠɨɨɺ
ɢɛ ɧɛɬɣɝɩɧ ɳɭɮɲɨɩ ɫɩɢɝɠɟɠɨɩɞɩ ɦʀɬɮ ɪɦɩɴɠɹ ɞɛ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɞɛ

21. Ⱦ Ƚɣɬɩɱɷɥɣɤ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɥɦɛɟʀ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɧɛɬɣɝɮ ɝɣɝɲɛɝ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɢɝ·ɺɢɩɥ ɦʀɬɮ ɢʀ ɬɭɠɪɩɝɩɹ
ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨʀɬɭɹ ɪɩɦɷɩɝɣɧɣ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɛɧɣ ɫʀɝɠɨɷ ʊɫɮɨɭɩɝɣɰ ɝɩɟ ɦʀɬɩɝɣɤ ɧʀɥɫɩɥɦʀɧɛɭ
ʀ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɠ ³ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɝɪɦɣɝɣ ɦʀɬɮ ʀ ɬɭɠɪɮ ɟʀɹ ɦʀɬɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɦɠɢɛɰɣɬɨɣɰ ɬɧɮɞ ɨɛ ɬɨʀɞɩɨɛ
ɥɩɪɣɲɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɨɛ ɝɫɩɡɛɤ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ
Ɉɣɨʀ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɛɨɛɟɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɭɛɱʀɩɨɛɫ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɝʀɨ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɛɨɛɟɩɦɷ
ɬɷɥɣɤ ɦʀɬ

22. ³ ɱɠ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɤ ɦʀɬ ɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɣɤ ɫɮɥɛɧɣ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ

23. ȼɋɌɍɉ
9
ɯʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɥɛɫɭɛɧɣ ɬɥɦɛɟɠɨɣɧɣ ɝ ɫʀɢɨɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝɣɺɝɣɭɣ ɟɣɨɛɧʀɥɮ ɢɧʀɨ ɫɠɦɷɾ-
ɯɮ ɞʀɟɫɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɬʀɭɥɣ ɜɠɫɠɞɩɝɩʁ ɦʀɨʀʁ ɩɢɠɫ ɧɩɫʀɝ ɪɫɩɬɭɠɡɣɭɣ ɭɫɛɨɬɯɩɫɧɛɱʀɹ
ɮɞʀɟɷ
Ʌɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɤ ɧɠɭɩɟ ɟɛɾ ɢɧɩɞɮ ɬɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɭɣ ɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɨɛɨɩɬɺɲɣ ɨɛ
ɨɣɰ ɜɠɢɦʀɲ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭʀɝ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɛɹɲɣ ʁɰ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɫɩɢɭɛɳɮɝɛɨɨɺ ʀ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɢɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ɑɠɤ
ɧɠɭɩɟ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɝɬʀɰ ɠɭɛɪɛɰ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ³ ɝʀɟ ɢɜɣɫɛɨɨɺ ɝɣɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɟɛ-
ɨɣɰ ɟɩ ɫɩɢɫɩɜɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɣɰ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦʀɝ Ɍɥɦɛɟɛɨɨɺ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨɣɰ ɭɠɧɛ-
ɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɥɛɫɭ ɪʀɟɝɣɴɮɾ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀɤɨɣɤ ɩɜɬɺɞ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɮ
Ɇɣɳɠ ɮ ɞɛɦɮɢʀ ɯʀɢɣɲɨɩʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɢɛɬɭɩɬɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɞɠɩɯʀɢɣɲɨɣɤ ɞɠɩɰʀɧʀɲɨɣɤ ɪɛ
ɦɠɩɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɤ ɧɠɭɩɟɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɬɭɛɨɮɭɷ ɨɛɧ ɮ ɨɛɞɩɟʀ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀɝ
ɴɩ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɮ ɢɠɧɨʀɤ ɥɩɫʀ
ȿɡɠɫɠɦɛ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀʁ
Ƚɛɡɦɣɝɣɧ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɩɧ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀʁ ɾ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɤɨʀ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ
ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɥɣ ɥɫɛɾɢɨɛɝɲʀ ɠɥɬɥɮɫɬʀʁ ɢɛɨɺɭɭɺ ɭɮɫɣɢɧɩɧ ɛɦɷɪʀɨʀɢɧɩɧ ɀɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɤɨʀ
ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɹɭɷ ɢɛɞɩɨɣ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɱʀɝ ɢɛ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨɩ ɫɩɢɫɩɜɦɠɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɛ-
ɧɣ ɭɛ ɧɠɭɩɟɣɥɛɧɣ
Ɍɭɛɱʀɩɨɛɫɨʀ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ
ɪɫɩɝɩɟɺɭɷ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨɩ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɜɛɞɛ-
ɭɷɩɰ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɨɛ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨɩ ɩɜɦɛɟɨɛɨɣɰ ɞɠɩ-
ɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɬɭɛɱʀɩɨɛɫɛɰ Ɉɛ ɨɣɰ ɟɩɥɦɛɟɨɩ
ɝɣɝɲɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬʀɝ
ɮ ɲɛɬʀ Ƚ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɭɛɥʀ ɨɛɮɥɩɝʀ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɨʀ
ɯʀɢɣɥɩɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɛ-
ɪɩɲɛɭɥɩɝɛɨʀ ɛɥɛɟɠɧʀɥɩɧ Ⱦ Ƚɣɬɩɱɷɥɣɧ
ȿɡɠɫɠɦɛɧɣ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛ-
ɱʀʁ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɮ ɫɛɢʀ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɣ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɬɥɩɫɣ-
ɬɭɛɭɣɬɺ ɝɬʀ ɰɭɩ ɱʀɥɛɝɣɭɷɬɺ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɾɹ
ɾ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɠɨɱɣɥɦɩɪɠɟʀʁ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ
©Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɛ ɠɨɱɣɥɦɩɪɠɟʀɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣª ɮ ɰ ɭɩɧɛɰ
©ɀɨɱɣɥɦɩɪɠɟʀɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɩɢɨɛɝɬɭɝɛª

24. ɟɩɝʀɟɨɣɥɣ ɬɦɩɝ-
ɨɣɥɣ ©ɍɩɪɩɨʀɧʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɦɩɝɨɣɥª

25. ɭɩɴɩ ©Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɛ
ɠɨɱɣɥɦɩɪɠɟʀɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣª ɾ ɪɠɫɳɣɧ ɝɣɟɛɨɨɺɧ ɠɨɱɣ-
ɥɦɩɪɠɟɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɮ ɺɥɠ ɨɛ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɰ ɟɩ-
ɬɺɞɨɠɨɷ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɨɛɮɥɣ ɪɩɟɛɾ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɩ ɪɫɣ-
ɫɩɟɨɠ ɬɠɫɠɟɩɝɣɴɠ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɫɠɬɮɫɬɣ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ
ɤ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɮ ɥɫɛ-
ʁɨʀ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɨɛɮɥ Ƚɠɦɣɥɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɩɪɫɛɱɷɩɝɛ-
ɨɩʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀʁ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷɬɺ ɮ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɛɰ
ʀ ɪɩɬʀɜɨɣɥɛɰ ɢ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɭɛ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɣɰ ɪɫɛɱɺɰ ɺɥʀ ɝɣ-
ɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɟɫɮɥɩɧ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɧɣ ɥɨɣɡɥɛɧɣ ɛɜɩ ɨɛ ɬɭɩɫʀɨɥɛɰ
Ɇɚɥ Ƚɟɨɪɝɿɣ ȼɢɫɨɰɶɤɢɣ
Ɇɚɥ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɚɧɚɞɨɥɶɫɶɤɢɣ ɥɿɫ

26. ȼɋɌɍɉ
ɪɠɫʀɩɟɣɲɨɣɰ ɝɣɟɛɨɷ ³ ɞɛɢɠɭ ɡɮɫɨɛɦʀɝ ɲɛɬɩ-
ɪɣɬʀɝ
ɑʀɥɛɝɮ ɤ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨɮ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɮ ʀɨɯɩɫ-
ɧɛɱʀɹ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɭɣ ɮ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɲɣɰ ɞɠɩɦɩ-
ɞʀɲɨɣɰ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɠɭɨɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɥɫɛɾɢɨɛɝ-
ɲɣɰ ɧɮɢɠɺɰ
ɋʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɨɩɝɣɨɣ ɧɣ ɴɩ-
ɟɠɨɨɩ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɾɧɩ ʀɢ ɢɛɬɩɜʀɝ ɧɛɬɩɝɩʁ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛ-
ɱʀʁ ³ ɫɛɟʀɩ ɭɛ ɭɠɦɠɜɛɲɠɨɨɺ ȿɮɡɠ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɭɛɥʀ
ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɦɠɨɨɺ ɾ ɩɪɠɫɛɭɣɝɨɩɹ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀɾɹ ɪɫɩ
ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɺɝɣɴɛ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɨɛɳʀɤ ɥɫɛ-
ʁɨʀ ɭɛ ɢɛ ʁʁ ɧɠɡɛɧɣ Ɉɛɟɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɳɣɫɩɥʀ ɧɩɡ-
ɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɟɩɬɭɮɪɮ ɟɩ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨɩʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ
ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀʁ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɢ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɩɧ ɥɩɧɪ·ɹɭɠɫ-
ɨɩʁ ɭɠɦɠɥɩɧɮɨʀɥɛɱʀɤɨɩʁ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ Ȳɨɭɠɫɨɠɭ
G Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɞɚɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿ-
ɞɿ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɣ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ
1. ɇɚɡɜɢ ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɢ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɤɭɪɫɭ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿʀ ɭ ɦɭ
ɤɥɚɫɿ ɋɤɥɚɞɢ ɞɜɿ ɫɯɟɦɢ ©Ɏɿɡɢɱɧɚ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɹ
ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢª ɬɚ ©ɋɭɫɩɿɥɶɧɚ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɹ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢª ɿɡ
ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɧɚɭɤ ɳɨ ɜɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɞɨ ʀɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɬɚ
ɨɛ¶ɽɤɬɿɜ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɰɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ
2. ɇɚɡɜɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɨʀ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɉɨɞɿɥɢ ʀɯ ɧɚ ɝɪɭɩɢ ɬɿ ɳɨ ɜɢ
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɥɢɲɟ ɭ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿʀ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɬɿ ɳɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨ
ɜɭɸɬɶ ɹɤ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɬɚɤ ɿ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɧɨʀ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿʀ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ
3. ɇɚɜɟɞɢ ɳɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɯɭɞɨɠɧɶɨɝɨ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɭ
4. ɉɨɹɫɧɢ ɪɨɥɶ ɿ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɚɰɿɨɧɚɪɧɢɯ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɿ
ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɲɬɭɱɧɨɝɨ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɚɧɚɞɨɥɶɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɥɿɫɭ
5. ɇɚɩɢɲɢ ɦɿɧɿɬɜɿɪ ɩɪɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɡ ɮɿɥɶɦɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɩɪɨ ɨɞɧɭ ɡ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɨɝɨ
ɡɦɿɫɬɭ ɹɤɢɣ ɹɤɭ

27. ɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɝɥɹɞɚɜ ɭɩɪɨɞɨɜɠ ɦɢɧɭɥɨɝɨ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɤɭ
6. əɤɳɨ ɽ ɡɦɨɝɚ ɜɿɞɜɿɞɚɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɱɭ ɟɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɿɸ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɽɡɧɚɜɱɨɝɨ ɦɭ
ɡɟɸ
Ɇɚɥ Ƚɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɚ ɟɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɿɹ
ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɭ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɬɨɦɚɯ

28. Ɇɚɥ ɉɨɥɬɚɜɫɶɤɢɣ ɤɪɚɽɡɧɚɜɱɢɣ
ɦɭɡɟɣ ɡ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɡɧɚɜɱɨɸ
ɟɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɿɽɸ

29. ȼɋɌɍɉ
† Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɩ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ
Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɧɮ
B ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ
ɓɨ ɛɭɥɨ ɜɿɞɨɦɨ ɞɚɜɧɿɦ ɝɪɟɤɚɦ ɩɪɨ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɸ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨʀ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ
ɇɚɜɟɞɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ ɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɧɢɯ ɬɜɨɪɿɜ ɳɨ ɡɛɟɪɟɝɥɢɫɹ ɡ ɱɚɫɿɜ Ʉɢʀɜɫɶɤɨʀ Ɋɭɫɿ
əɤɢɦɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɧɚɣɝɨɥɨɜɧɿɲɿ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɨʀ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿʀ ɭ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢ ɬɚ
ɇɨɜɢɣ ɱɚɫ
əɤɿ ɩɨɞɿʀ ɜ ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀ ɥɸɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɿɧɰɿ ɏ9 ɿ ɏȱɏ ɫɬɨɥɿɬɶ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɥɢ ɩɨɠɜɚɜɥɟɧ
ɧɹ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ
ɍ ɫɤɥɚɞɿ ɹɤɢɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɿɧɰɿ ɏȱɏ ɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɹ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨʀ
ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɑɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɜɨɸ ɞɭɦɤɭ ɭ ɰɢɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɚɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɿ ɫɩɨɫɬɟ
ɪɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɩɨɝɨɞɨɸ ɩɨɲɭɤ ɪɨɞɨɜɢɳ ɤɨɪɢɫɧɢɯ ɤɨɩɚɥɢɧ
Ƚʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɩ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ
ɦɹɟɬɭɝɛ
Ɍɮɭɭɾɝɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɮɺɝɦɠɨɷ ɪɫɩ ɬɝʀɭ ɭɛ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ
ɨɛɮɥɣ ɢɛɞɛɦɩɧ ɧɛɦɣ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɫɠɱɷɥɣɰ ɮɲɠɨɣɰ Ɉɛɤɪɠɫɳɛ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɛ
ɥɛɫɭɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɭɛ ɫɩɢɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɨʀɤ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɜɮɦɛ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɛ ɮ 9Ȳ ɬɭ ɟɩ ɨ ɠ Ⱦɠɥɛɭɠɾɧ
ɇʀɦɠɭɬɷɥɣɧ Ɉɛ ɝɠɦɣɥʀɤ ɧʀɟɨʀɤ ɟɩɳɱʀ ɛɝɭɩɫ ɝɣɞɫɛɝʀ-
ɫɮɝɛɝ ɮɬʀ ɫɠɞʀɩɨɣ ɢɛɬɠɦɠɨʀ ɦɹɟɷɧɣ ɢɛɯʀɥɬɮɝɛɝ ɮɬɠ ɴɩ
ɜɮɦɩ ɝʀɟɩɧɩ ɭɩɟʀ ɞɫɠɥɛɧ Ʌɛɫɭɮ ɝʀɨ ɨɛɢɝɛɝ ɉɤɥɮɧɠɨɛ
ɢ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɫɠɱɷɥɩʁ ³ ©ɪɫɩɡɣɝɛɹ ɨɛɬɠɦɺɹª

30. Ɏ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ
ɭɫɛɥɭɛɭʀ ©ɂɠɧɦɠɩɪɣɬª ɮɲɠɨɣɤ ɮɪɠɫɳɠ ɟɛɝ ɟɩɥɦɛɟɨʀ
ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɩ Ɍɥʀɯʀɹ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɩɪɣɬɛɝ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɠ
ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɞɫɠɱɷɥʀ ɥɩɦɩɨʀʁ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɺɥɣɰ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ
ɬɪʀɝɝʀɭɲɣɢɨɣɥɣ Ⱦɠɥɛɭɠɺ ³ ɧʀɬɭɺɨɣ ɧɛɦɩɛɢʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧʀ-
ɬɭɛ ɇʀɦɠɭ
©ȼɛɭɷɥɩ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁª Ⱦɠɫɩɟɩɭ ɧʀɡ ʀ ɟɩ ɨ ɠ ³
ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɟɩ ɨ ɠ

31. ɮ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɯɮɨɟɛɧɠɨɭɛɦɷɨʀɤ ɪɫɛɱʀ
©Ȳɬɭɩɫʀɺª ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɣɝ ɮɬɠ ɴɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɝʀɟɩɧɩ ɞɫɠɥɛɧ ɨɛ
ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ Ɏ ɲɠɭɝɠɫɭʀɤ ɥɨɣɢʀ ©Ȳɬɭɩɫʀʁª ɺɥɛ ɢɛɞɛɦɩɧ ɬɥɦɛ-
ɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɟɠɝ·ɺɭɣ ɥɨɣɞ ɢɨɛɲɨɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɝʀɟɝɠɟɠɨɩ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲ-
ɨɩɧɮ Ɋɫɣɲɩɫɨɩɧɩɫ·ɹ ȿɩɥɦɛɟɨɩ ɩɪɣɬɮɹɲɣ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɪɠɫ-
ɬʀɝ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɬɥʀɯʀɝ ɮ ɫ ɟɩ ɨ ɠ Ⱦɠɫɩɟɩɭ ɟɩɦɮɲɛɾ ɟɩ
ɬɝɩɞɩ ɭɝɩɫɮ ɨɛɫɣɬ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɭɛ ɠɭɨɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ Ɍɥʀɯʀʁ ɑɠ
ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɝɣɢɨɛɨɣɤ ɨɛɤɟɩɥɦɛɟɨʀɳɣɤ ɩɪɣɬ ɝɠɦɣɥɩʁ ɲɛ-
ɬɭɣɨɣ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɩʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɫɠɱɷɥɣɰ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛɰ
ɴɩ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɺ
Ɇɚɥ Ƚɟɪɛ ɋɿɦɮɟɪɨɩɨɥɹ
ɍ ɧɢɠɧɿɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɿ
ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɡɨɥɨɬɚ
ɚɧɬɢɱɧɚ ɱɚɲɚ ɡ ɥɟɝɟɧɞɢ
ɩɪɨ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɫɤɿɮɿɜ
ɑɚɲɚ ɽ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦ ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀ
ɦɿɫɬɚ ɳɨ ɛɟɪɟ ɫɜɿɣ
ɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ ɜɿɞ ɇɟɚɩɨɥɹ
ɋɤɿɮɫɶɤɨɝɨ ² ɫɬɨɥɢɰɿ
ɩɿɡɧɶɨɫɤɿɮɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ

32. ȼɋɌɍɉ
©Ɍɥʀɯʀɺ ³ ɱɠ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɛ ɢ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɣɧ ɲɩɫɨɩɢɠɧɩɧ ɜɛ-
ɞɛɭɛ ɭɫɛɝɩɹ ʀ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɢɝɩɦɩɡɠɨɛ ³ ɪɣɬɛɝ Ⱦɠɫɩɟɩɭ ³
Ɋɩ ɱʀɤ ɫʀɝɨɣɨʀ ɪɫɩɭʀɥɛɾ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɬɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɡ ɺɥ
ɥɛɨɛɦʀɝ ɮ Ȱɞɣɪɭʀ Ɉɛɢɝɮ ɝʀɟɩɧʀ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɬɮɟɨɩɪɦɛɝɨʀ ɝʀɟ
ɧɩɫɺ ɝɞɦɣɜ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɑɠ Ȳɬɭɫȿɮɨɛɤ@ Ɋɛɫɛɭɛ ɍʀɫɛɬȿ-
ɨʀɬɭɠɫ@ ȾʀɪɛɨʀɬɊɟ ȼɮɞ@ ȼɩɫɣɬɯɠɨȿɨʀɪɫɩ@ ɋʀɲ-
ɥɣ ɢɛɧɠɫɢɛɹɭɷ Ƚɦʀɭɥɮ ɲɛɬɭʀ ɞɫɩɢɣ Ƚɩɟɣ ɧɮɭɨʀª Ƚʀɨ
ɢɝɠɫɨɮɝ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɨɛ ɭɠɧɨʀ ɪɩɭɮɡɨʀ ʊɫɮɨɭɣ ʀ ɨɠɪɫɩɰʀɟɨʀ
ɦʀɬɣ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ ȿɨʀɪɫɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɪɭɛɰʀɝ ʀ ɫɣɜɣ
Ƚʀɨ ɟʀɢɨɛɝɬɺ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲ ɝʀɟ Ɍɥʀɯʀʁ ɜʀɦɷɳɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ
ɫɩɥɮ ɝɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɬɨʀɞ Ɋɩɨɭ ɀɝɥɬɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɒɩɫɨɠ ɧɩɫɠ

33. Ⱦɠɫɩɟɩɭ ɝɝɛɡɛɝ ©ɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɞʀɟɨɣɧ ɪɩɟɣɝɮ ɜɩ ɢ ɮɬʀɰ ɧɩ-
ɫʀɝ ɝʀɨ ɾ ɨɛɤɟɣɝɨʀɳɣɧ«ª
Ʌʀɦɷɥɛ ɧʀɬɺɱʀɝ Ⱦɠɫɩɟɩɭ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɝ ɝ ɉɦɷɝʀʁ Ƚʀɨ
ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɝ ɪɦɛɝɛɨɨɺ ɮ ɝɠɫɰʀɝ·ɺ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɞɩ ȼɮɞɮ ɪɩɜɮ-
ɝɛɝ ɨɛ ɜɠɫɠɞɛɰ ȿɨʀɪɫɛ
ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɣɤ ʀɨɭɠɫɠɬ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɣɤ ɪʀɟɬɮɧɩɥ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲ-
ɨɣɰ ɢɨɛɨɷ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɦɺɾ ɬʀɧɨɛɟɱɺɭɣɭɩɧɨɛ
©Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɺª ³ ɪɫɛɱɺ ɴɠ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɫɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɝɲɠ-
ɨɩɞɩ Ɍɭɫɛɜɩɨɛ ɟɩ ɨ ɠ ³ ɨɠ

34. Ɏ ɬɷɩɧʀɤ ɥɨɣɢʀ ɝʀɨ
ɩɪɣɬɮɾ ɛɨɭɣɲɨʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ʀ ɪɩɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɮɢɜɠ-
ɫɠɡɡʀ ɒɩɫɨɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ Ƚʀɨ ɟɩɥɦɛɟɨɩ ɢɨɛɤɩɧɣɭɷ ɲɣɭɛɲɛ
ɢ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺɧ Ʌɫɣɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ ɝʀɟ Ɋɛɨɭʀɥɛɪɠɺ
ɟɩ ɏɠɩɟɩɬʀʁ ɢ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺɧ ɝʀɟ Ʌɛɫɥʀɨʀɭɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ ɟɩ
ɞɣɫɦɛ ȼɩɫɣɬɯɠɨɛ ɟɠɦɷɭɩɹ Ȳɬɭɫɛ ɂɛ ɭɛɥɣɧɣ ɩɪɣɬɛɧɣ
ɬɮɲɛɬɨʀ ɝɲɠɨʀ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɢɧɩɞɮ ɪɫɩɬɭɠɡɣɭɣ ɢɧʀɨɮ ɩɜɫɣɬʀɝ
ɲɩɫɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɺɥɛ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɛɬɺ ɢɛ ɭɣɬɺɲʀ
ɫɩɥʀɝ Ƚʀɟɩɧɩ ɴɩ ɢɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ Ɍɭɫɛɜɩɨɛ ɫʀɝɠɨɷ ɒɩɫɨɩɞɩ
ɧɩɫɺ ɜɮɝ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɨɛ ɧɠɭɫʀɝ ɨɣɡɲɣɤ ɢɛ ɨɣɨʀɳɨʀɤ Ƚʀɟɭɩɟʀ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɰ ɢɧʀɨ ɢɛɢɨɛ-
ɦɛ ɜɠɫɠɞɩɝɛ ɦʀɨʀɺ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɪɩɬɠɦɠɨɷ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɟɩɜɣ ɩɪɣɨɣɦɣɬɺ ɪʀɟ ɝɩɟɩɹ ɨɛ ɧʀɬɱʀ
ɞɣɫɦ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɺ ɦɣɧɛɨɣ
ȿɛɝɨɷɩɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɤ ɮɲɠɨɣɤ Ɋɦʀɨʀɤ Ɍɭɛɫɳɣɤ ³ ɫɫ

35. ɮɪɠɫɳɠ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩ
ɪɩɺɬɨɣɝ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɮ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɮ ɜɮɫɳɭɣɨɮ ɝɥɛɢɛɝɳɣ ɴɩ ɮ Ɍɥʀɯʀʁ ɾ ɱɠɤ ɧʀɨɠɫɛɦ ʀɢ
ɡɩɝɭɮɝɛɭɣɧ ɭɛ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɮɝɛɭɣɧ ɝʀɟɭʀɨɥɛɧɣ Ɉɛɤɥɫɛɴʀ ɬɧɛɫɛɞɟɣ ɢɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ
ɭɛɥɩɡ ɜɮɦɣ ɢʀ Ɍɥʀɯʀʁ Ɋɠɫɳɣɤ ɩɪɣɬ ɢɮɜɫɛ ©ɜɣɥ ɢ ɥʀɨɬɷɥɩɹ ɞɫɣɝɩɹª

36. ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɝ ɭɛ-
ɥɩɡ Ɋɦʀɨʀɤ Ɍɭɛɫɳɣɤ Ɉɛɢɣɝɛɝ ɝʀɨ ɱɹ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɮ ©ɜʀɢɩɨɩɧª
Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɮ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɛɰ ɉɪɣɬɣ
ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɩʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɨɣɥɛɧɣ
ɒɣɧɛɦɩ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɮ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷ ©Ɇʀɭɩɪɣɬ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɤª ɢɛ Ȳɪɛɭʀʁɝɬɷɥɣɧ
ɬɪɣɬɥɩɧ Ȳɪɛɭʀʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬ

37. ɑɠ ɝɠɦɠɭɠɨɬɷɥɛ ɠɪɩɪɠɺ ɟɩɥɮɧɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɠ ɪɠɫ-
Ɇɚɥ Ƚɟɪɨɞɨɬ
Ɇɚɥ ɋɬɪɚɛɨɧ

38. ȼɋɌɍɉ
ɳɩɟɡɠɫɠɦɩ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɝɬɠɬɝʀɭɨɷɩʁ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɭɛ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɋɮɬʀ ɴɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ
ɢ ©Ɋɩɝʀɬɭʀ ɧɣɨɮɦɣɰ ɦʀɭª Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɮ ɭɛ ȾɛɦɣɱɷɥɩȽɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɮ
Ƚ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬʀ ɟɦɺ ɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɩɪɣɬɮɹɲɣ ɪɩ-
ɟʀʁ ɫ ɮɪɠɫɳɠ ɝɡɣɭɩ ɨɛɢɝɮ ©Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛª Ɏ ©Ɇʀɭɩɪɣɬʀ ɫɮɬɷɥɩɧɮª ɧɩɡɨɛ ɢɨɛɤɭɣ
ɝʀɟɩɧɣɤ ɢɛɪɣɬ ɪɫɩ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɮ ɢɛɪɣɬʀ ɫ ʀɢ ȾɛɦɣɱɷɥɩȽɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ
ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɮ ɝɪɠɫɳɠ ɢɞɛɟɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɧʀɬɭɩ Ɇɷɝʀɝ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɛɨɠ ɮ ɫ
ȿɩ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɪʀɢɨʀɰ ɩɪɣɬʀɝ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ʀ ɋɮɬʀɎɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ
ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥʀ ɛɝɭɩɫɣ ɺɥɣɰ ɱʀɥɛɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɪɩɟɫɩɜɣɱɺɧɣ ɪɩɜɮɭɩɧ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀɰ
ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɳɦɺɰɛɧɣ Ɋɠɫɳɣɧ ɭɝɩɫɩɧ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɢɧʀɬɭɮ ɴɩ ɟʀɤ-
ɳɩɝ ɟɩ ɨɛɳɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɩɹ ɧɩɝɩɹ ɜɮɦɛ ɥɨɣɞɛ Ȳɜɨ ɐɩɫɟɛɟɜɠɞɛ ɜɦ ³ ɜɦ

39. ©Ʌɨɣɞɛ ɳɦɺɰʀɝ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝª Ɏ ɨʀɤ ɝɥɛɢɛɨɩ ɨɛɢɝɣ ɪɫɩɝʀɨɱʀɤ ɧʀɬɭ ɪɩɟɛɨɩ
ɭɩɲɨʀ ɧɛɫɳɫɮɭɣ ɝʀɟɬɭɛɨʀ ɾ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɩ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɩɪɣɬɛɨɩ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨʀ
ɧɛɫɳɫɮɭɣ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɮɪɱʀɝ ɟɩ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ
Ɋɩɨɛɟ ɭɣɬ ɥɧ ɮɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ² ɫɫ ɪɩɟɩɦɛɝ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɣɤ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɨɣɥ Ȳɜɨ
ȼɛɭɭɮɭɛ Ƚʀɨ ɪɩɜɮɝɛɝ ɮ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɥɮɭɩɲɥɛɰ ʀɬɦɛɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɝʀɟ ȼɮɦɞɛɫɛ ɩɟɨɠ
ɢ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɰ ɭɩɞɩɲɛɬɨɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ ɂɩɦɩɭɩʁ ɉɫɟɣ ɝ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɩɞɩ ɍɛɭɛɫɬɭɛɨɮ

40. ɟɩ
ɇɩɧɜɛɬɣ ɪɩɫɭ ɮ Ʌɠɨʀʁ

41. ɝʀɟ ɍʀɧɜɮɥɭɮ ɝ ɬɮɲɛɬɨʀɤ ɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɇɛɦʀ

42. ɟɩ Ʌɣɭɛɹ Ƚʀɟɝʀɟɛɝ
ɝʀɨ Ʌɠɫɲ Ʌɛɯɮ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɛ ɏɠɩɟɩɬʀɺ

43. ʀ Ɍɩɦɰɛɭ ɨɣɨʀ Ɍɭɛɫɣɤ Ʌɫɣɧ

44. ɨɛ Ʌɫɣɧɬɷɥɩɧɮ
ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ
Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɩɪɣɬɣ ɭɛ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ Ɉɩɝɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ
ɉɟɨʀɾɹ ɢ ɪɠɫɳɣɰ ɥɛɫɭ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɤ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨʀɤ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɢɛ ɟɛ-
ɨɣɧɣ ɭɩɪɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɝɣɧʀɫʀɝ

45. ɜɮɦɣ ɥɛɫɭɣ ʉʀɤɩɧɛ Ɇɠɝɛɬɬɠɫɛ ɟɠ ȼɩɪɦɛɨɛ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɛ
ɢɛ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺɧ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɩɞɩ ʀɨɡɠɨɠɫɛ ɤ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɩɫɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɝ ɨɛ ɬɦɮɡɜʀ
ɮ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɮ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɢ ɪɩ ɫɫ Ɋɫɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɣɤ ɨɛ ɪɩɬɛɟɮ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɩ-
ɞɩ ʀɨɡɠɨɠɫɛ ɝʀɨ ɢɛɤɧɛɝɬɺ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩɧ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɭɛ ɫɠɥɩɨɬɭɫɮɥɱʀɾɹ ʀɬɨɮɹɲɣɰ ɯɩɫ-
ɭɠɱɷ Ɋɩɫɺɟ ʀɢ ɱɣɧ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɧ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺɧ ʉ ȼɩɪɦɛɨ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɝɣɝɲɛɝ ʀ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯɮ-
ɝɛɝ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ ɨɛ ɺɥʀɤ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɝ
Ʌɛɫɭɣ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ʉ ȼɩɪɦɛɨɛ ³ ɱɠ ɪɠɫ-
ɳʀ ɭɝɩɫɣ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛ-
ɯʀʁ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨɩ ɪɫɣɬɝɺɲɠɨʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɨɛ
ɨɣɰ ɨɛɢɝɮ ©Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛª ɝɪɠɫɳɠ ɝɡɣɭɩ ɟɦɺ
ɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɝɬʀɾʁ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ©ɝʀɟ ɇɩɬɥɩɝʀʁ ɟɩ
ɍɫɛɨɬʀɦɷɝɛɨʀʁª
Ɏ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ ɳɣɫɩɥɩ ɬɭɛɝ
ɝʀɟɩɧɣɤ ©ɉɪɣɬ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣª ɳɠ ɝɣɟɛɨɨɺ
ɮ ɫ ɠ ɟɩɪɩɝɨɠɨɠ ɝɣɟɛɨɨɺ ɝ ɫ
ɮ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɭʀ ɋɮɛɨ

46. ɟɠ ɛɝɭɩɫ ɪɩ-
ɟɛɾ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɤ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨʀ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ
Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɢɧɛɦɷɩɝɮɾ ɪɩɜɮɭ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ
ɬɠɦɺɨɬɭɝɛ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɬɭɛɨʀɝ ɟɩɥɦɛɟɨɩ ɩɪɣ-
ɬɮɾ ɟɨʀɪɫɩɝɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɫɩɞɣ ɭɩɴɩ
Ɇɚɥ Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɢ
ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ Ȼɨɩɥɚɧɚ

47. ȼɋɌɍɉ
ɋʀɝɠɨɷ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɨɨɺ ɥɛɫɭ ʉ ȼɩɪɦɛɨɛ ɜɮɝ ɨɛɟɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɤ Ƚʀɨ ɢɛɬɭɩɬɮɝɛɝ
ɜɛɞɛɭɮ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɮ ɮɧɩɝɨɣɰ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɷ ɂɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɨɣɰ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯ ɢɩɜɫɛɢɣɝ ɫʀɢɨʀ
ɭɣɪɣ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɣɰ ɪɮɨɥɭʀɝ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫʀ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɣɝ ɞɩɫɩɟɣɴɛ ɥɮɫɞɛɨɣ ɪɩɥɛɢɛɝ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ
ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɮ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɪɫɣɟʀɦɺɝ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɹ ɞʀɟɫɩɬʀɭɥɣ ɨɛɨʀɬ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɥʀɦɷ-
ɥʀɬɭɷ ɟɫʀɜɨɣɰ ɝɩɟɩɭɩɥʀɝ ɜɫɩɟɣ ɧɩɬɭɣ ɞɫɠɜɦʀ ɨɛ ɫʀɥɛɰ
Ɍɣɬɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ
Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɨɛɮɥɩɝʀ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ
ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɫɛɤɩɨʀɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɣɬɺ ɮ ;9,,, ɬɭ Ɋɩɲɛ-
ɭɩɥ ɪɫɩɧɣɬɦɩɝɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɋɩɬʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɝɣɧɛɞɛɝ
ɪɩɳɮɥɮ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɫɠɬɮɫɬʀɝ ɟɦɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠɲɠɨɨɺ
ɉɫɞɛɨʀɢɮɝɛɝɳɣ ɫɠɞɮɦɺɫɨʀ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫɠɡɠɨɨɺ ɢɛ ɢɧʀɨɩɹ
ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɺɝɣɴ ɮ ɐɛɫɥɩɝʀ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɮɲɠɨɣɤ ɝɣ-
ɨɛɰʀɟɨɣɥ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷ Ʌɛɫɛɢʀɨ ²

48. ɪɫɩɪɩɨɮɾ ɬɭɝɩ-
ɫɠɨɨɺ ɧɠɫɠɡʀ ɧɠɭɠɩɫɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɰ ɬɭɛɨɱʀɤ ɪɩ ɝɬʀɤ ɋɩɬʀɤ-
ɬɷɥʀɤ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɂɛ ɤɩɞɩ ʀɨʀɱʀɛɭɣɝɩɹ ɮ ɫ ɮ ɐɛɫɥɩɝʀ
ɢɛɬɨɩɝɛɨɩ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭ ɮ Ɍɰʀɟɨʀɤ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ
Ɇɚɥ ȼɚɫɢɥɶ Ʉɚɪɚɡɿɧ
Ƚʀɟɥɫɣɭɭɺ ɫɩɟɩɝɣɴ ɥɩɫɣɬɨɣɰ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨ ɮ ;9,,, ³ ɐȲɐ ɬɭ
ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɩʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ
Êîðèñí³
êîïàëèíè
Ðîêè Ïåðøîâ³äêðèâà÷³ ³ äîñë³äíèêè
Êàì’ÿíå
âóã³ëëÿ
1721
Çä³éñíåííÿ ïåðøèõ ñïðîá ðîçâ³äîê ³ ïðîìèñëîâîãî âèêîðè-
ñòàííÿ Ìèêèòîþ Âåïðåéñüêèì (ðàäíèê Êè¿âñüêî¿ ãóáåðí³¿
ç âèêîðèñòàííÿ ïðèðîäíèõ ðåñóðñ³â) ³ Ñåìåíîì ×èðêîâèì
(óïðàâëÿþ÷èé Áàõìóòñüêèìè ñîëÿíèìè ïðîìèñëàìè)
Çàë³çíà
ðóäà
1773
³äâ³äóâàííÿ äîëèíè ð³÷îê ²íãóëåöü òà Ñàêñàãàíü í³ìåöüêèì
ïðèðîäîäîñë³äíèêîì, ÿêèé ïåðåáóâàâ íà ðîñ³éñüê³é ñëóæá³,
Éîãàíîì Ãþëüäåíøòåäòîì. Çä³éñíåííÿ íèì ãåîëîã³÷íîãî
îïèñó ðåã³îíó, â ÿêèõ çãàäóºòüñÿ ÷îðíî-ñëþäèñòèé ñëàíåöü
1781
Îïèñ ðîäîâèù «çàë³çíîãî øèôåðó» â ðàéîí³ ñó÷àñíîãî
Êðèâîãî Ðîãó àêàäåì³êîì Ïåòåðáóðçüêî¿ àêàäå쳿 Âàñèëåì
Çóºâèì.
1881
Çàâäÿêè âêëàäàííþ áëèçüêî 200 òèñ. êðá. ó ãåîëîã³÷í³ äîñë³ä-
æåííÿ êðàþ àðõåîëîãîì ³ ï³äïðèºìöåì Îëåêñàíäðîì Ïîëåì
ðîçïî÷àòî âèäîáóòîê ðóäè
Ðòóòíà ðóäà 1879
Âèÿâëåííÿ ðóäè ó êàìåíîëîìíÿõ ï³ñêîâèêó ïîáëèçó çàë³ç-
íè÷íî¿ ñòàíö³¿ Ìèêèò³âêà ã³ðíè÷èì ³íæåíåðîì Àðêà䳺ì
̳íåíêîâèì
Ìàðãàíöå-
âà ðóäà
1883
Óêðà¿íñüêèé ãåîëîã ³ ã³ðíè÷èé ³íæåíåð Âàëåð³àí Äîìãåð âè-
ÿâëÿº âèõ³ä ðóäè íà ïîâåðõíþ â äîëèí³ ð³÷êè Ñîëîíà

49. ȼɋɌɍɉ
Ɋɩɲɣɨɛɹɲɣ ɢ ɫ ɢ ʀɨʀɱʀɛɭɣɝɣ Ɋɛɝɦɛ ɒɮɜɣɨ
ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ²

50. ɮ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɪɩɲɛɦɩ ɟʀɺɭɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨ-
ɨɩɂɛɰʀɟɨɠ ɝʀɟɟʀɦɠɨɨɺ ɋɩɬʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩ-
ɞɩ ɭɩɝɛɫɣɬɭɝɛ ɺɥɠ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɢɫɩɜɣɦɩ ɟɦɺ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ
ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ȳɧ·ɺ Ɋɛɝɦɛ ɒɮɜɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɢɨɛɾ
ɥɩɡɠɨ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɠɱɷ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɦɠ-
ɡɛɭɷ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ȿɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɞɩ ɞʀɧɨɮ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɏ ²
ɫɫ ɝʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɥɠɫʀɝɨɣɥɩɧ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲ-
ɨɩɞɩ ɭɩɝɛɫɣɬɭɝɛ ɟɩ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɂɛ ʁʁ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɛɧɣ
ɝɣɟɛɝ ɯɮɨɟɛɧɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɢɜʀɫɨɣɥ ©Ɋɫɛɱʀ
ɠɭɨɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩɬɭɛɭɣɬɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀʁ ɝ ɢɛ-
ɰʀɟɨɩɫɩɬʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɫɛɤª ɮ ɬɠɧɣ ɭɩɧɛɰ
ɇɛɨɟɫʀɝɨɣɥɣ ³ ɝɣɰʀɟɱʀ ɢ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ
ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɐ9ȲȲȲ ³ ɐȲɐ ɬɭ ɢɫɩɜɣɦɣ ɝɛɞɩ-
ɧɣɤ ɝɨɠɬɩɥ ɮ ɪʀɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɣ ɂɞɛɟɛɾɧɩ
ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɢʀ ©ɬɝʀɭɩɝɣɰ ɫɠɥɩɫɟɬɧɠɨʀɝª ɢɛ ɭɫɣ-
ɝɛɦʀɬɭɹ ɪɩɟɩɫɩɡɠɤ Ƚɛɬɣɦɺ Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫɩɝɣ-
ɲɛȼɛɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ²

51. ©ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ
ɅɩɦɮɧɜɛªəɫʀɺɆɣɬɺɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ²

52. ɪɠɫɳɩɞɩ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱɺ ɴɩ ɬɭɮɪɣɝ ɟɩ ɝɣɭɩɥʀɝ
ȼʀɦɩɞɩ Ɉʀɦɮ Ȱɞɩɫɛ Ʌɩɝɛɦɠɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ²

53. Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɠ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɾ ɝɣ-
ɟɛɭɨɣɤ ɫɩɬʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɨɣɥɞɮɧɛɨʀɬɭ
©ɥɛɛɫɛɧɭɛɧɩª ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɢ ɇʀɬɺɱɺ

54. ɟɦɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɭɮɜʀɦɷɱʀɝ ʀ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɣɤ ɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭ
ɟɦɺ ɩɬɝʀɲɠɨɣɰ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀɝ ɇɣɥɩɦɛ ɇɣɥɦɮɰɩɇɛɥɦɛɤ ²

55. Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɮ ɐɐ ɬɭ
Ɍɮɲɛɬɨʀ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɮ ³ ɱɠ
ɬɪʀɦɷɨɛ ɪɫɛɱɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɺɥʀ ɩɲɩɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɠɥɬɪɠ-
ɟɣɱʀʁ ɭɛ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨʀ ɢɛɥɦɛɟɣ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɩɹ ɭɝɩɫɲʀɬɭɹ
ɭɛ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɛɱʀɤɨɩɹ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɹ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɣ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɹ
ɭɛ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɨɛɮɥɣ
ɊɠɫɳɣɧɪɫɠɢɣɟɠɨɭɩɧȻɥɛɟɠɧʀʁɨɛɮɥɎɥɫɛʁɨɣ²

56. ɜɮɝ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ Ƚɠɫɨɛɟɬɷɥɣɤ ²

57. Ƚʀɨ
ɾ ɩɬɨɩɝɩɪɩɦɩɡɨɣɥɩɧ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɮ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɰ ɨɛɮɥ ɪɫɩ
ɂɠɧɦɹ ³ ɞɠɩɰʀɧʀʁ ɜʀɩɞɠɩɰʀɧʀʁ ɫɛɟʀɩɞɠɩɦɩɞʀʁ ɭɠɫɧʀɨ
ɢɛɪɫɩɪɩɨɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɮɲɠɨɣɧ ɮ ɫ

58. ɞʀɟɫɩɞɠɩɦɩɞʀʁ Ȳɟɠʁ
Ƚɠɫɨɛɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɦɣ ɢɨɛɲɨɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɮ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨʀ ɬɮ-
ɲɛɬɨɩʁ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɩʁ ɥɛɫɭɣɨɣ ɬɝʀɭɮ Ƚ ɱɠɨɭɫʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɣɰ
ʀ ɯʀɦɩɬɩɯɬɷɥɣɰ ʀɨɭɠɫɠɬʀɝ ³ ɫɩɢɫɩɜɥɛ ɱʀɦʀɬɨɩɞɩ ɝɲɠɨɨɺ
ɪɫɩ ɜʀɩɬɯɠɫɮ ɭɛ ʁʁ ɠɝɩɦɹɱʀɹ ɝ ɨɩɩɬɯɠɫɮ ɝ ɺɥʀɤ ɦɹɟ-
ɬɷɥɣɤ ɫɩɢɮɧ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɭɛ ʁʁ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɛ ɟɮɧɥɛ

59. Ñëîâî â÷åíîãî.
ȼɦɛɡɠɨɨɣɤ ɝɡɠ ɬɭɩ
ɥɫɛɭɨɩ ɺɥɴɩ ɝɣɪɛɟɩɥ ɟɛɝ
ɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɜɩ
ɟɛɤ ɨɛɤɧɠɨɳɠ ɟɩɜɫɩ ɦɹɜʀɤ
ɧɩʁɤ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ
Ƚɛɬɣɦɷ Ʌɛɫɛɢʀɨ
Ɇɚɥ ɉɚɦ¶ɹɬɧɢɤ Ɉɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɿ ɉɨɥɸ
ɭ Ⱦɧɿɩɪɨɩɟɬɪɨɜɫɶɤɭ
Ɇɚɥ ȼɨɥɨɞɢɦɢɪ
ȼɟɪɧɚɞɫɶɤɢɣ

60. ȼɋɌɍɉ
ɬɭɛɹɭɷ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɦɷɨɣɧ ɯɛɥɭɩɫɩɧ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɪɩ-
ɭɮɡɨɩɹ ɬɣɦɩɹ ɺɥɮ ɢɛ ɝɪɦɣɝɩɧ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɮ ɧɩɡ-
ɨɛ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɭɣ ɢ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɛɧɣ Ƚɲɠɨɨɺ
Ƚ Ƚɠɫɨɛɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɫɩ ɜʀɩɬɯɠɫɮ ʀ ɨɩɩɬɯɠɫɮ ɨɛɜɮ-
ɦɩ ɝ ɨɛɳ ɲɛɬ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɠɥɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɩʁ ɬɭɫɛɭɠɞʀʁ Ɉɛ
ɤɩɞɩ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ʊɫɮɨɭɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɬɮɲɛɬɨʀ ɫɩɢɫɩɜɥɣ ɢ ɪɫɩ-
ɜɦɠɧ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɣ ɟɩɝɥʀɦɦɺ ɭɛ ɢɜɠɫɠɡɠɨɨɺ ɠɥɩɦɩɞʀɲ-
ɨɩʁ ɫʀɝɨɩɝɛɞɣ
ɂɨɛɥɩɝɩɹ ɟɦɺ ɝɬʀɾʁ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɨɛɮ-
ɥɩɝɩʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɾ ɪɩɬɭɛɭɷ Ɍɭɠɪɛɨɛ ɋɮɟɨɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ
²

61. Ɏɲɠɨɣɤ ɩɪɮɜɦʀɥɮɝɛɝ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɨɛ-
ɮɥɩɝɣɰ ɪɫɛɱɷ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɩɹ ɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɾ ©ɉɬɨɩɝɣ ɢɠɧ-
ɦɠɢɨɛɨɨɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ȼɨɭɫɩɪɩɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɺª

62. Ɉɛɮɥɩɝʀ ʀɨɭɠɫɠɬɣ Ɍ ɋɮɟɨɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɛɟ-
ɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɳɣɫɩɥɣɧɣ Ƚɲɠɨɣɤ ɫɩɢɫɩɜɣɝ ɲʀɭɥɮ ɟɦɺ
ɬɝɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɬɭɫɮɥɭɮɫɮ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɨɛɮɥɣ Ɏ ɬɝɩ-
ʁɤ ɪɫɛɱʀ ©Ɉɣɨʀɳɨɺ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɺª ɝʀɨ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɨɮɝ
ɯɮɨɟɛɧɠɨɭɛɦɷɨʀ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɢɛɞɛɦɩɧ ɭɛ
ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɩʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɛ ɢɛɬɦɮɞɛ
Ɍ ɋɮɟɨɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɝ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɝʀɨ ɢɛɪɩɲɛɭɥɮɝɛɝ ɥɛɫ-
ɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɤ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɩɥ ɝ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥʀɤ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ
ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɤɩɧɮ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɮ ɲɣ ɨɠ ɝɪɠɫɳɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɠɟ-
ɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɩ ɮ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɫɛɱɺɰ ɺɥ ɱʀɦʀɬɨɮ
ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɩɝɮ ɩɟɣɨɣɱɹ

63. Ñëîâî â÷åíîãî.
Ɉɩɩɬɯɠɫɛ ³ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɤ ɢ
ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɬɭɛɨʀɝ ɠɝɩɦɹɱʀʁ
ɜʀɩɬɯɠɫɣ ɝ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀɤ ʀɬ
ɭɩɫʀʁ ³ ɬɭɛɨ ɨɛɳɣɰ ɟɨʀɝ
ɐʀɟ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɮ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ
ɪɩɲɣɨɛɾ ɨɛɧɣ ɢ·ɺɬɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ
ɬɺ ɝɣɰɩɟɺɲɣ ɢ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ʁʁ
ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɞɩ ɮ ɟɠ
ɺɥɣɰ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɛɬɪɠɥɭɛɰ
Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ Ƚɠɫɨɛɟɬɷɥɣɤ

64. Ñëîâî â÷åíîãî.
ɇɛɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨɛ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ
ɝɣɝɲɛɾ ɂɠɧɦɹ ©ɺɥ ɱʀɦʀɬ
ɨʀɬɭɷ ɢ ɧɛɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ
ɪɩɞɦɺɟɮª ɏʀɢɣɲɨɛ ɞɠɩɞɫɛ
ɯʀɺ ©ɫɩɢɞɦɺɟɛɾ ɂɠɧɦɹ ɺɥ
ɱʀɦʀɬɨʀɬɭɷ ʀ ʁʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ
ɢ ɯʀɢɣɲɨɩʁ ɭɩɲɥɣ ɢɩɫɮª
ȼʀɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɛ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ ɟɩ
ɬɦʀɟɡɮɾ ©ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɩɫ
ɞɛɨʀɲɨɣɰ ʀɬɭɩɭ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɨʀɤ
ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀª ©Ȼɨɭɫɩɪɩɞɠɩ
ɞɫɛɯʀɺ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɮɾ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɨʀ
ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɟɩ ɝɬʀɰ ɞɠɩ
ɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɺɝɣɴ ɭɝɠɫɟɩʁ
ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɝɩɟ ɛɭɧɩɬɯɠɫɣ
ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɩɬɭʀ ʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɨɩɞɩ
ɬɝʀɭɮ ɂɞɛɟɛɨʀ ɪ·ɺɭɷ ɪɫɣ
ɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɱɛɫɬɭɝ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛ
ɹɭɷ ɮ ɟɮɡɠ ɭʀɬɨɣɰ ɝɢɛɾɧɣ
ɨɛɰ ɧʀɡ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɝɪɦɣɝɛɹɭɷ
ɟɮɡɠ ɬɣɦɷɨɩ ɨɛ ɳɩɬɭɠ ɱɛɫ
ɬɭɝɩ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ³ ɦɹɟɬɭɝɩª
Ɍɭɠɪɛɨ ɋɮɟɨɣɱɷɥɣɤ ©Ɉɣ-
ɨʀɳɨɺ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɺª ɫ
Ɇɚɥ ȼɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɬɚ ɨɫɜɹɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɧɨʀ ɞɨɲɤɢ
ɋ Ɋɭɞɧɢɰɶɤɨɦɭ ɜ Ɍɟɪɧɨɩɨɥɿ ɧɚ ɮɚɫɚɞɿ ɛɭɞɢɧɤɭ
ɜ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɭ ± ɪɪ ɦɟɲɤɚɥɚ ɫɿɦ¶ɹ Ɋɭɞɧɢɰɶɤɢɯ

65. ȼɋɌɍɉ
Ɍɭɠɪɛɨ ɋɮɟɨɣɱɷɥɣɤ ɪɩ ɪɫɛɝɮ ɝɝɛɡɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɩɬɨɩɝɩɪɩɦɩɡɨɣɥɩɧ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɩ-
ɦʀɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɉɫɣɞʀɨɛɦɷɨɮ ʁʁ ɥɩɨɱɠɪɱʀɹ ɝʀɨ ɝɣɥɦɛɝ ɮ ɪɫɛɱɺɰ ©Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɢ ɪɩɦʀ-
ɭɣɲɨɩɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴɛª

66. ©Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ ʀ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɟɠɫɡɛɝɣª

67. ©Ɏɥɫɛ-
ʁɨɬɷɥɛ ɬɪɫɛɝɛ ɢʀ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴɛ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁª

68. ɑʀ ɪɫɛɱʀ ɝɲɠɨɩɞɩ ɧɛɹɭɷ
ʀ ɟɩɬʀ ɛɥɭɮɛɦɷɨɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɬɪɫɛɝɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɣɰ ɢɧɛɞɛɨɷ
ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɩʁ
ʀɟɠɨɭɣɲɨɩɬɭʀ ɮɬɝʀɟɩɧɦɠɨɨɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɫɩɦʀ ʀ ɧʀɬɱɺ ɝ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩ-
ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀ ɟɠɧɩɥɫɛɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ
Ɋɛɝɦɩ ɍɮɭɥɩɝɬɷɥɣɤ ²

69. ɪɫɩɝɩɟɣɝ ɟɩ-
ɥɦɛɟɨʀ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ƚʀɨ
ɾ ɛɝɭɩɫɩɧ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥʀɝ ɢ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀʁ ʀ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ
ɪɠɫɳɩɞɩ ɬɦɩɝɨɣɥɛ ɞɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɰ ɭɠɫɧʀɨʀɝ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɹ
ɧɩɝɩɹ Ƚɲɠɨɣɤ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɩ ʀ ɪɦʀɟɨɩ ɢɛɤɧɛɝɬɺ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺɧɣ
ɩɰɩɫɩɨɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ
Ⱦɛɝɫɣɦɩ ɍɛɨɯʀɦɷɾɝ ²

70. ɝɣɝɲɛɝ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɟʀɾɹ
ɫɩɬɦɣɨ ʀɢ ʊɫɮɨɭɩɝɣɧ ɪɩɥɫɣɝɩɧ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɛɧɣ ɜɠɢɦʀɬɬɺ ɬɭɠ-
ɪʀɝ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺɧ ʀ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɩɧ ɜɩɦʀɭ ɾ ɩɟɨɣɧ ɢ ɯɮɨɟɛɭɩ-
ɫʀɝ ɨɛɮɥɣ ɜɩɦɩɭɩɢɨɛɝɬɭɝɩ

71. ɝɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɪɫɩ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɩɨɣ
Ƚɣɟɛɭɨɣɤ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɩɢɨɛɝɠɱɷ ʊɫɮɨɭɩɢɨɛɝɠɱɷ ɦɛɨɟ-
ɳɛɯɭɩɢɨɩɝɠɱɷ ɞɠɩɜɩɭɛɨʀɥ ɛɥɛɟɠɧʀɥ Ɋɠɭɫɩ
Ɋɩɞɫɠɜɨɺɥ ²

72. ʀɨʀɱʀɹɝɛɝ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨ-
ɨɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɭɩɝɛɫɣɬɭɝɛ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ
Ɏ ² SS Ɋ Ɋɩɞɫɠɜɨɺɥ ɪɫɩɝɩɟɣɝ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ
ɫɩɜɩɭɮ ɢ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ʀ ɢɛɦʀɬɨɠɨ-
ɨɺ ɉɦɠɳɥʀɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɪʀɬɥʀɝ
Ƚɣɟɛɭɨɣɧɣ ɝɲɠɨɣɧɣ ɮ ɞɛɦɮɢʀ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɩʁ ɞɠɩ-
ɞɫɛɯʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɐɐ ɬɭ ɜɮɦɣ Ʌɩɬɭɺɨɭɣɨ Ƚɩɜɦɣɤ
²

73. ɉɦɠɥɬʀɤ ȿʀɜɫɩɝɛ ²

74. ɇɛɥ
ɬɣɧ Ɋɛɦɛɧɛɫɲɮɥ ²

75. ɭɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ʀɨɳɣɰ
Ⱦɩɦɩɝɨɣɧ ɫɠɟɛɥɭɩɫɩɧ ɝʀɟɩɧɩʁ ɀɨɱɣɥɦɩɪɠɟʀʁ
ɮɥɫɛʁɨɩɢɨɛɝɬɭɝɛ ɭɛ ɯɮɨɟɛɧɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɪɫɛɱʀ ©Ⱦɠ-
ɩɞɫɛɯʀɺ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɭɛ ɬɮɧʀɡɨɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷª ɾ Ƚɩ
ɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ Ʌɮɜʀɤɩɝɣɲ ²

76. Ɉɛɪɣɬɛɝ ɝʀɨ ʁɰ
ɝ ɠɧʀɞɫɛɱʀʁ
Ɍɮɲɛɬɨʀ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ
Ƚɣɥɦɣɥɣ ɤ ɢɛɞɫɩɢɣ ɐɐȲ ɬɭ ɟɦɺ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ
ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɦɹɟɬɭɝɛ ɝɣɧɛɞɛɹɭɷ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɮ ɝʀɟ ɫɩɢɮ-
ɧʀɨɨɺ ɬɛɧɩɟɩɬɭɛɭɨɩɬɭʀ ɟɩ ɬɛɧɩɩɜɧɠɡɠɨɨɺ ɉɬɨɩ-
ɝɩɹ ɟɦɺ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɾ ɥɩɨɱɠɪɱʀɺ ɬɭɛɦɩɞɩ ɢɜɛɦɛɨɬɩɝɛ-
ɨɩɞɩ

77. ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɺɥɛ ɾ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɣɧ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɠɨɨɺɧ
ɮɲɠɨɨɺ Ƚ Ƚɠɫɨɛɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɫɩ ɨɩɩɬɯɠɫɮ

78. Ñëîâî â÷åíîãî.
Ɏ ɲɮɟɩɝɣɰ ɢɝɮɥɛɰ ʀ ɺɬɥɫɛ
ɝɣɰ ɪɩɬɭɛɭɺɰ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ
ɪʀɬɠɨɷ ɮ ɬɪɩɥʀɤɨʀɤ ɧɩɝʀ
ɨɛɫɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɠɪɩɬɮ ɝ ɞɛɫɨɣɰ
ɭɝɩɫɛɰ ɪɠɨɢɦɺ ɨɛɳɣɰ ɧɛ
ɦɺɫʀɝ ʀ ɝ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɷɩɧɮ ɬɦɩɝʀ
ɨɛɳɣɰ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɠɭʀɝ
ɭɛ ɪɫɩɢɛʁɥʀɝ ɜɛɞɛɭɩɜɛɞɛ
ɭɩ ɫɛɢʀɝ ɢɧɛɦɷɩɝɛɨʀ ɫʀɢɨɩ
ɧɛɨʀɭɨʀ ɥɫɛɾɝɣɟɣ Ɏɥɫɛ
ʁɨɣ ³ ʁʁ ɬɭɠɪɣ ɜɠɢɥɫɛʁ
ɤ ɭɠɧɨʀ ɦʀɬɣ ʁʁ ɮɬɧʀɳɦɣɝʀ
ɞɩɫɜɥɣ ʀ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭɦʀ ɟɩɦɣɨɣ
ʁʁ ɜɛɞɛɭʀ ɪɩɦɺ ʀ ɢɠɦɠɨʀ ɦɮɥɣ
ʁʁ ɜɦɛɥɣɭɨʀ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɝɠɦɣɲ
ɨɣɤ ȿɨʀɪɫɩ ʀ ɧɠɨɳʀ ɫʀɥɣ ʁʁ
ɞɫʀɢɨʀ ɝɣɬɩɥʀ ɞɩɫɣ ʀ ɳɣɫɩɥɠ
ɒɩɫɨɠ ɧɩɫɠ
Ɋɛɝɦɩ ɍɮɭɥɩɝɬɷɥɣɤ
Ɇɚɥ ɉɚɜɥɨ
Ɍɭɬɤɨɜɫɶɤɢɣ

79. ȼɋɌɍɉ
Ɋɫɩɝʀɟɨɩɹ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɩɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɩɹ ɮɬɭɛɨɩɝɩɹ
ɢ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɲɩɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷ-
ɨɩɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɨɛɮɥɣ ɾ Ȳɨɬɭɣ-
ɭɮɭ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɈȻɈ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɏ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɭɫɮɥɭɮɫʀ
ɯɮɨɥɱʀɩɨɮɹɭɷ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɣɰ ɝʀɟɟʀɦʀɝ ɦɛɨɟɳɛɯɭɩ-
ɢɨɛɝɬɭɝɛ ɞɠɩɧɩɫɯɩɦɩɞʀʁ ɪɛɦɠɩɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɬɮɬ-
ɪʀɦɷɨɩɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɷ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɩ-
ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɢɜɛɦɛɨɬɩɝɛɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ
ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ
Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɪɫɩɝɩɟɣɭɷ ɨɛɮɥɩɝʀ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ
ɝ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟʀ ɂ ɱʀɾɹ ɧɠɭɩɹ ɮ ɫ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɩ
Ɉɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɣɤ ɱɠɨɭɫ
ɺɥɣɤ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠɲɮɾ ɫɩɜɩɭɮ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɛɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɲ-
ɨɩʁ ɬɭɛɨɱʀʁ ©Ȼɥɛɟɠɧʀɥ Ƚɠɫɨɛɟɬɷɥɣɤª ɭɛ ɥɩɩɫɟɣ-
ɨɮɾ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɥɣ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ
Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɮ ɪɩɪɮɦɺɫɣɢɛɱʀʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ
ɺɥ ɨɛɮɥɣ ɧɛɾ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɞɠɩɞɫɛ-
ɯʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɭɩɝɛɫɣɬɭɝɛ
G Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɞɚɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɣ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ
1. ɋɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣ ɭɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɚɧɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɜɱɟɧɢɯ ɩɪɨ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɸ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨʀ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɧɚ
ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɿ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ Ƚɟɤɚɬɟɹ Ƚɟɪɨɞɨɬɚ ɋɬɪɚɛɨɧɚ ɉɥɿɧɿɹ ɋɬɚɪɲɨɝɨ
2. ɑɨɦɭ ɤɚɪɬɢ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɿ Ƚɿɣɨɦɨɦ ɞɟ Ȼɨɩɥɚɧɨɦ ɜɜɚɠɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦɢ ɡ ɧɚɣɤɪɚ
ɳɢɯ ɭ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɿɣ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɿʀ ɏ9ȱȱ ɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɹ
3. Ɉɡɧɚɣɨɦɫɹ ɿɡ ɬɜɨɪɨɦ Ȼɨɩɥɚɧɚ ©Ɉɩɢɫ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢª ɧɚ ɫɚɣɬɿ KWWSERSODQSHUHSOXW
QHWRSVKWP ɇɚɜɟɞɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɨɩɢɫɭ ɪɿɱɤɢ Ȼɨɪɢɫɮɟɧ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɣ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ
4. ɇɚɡɜɢ ɜɱɟɧɢɯ ɹɤɢɦ ɧɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɩɚɥɶɦɚ ɩɟɪɲɨɫɬɿ ɭ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɿ ɪɨɞɨɜɢɳ ɤɚɦ¶ɹɧɨ
ɝɨ ɜɭɝɿɥɥɹ ɡɚɥɿɡɧɢɯ ɦɚɪɝɚɧɰɟɜɢɯ ɿ ɪɬɭɬɧɢɯ ɪɭɞ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɟɧɚɯ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨʀ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ
5. Ɉɤɪɟɫɥɢ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɬɨɪɚ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɨʀ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ ɋɬɟɩɚɧɚ Ɋɭɞ
ɧɢɰɶɤɨɝɨ ɇɚɩɢɲɢ ɬɜɿɪɟɫɟ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɞɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɱɟɧɨɝɨ ©ȼɿɞɞɚɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɚɭɰɿ ɣ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿª
6. Ɉɛɟɪɢ ɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɣ ɜɿɞɞɿɥ ȱɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɭ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿʀ ɇȺɇ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ
ɫɚɣɬ ȱɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɭ KWWSZZZLJXRUJXD ɡɚɩɢɲɢ ɭ ɡɨɲɢɬ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɿ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɢ ɞɨɫɥɿ
ɞɠɟɧɶ ɹɤɿ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɰɢɦ ɜɿɞɞɿɥɨɦ
7. ɏɨɱɟɲ ɩɨɜ¶ɹɡɚɬɢ ɫɜɨɸ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɸ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɡ ɧɚɣɪɨɦɚɧɬɢɱɧɿɲɨɸ
ɧɚɭɤɨɸ ɇɚ ɫɚɣɬɿ KWWSRVYLWDXDYQ]JXLGH ɬɢ ɦɨɠɟɲ ɨɡɧɚɣɨɦɢɬɢɫɹ ɡ ɩɟɪɟɥɿ
ɤɨɦ ɜɢɳɢɯ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɇɚɜɟɞɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ ɜɢɲɿɜ ɹɤɿ ɝɨɬɭɸɬɶ
ɮɚɯɿɜɰɿɜ ɡɚ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ ©ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɹª
Ɇɚɥ ȿɦɛɥɟɦɚ ȱɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɭ
ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿʀ ɇȺɇ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ
Ɇɚɥ ȿɦɛɥɟɦɚ ɚɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɱɧɨʀ
ɫɬɚɧɰɿʀ ©Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɿɤ ȼɟɪɧɚɞɫɶɤɢɣª

80. DZdzǼDZǾǮȂǥȅǻǮ ǸǮǾȀǮ
ȀǮ ǾǼǯǼȀǮ ǵ ǻdzȌ
ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ
Ɍɟɦɚ Ƚɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɚ
Ɍɟɦɚ Ɍɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿ ɤɚɪɬɢ
Ⱥɮɨɪɢɡɦɿɜ ɞɢɮɿɪɚɦɛ ɟɩɿɬɟɬɿɜ ɜɢɞɚɬɧɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɩɪɢɫɜɹɱɟɧɢɯ ɝɟ
ɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿɣ ɤɚɪɬɿ ² ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɡ ɧɚɣɜɚɠɥɢɜɿɲɢɯ ɜɢɧɚɯɨɞɿɜ ɥɸɞɫɬɜɚ ²
ɦɨɠɧɚ ɧɚɜɨɞɢɬɢ ɛɟɡɥɿɱ Ɉɩɪɚɰɶɨɜɭɸɱɢ Ɋɨɡɞɿɥ ȱ ɬɢ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɽɲ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ©ɫɟɤɪɟɬɢª ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɤɚɪɬ ɨɡɧɚɣɨɦɢɲɫɹ ɡ ʀɯɧɿɦɢ ɤɨɦɩ¶ɸ
ɬɟɪɧɢɦɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɚɦɢ ² ɝɟɨɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɧɢɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɧɚɜɱɢɲɫɹ
ɱɢɬɚɬɢ ɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿ ɤɚɪɬɢ
Ʉɚɪɬɚ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɿɲɚ ɡɚ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɛɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɨ
ɹɫɤɪɚɜɿɲɟ ɧɚɨɱɧɿɲɟ ɥɚɤɨɧɿɱɧɿɲɟ ɧɿɠ ɧɚɣɤɪɚɳɢɣ
ɬɟɤɫɬ
ɉ ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜ ² Ɍɹɧɶɒɚɧɶɫɶɤɢɣ
Ʉɚɪɬɚ ² ɚɥɶɮɚ ɿ ɨɦɟɝɚ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿʀ
Ɇɢɤɨɥɚ Ȼɚɪɚɧɫɶɤɢɣ

81. † ɂɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ
ɭɝɩɫɛɰ ɀɦɠɧɠɨɭɣ ɥɛɫɭɣ Ʌɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ
ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀʁ ʀ ɬɪɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ
B ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɞɚɜɧɶɨɝɪɟɰɶɤɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɯ ² ɚɜɬɨɪɿɜ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɢɯ ɤɚɪɬ ɏɬɨ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɡɚ
ɩɪɨɩɨɧɭɜɚɜ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɭɜɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɚɯ ɩɚɪɚɥɟɥɿ ɿ ɦɟɪɢɞɿɚɧɢ
əɤɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɿ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɢ ɧɚɲɨʀ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɢ
Ⱦɟ ɧɚɣɬɨɱɧɿɲɟ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨ Ɂɟɦɥɸ ² ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɿ ɱɢ ɝɥɨɛɭɫɿ
ɂɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɭɝɩɫɛɰ
Ɉɣɨʀ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɡɩɟɨɩʁ ɨɛɮɥɣ ɪɫɩ ɂɠɧɦɹ ɺɥɛ ɢɧɩɞɦɛ ɜ ɩɜʀɤɭɣɬɺ ɜɠɢ ɥɛɫɭ Ʌɛɫɭɣ ɢ
ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɟɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩɜ ɢɛɯʀɥɬɮɝɛɭɣ ɧɠɡʀ ɧɣɬɦɣɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɮɞʀɟɷ ɢɠ-
ɧɠɦɷɨɣɰ ɨɛɟʀɦʀɝ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɩɬɝɩɾɨɨɺ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɤ

82. ɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɣɰ
ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɭɩɴɩ ɍɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ ɬɭɛɟɛ ɫɩɟɮ ɪɦɠɧɠɨʀ ɜɮɦɛ ɭɩɹ ɠɦɠɧɠɨɭɛɫɨɩɹ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɥɩɹ
ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɩɝɣɴɛ ɺɥɮ ɪɩɝɣɨɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɟɠɭɛɦɷɨɩ ɢɨɛɭɣ ɪɠɫɝʀɬɨɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ
ɟɦɺ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɜɠɢɪɠɥɣ Ƚ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɮ ɒɠɫɥɛɬɷɥʀɤ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɝ ɰ ɫɫ ɐɐ ɬɭ ɜɮɝ ɢɨɛɤɟɠɨɣɤ
ɩɟɣɨ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳɣɰ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɧɛɦɹɨɥʀɝ ɪɠɫɝʀɬɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ³ ɧɛɦɹɨɩɥ ɝɣ-
ɫʀɢɷɜɦɠɨɣɤ ɨɛ ɜɣɝɨʀ ɧɛɧɩɨɭɛ Ɉɛ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨʀ ɞɩɫɛ ɬɭɩɝɜɮɫɣ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɭɛ ɫʀɲɥɛ
ɨɛ ɜɠɫɠɢʀ ɺɥɩʁ ɬɭɩɺɭɷ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɣ
ɉɟɨʀɾɹ ɢ ɨɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳɣɰ ɥɛɫɭ ɟɠ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɩʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɾ
ɥɛɫɭɛ Ʌɦɛɝɟʀɺ Ɋɭɩɦɠɧɠɺ ȲȲ ɬɭ ɨɠ

83. ȿɩɥɦɛɟɨʀɳɠ ɨɛ ɨʀɤ ɪɩɥɛɢɛɨɩ ɲɩɫɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥɠ
ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ
Ȱ ɨɠɪɫɺɧʀ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɩ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ
ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɲɛɬʀɝ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɋɮɬʀ ɛɦɠ ɡɩɟɨɩɞɩ
ɢ ɨɣɰ ɟɩ ɨɛɳɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɨɠ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɩɬɺ Ɋʀɢɨʀɳɠ
ɝ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲʀ ɮ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɮ ɢ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɩɧ ɧɩɫ-
ɬɷɥɩʁ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɫʀɢɥɩ ɢɫɩɬɦɛ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɛ ɝ ɥɛɫɭɛɰ ɟɦɺ
ɪɫɩɥɦɛɟɛɨɨɺ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɧɛɫɳɫɮɭʀɝ ɨɛɝʀɞɛɱʀʁ

84. ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɹ ɭɩɲɨʀɬɭɹ ɝʀɟɢɨɛɲɛɦɣɬɺ ɥɛɫ-
ɭɣɪɩɫɭɩɦɛɨɣ Ɉɛ ɨɣɰ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɛɨɠɬɠɨʀ ɬʀɭɥɣ ɥɩɧ-
ɪɛɬɨɣɰ ɦʀɨʀɤ ɢ ɫɺɟɮ ɭɩɲɩɥ ɴɩ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɺɦɩ ɢɛ ɟɩ-
ɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɝɣɨɛɤɟɠɨɩɞɩ ɝɡɠ ɟɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɥɩɧɪɛɬɮ
ɪɫɩɥɦɛɟɛɭɣ ɥɮɫɬɣ ɟɦɺ ɬɮɟɠɨ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɤ ɮ ɝʀɟ-
ɥɫɣɭɩɧɮ ɧɩɫʀ
Ɍɟɦɚ ȽȿɈȽɊȺɎȱɑɇȺ ɄȺɊɌȺ
Ɇɚɥ Ʉɚɪɬɚ ɜɢɪɿɡɶɛɥɟɧɚ
ɧɚ ɛɢɜɧɿ ɦɚɦɨɧɬɚ ɬɚɤ ɡɜɚɧɚ
Ɇɟɠɢɪɿɱɤɚɪɬɚ

85. ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɽ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿɸ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɿɣ
ɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɫɬɿ ɪɨɤɿɜ ɬɨɦɭ

86. ɌȿɆȺ Ƚɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɚ
ɂɛɰʀɟɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɟɩ ȿɨʀ-
ɪɫɛ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɛ ɨɛ ɟɝɩɰ ɥɛɫɭɛɰ ɫ ʀ ɫ
ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥɛ ɤ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯɛ ȼɠɫɨɛɫɟɛ Ƚɛ-
ɪɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ƚʀɨ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɾ ɛɝɭɩɫɩɧ ɥɛɫɭɣ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ
Ɍɛɫɧɛɭʀʁ ɫ ɢɨɛɤɟɠɨɩʁ ɮ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɮ ɫ
Ɉɛ ɨʀɤ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɟɠɭɛɦɷɨɩ ɪɩɥɛɢɛɨɩ Ʌɫɣɧ
Ɋɠɫɳɣɧɣ ɥɛɫɭɛɧɣ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɤ
ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨʀɤ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɢɛ ɟɛɨɣɧɣ ɭɩɪɩɞɫɛ-
ɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɝɣɧʀɫʀɝ

87. ɜɮɦɣ ɧɛɪɣ ɇɣɥɩɦɛɺ ɐɫɣɬɭɩ-
ɯɩɫɛ ɋɛɟɢʀɝʀɦɦɛ Ɍɣɫɩɭɥɣ

88. ʀ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɞɩ ɝɡɠ ɭɩɜʀ
ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯɛ ʉʀɤɩɧɛ Ɇɠɝɛɬɬɠɫɛ
ɟɠ ȼɩɪɦɛɨɛ Ʌɨɺɢɷ ɋɛɟɢʀɝʀɦɦɌɣɫɩɭɥɛ ɢɛ ɮɲɛɬɭʀ
ɞɫɛɝɠɫɛ ɍɩɧɛɳɛ ɇɛɥɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɝ ɥɛɫɭɮ Ɇɣɭɝɣ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝɩɨɛ ɝʀɟɩ-
ɜɫɛɡɛɦɛ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲ ɝʀɟ ɦʀɨʀʁ Ɍɨɺɭɣɨ ³ Ʌɛɧ·ɺɨɠɱɷɊɩɟʀɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ³ ȼɫɛɱɦɛɝ ³ ɒɠɫ-
ɥɛɬɣ

89. ɨɛ ɰ ɛɫɥɮɳɛɰ ɮ ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜʀ Ɉɛɟɫɮɥɩɝɛɨɛ ɧɛɪɛ ɮ ɫ
ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɮ ɱʀɨɨʀɬɭɷ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨʀ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɧ ʀɨɡɠɨɠɫɩɧ ʀ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯɩɧ
ʉ ȼɩɪɦɛɨɩɧ ɺɥʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɟɩɟɛɭɥɩɧ ɟɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɱʀ ©ɉɪɣɬ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣª

90. ɂɛ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ
ɫɩɢɧʀɫɛɧɣ ʀ ɟɩɬɭɩɝʀɫɨʀɬɭɹ ɥɛɫɭɣ ȼɩɪɦɛɨɛ ɪɠɫɠɝɠɫɳɮɹɭɷ ɮɬʀ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɭɝɩɫɣ
ɺɥʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɝɣɟɛɨʀ ɫɛɨʀɳɠ ʀ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɢ ɭɣɰ ɴɩ ɜɮɦɣ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨʀ ɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ
Ɏ ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ;9,,, ɬɭ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɠɨɛɰ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɪɫɩɝɩɟɺɭɷɬɺ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨʀ
ɢɤɩɧɥɣ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ²

91. ɍɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɨɛ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɱɣɰ ɢɨʀɧɛɨɷ ɜɮɦɛ ɝʀ-
ɟɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɛ ɨɛ ɲɩɭɣɫɷɩɰ ɥɛɫɭɛɰ ©Ȼɭɦɛɬɬɛ ɋɩɬɬɣɤɬɥɩɞɩª

92. Ɋɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ² ɫɩɥʀɝ ɪʀɟ ɥɠɫʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩɧ ɛɬɭɫɩɨɩɧɛ ʀ ɞɠɩɟɠɢɣɬɭɛ Ƚɛɬɣɦɺ
Ɍɭɫɮɝɠ ʀ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɞɠɩɟɠɢɣɬɭɛ Ʌɛɫɦɛ ɍɠɨɨɠɫɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɛ ɧɠɫɠɡɛ ɝɣɧʀɫɹ-
ɝɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɪɮɨɥɭʀɝ ² ©ɋɩɬʀɤɬɷɥɩɌɥɛɨɟɣɨɛɝɬɷɥɛ ɞɠɩɟɠɢɣɲɨɛ ɟɮɞɛª ɛɜɩ ©ȿɮɞɛ Ɍɭɫɮ-
ɝɠª Ƚɩɨɛ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɦɛɬɷ ɮɢɟɩɝɡ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɛɨɛ ɨɛ ɝʀɟɬɭɛɨʀ ɥɧ ɧʀɡ ɬɠɦɩɧ Ɍɭɛɫɛ
Ɉɠɥɫɛɬʀɝɥɛ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟ ɝʀɟ Ȳɢɧɛʁɦɛ

93. ɝ ɉɟɠɬɷɥʀɤ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɨɛ
ɜɠɫɠɢʀ Ʌʀɦʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɞɣɫɦɛ ȿɮɨɛɹ ɭɛ ɧʀɬɭɩɧ ɏɮɦɞɠɨɠɬ
ɨɛ ɜɠɫɠɢʀ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɣɭɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɝ Ɉɩɫɝɠɞʀʁ
Ɋɠɫɠɭɣɨɛɾ ©ȿɮɞɛ Ɍɭɫɮɝɠª ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ ɥɫɛʁɨ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ
ȼʀɦɩɫɮɬʀ ɀɬɭɩɨʀʁ Ɇɛɭɝʀʁ Ɇɣɭɝɣ ɇɩɦɟɩɝɣ Ɉɩɫɝɠɞʀʁ
ɋɩɬʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɏʀɨɦɺɨɟʀʁ ɓɝɠɱʀʁ Ƚɣɧʀɫɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɱʀɾʁ
ɟɮɞɣ ɺɥɛ ɟɩɫʀɝɨɹɾ ɩɥɫɮɡɨɩɬɭʀ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɨɛɤ-
ɜʀɦɷɳ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɧ ɝɣɧʀɫɹɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɯʀɞɮɫɣ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɢɛ ɝɬʀ ɪɩ-
ɪɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɟɝʀ ɭɣɬɺɲʀ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɣɰ ɫɩɜʀɭ ɑʀ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɣ
ɧɛɦɣ ɟɮɡɠ ɝɣɬɩɥɮ ɭɩɲɨʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɨʀɡ ɬɭɛ
ɫɩɥʀɝ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɮɬʀɰ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɣɰ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɣɰ
ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺɰ ɯʀɞɮɫɣ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɭɛ ɪɫɣ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯɮɝɛɨɨʀ
ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɤ
Ɏ ɫɩɱʀ Ʌɩɧʀɭɠɭ ɢ Ƚɬɠɬɝʀɭɨɷɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ əɈɀ-
ɌɅɉ ɮɰɝɛɦɣɝ ɫʀɳɠɨɨɺ ɢɛɨɠɬɭɣ ɟɩ Ɍɪɣɬɥɮ Ƚɬɠɬɝʀɭɨɷɩʁ
Ɇɚɥ ɉɨɪɬɨɥɚɧ ɑɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ
ɫɤɥɚɞɟɧɢɣ Ⱦɿɽɝɨ ɏɨɦɟɦ ɪ
Ɇɚɥ Ɉɛɤɥɚɞɢɧɤɚ
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɚɬɥɚɫɭ
ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ

94. ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ Ƚɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɬɚ ɪɨɛɨɬɚ ɡ ɧɟɸ
ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ Ⱦɠɩɟɠɢɣɲɨɮ ɟɮɞɮ Ɍɭɫɮɝɠ ɺɥ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɝɣɟɛɭɨɩʁ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɱʀɨ-
ɨɩɬɭʀ ɉɯʀɱʀɤɨɩ ɪʀɟ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɮ ɝɢɺɭɩ ɪɮɨɥɭɣ ɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨʀ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛ-
ʁɨʀ ² ɭɫɣ ɮ ɐɧɠɦɷɨɣɱɷɥʀɤ ȼɛɫɛɨʀɝɥɛ Ʌɛɭɠɫɣɨʀɝɥɛ ɏɠɦɷɳɭɣɨ

95. ʀ ɩɟɣɨ Ɍɭɛɫɛ
Ɉɠɥɫɛɬʀɝɥɛ

96. ² ɝ ɉɟɠɬɷɥʀɤ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɺɰ
Ɋɠɫɳɣɤ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɨɣɤ ɛɭɦɛɬ ©Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɤ ɛɭɦɛɬ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣª ɝɣɤɳɩɝ ɟɫɮɥɩɧ
ɮ ɫ ɑɠɤ ɛɭɦɛɬ ɜɮɝ ɫɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɺɥ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɪɩɬʀɜɨɣɥ ɟɦɺ ɳɥʀɦ Ɉɛ
ɥɛɫɭɛɰ ɛɭɦɛɬɮ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩɧɣɬɦɩɝʀɬɭɷ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɠ
ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ Ɏ ɫɩɱʀ ɮ Ɇɷɝɩɝʀ ɝɣɟɛɨɩ ©Ȼɭɦɛɬ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɤ ɬɮɧɠɡɨɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɝª ɢɛ
ɫɠɟɛɥɱʀɾɹ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ʌɮɜʀɤɩɝɣɲɛ Ȼɭɦɛɬ ɫɩɢɥɫɣɝɛɾ ɺɝɣɴɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ
ʀ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ ɮ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɨɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɬɭɛɨɩɧ ɨɛ ɭʀ ɫɩɥɣ
ɐɐ ɬɭ Ɏ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɥɛɫɭ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɟʀɛɞɫɛɧ
Ɏ ɟɫɮɞʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ɐɐ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ ɝɣɤɳɦɣ ɟɫɮɥɩɧ ©Ȼɭɦɛɬ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ
Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ 33ª

97. ©Ȼɭɦɛɬ Ɏɥɫɛɣɨɬɥɩɤ ɌɌɋ ɣ ɇɩɦɟɛɝɬɥɩɤ ɌɌɋª ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥ-
ɬɨɣɤ

98. ©Ȼɭɦɛɬ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɶɰ ɮɬɦɩɝɣɤ ɣ ɠɬɭɠɬɭɝɠɨɨɶɰ ɫɠɬɮɫɬɩɝ Ɏɥɫɛɣɨɬɥɩɤ ɌɌɋª

99. ©Ȼɭɦɛɬ Ɏɥɫɛɣɨɬɥɩɤ ɌɌɋ ɣ ɇɩɦɟɛɝɬɥɩɤ ɌɌɋª ɯʀɢɣɲɨɣɤ

100. ɭɛ ʀɨ
Ɏ ɫɩɱʀ ɝɣɟɛɨɩ Ʌɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɨɣɤ ɛɭɦɛɬ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɧɛɦ

101. ɮ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɭɺɭɷɬɺ
ɬɮɲɛɬɨʀ ɝɟɩɬɥɩɨɛɦɠɨʀ ɯʀɢɣɥɩɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɛɦɠ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɪɩ-
ɥɛɢɮɹɭɷ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨʀ ɺɝɣɴɛ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɬɭɛɨɩɧ ɨɛ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɫɩɥɣ ;;, ɬɭ Ƚʀɨɱɠɧ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛ-
ɯɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛɳɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɬɭɛɝ Ɉɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɛɭɦɛɬ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ

102. ɮ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɨɛ
ɬɭɩɫʀɨɥɛɰ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɩ ɥɛɫɭ ɫʀɢɨɩɞɩ ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜɮ ʀ ɢɧʀɬɭɮ
ɀɦɠɧɠɨɭɣ ɥɛɫɭɣ
ɉɬɨɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɠɦɠɧɠɨɭɛɧɣ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ

103. ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ
ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ

104. ɧɛɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨɮ ɩɬɨɩɝɮ

105. ɠɦɠɧɠɨɭɣ ɟɩɟɛɭɥɩɝɩʁ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɣ ɭɠ-
ɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ

106. ɩɬɨɛɴɠɨɨɺ ɥɛɫɭ
Ʌɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɾ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɧ ɠɦɠɧɠɨɭɩɧ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɥɛɫ-
ɭɣ ɑɠ ɝɬʀ ɭʀ ɮɧɩɝɨʀ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭʀ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɠɨʀ ɺɝɣɴɛ
ɤ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ɟʀɤɬɨɩɬɭʀ Ƚɣɝɲɛɹɲɣ ɱʀ ɮɧɩɝɨʀ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ʀ ʁɰɨʀ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ
ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɢɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ɲɣɭɛɲ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɩɬɧɣɬɦɹɾ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬ-
ɭʀ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɩʁ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ
ɇɛɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨɛ ɩɬɨɩɝɛ ³ ɠɦɠɧɠɨɭ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɺɥɣɤ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɾ ɞɠɩɧɠɭɫɣɲɨʀ ɝɦɛ-
ɬɭɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ³ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɣ ʀ ɯɩɫɧɮ ɟʀɦɺɨɩɥ ɢɛɤɨɺ-
ɭɣɰ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɛɧɣ ɝʀɟɬɭɛɨʀ ɧʀɡ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɧɣ ɪɮɨɥɭɛɧɣ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɣ
ɝʀɟ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɟɩ ʀɨɳɩɞɩ ɭɩɴɩ ɇɛɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨɛ ɩɬɨɩɝɛ ɥɛɫɭ ɝɥɦɹɲɛɾ ɭɛɥʀ ɬɥɦɛɟ-
ɨɣɥɣ ɛ

107. ɞɠɩɟɠɢɣɲɨɮ ɩɬɨɩɝɮ ɜ

108. ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜ ɝ

109. ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɮ ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀɹ
Ɋʀɟ ɞɠɩɟɠɢɣɲɨɩɹ ɩɬɨɩɝɩɹ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɹɭɷ ɭɮ ɞɠɩɧɠɭɫɣɲɨɮ ɯʀɞɮɫɮ ɟɮɡɠ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɮ
ɢɛ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɛɧɣ ʀ ɯɩɫɧɩɹ ɟɩ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɺɥɮ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɦɣ ɟɦɺ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɥɛɫɭ ɧɛɦ

110. ɂɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɟɦɺ ɥɛɫɭ ɺɥʀ ɩɰɩɪɦɹɹɭɷ ɟɮɡɠ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɬɝʀɭ ɮ ɱʀɦɩɧɮ ɩɥɫɠɧʀ
ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥɣ ɲɣ ɩɥɠɛɨɣ

111. ɞɠɩɟɠɢɣɲɨɩɹ ɩɬɨɩɝɩɹ ɬɦɮɞɮɾ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɛ ɥɮɦɺ ʀɢ ɫɛɟʀɮɬɩɧ
ɺɥɣɤ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɧɮ ɫɛɟʀɮɬɮ ɂɠɧɦʀ ³ ɥɧ ȿɦɺ ɪɩɜɮɟɩɝɣ ɭɩɲɨɣɰ ɥɛɫɭ
ɺɥʀ ɩɰɩɪɦɹɹɭɷ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɲɥʀ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɢɛ ɞɠɩɟɠɢɣɲɨɮ ɩɬɨɩɝɮ ɜɠɫɮɭɷ

112. ɌȿɆȺ Ƚɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɚ
ɠɦʀɪɬɩʁɟ ɩɜɠɫɭɛɨɨɺ ɢ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɧ ɫɛɟʀɮɬɩɧ ɟɠɴɩ
ɜʀɦɷɳɣɧ ɢɛ ɥɧ ɭɛ ɪɩɦɺɫɨɣɧ ³ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɣɧ ɟɩ
ɥɧ
ɇɛɬɳɭɛɜ ³ ɱɠ ɝʀɟɨɩɳɠɨɨɺ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɛɾ ɬɭɮ-
ɪʀɨɷ ɢɧɠɨɳɠɨɨɺ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩɧɮ
ɭɝɩɫʀ Ƚʀɨ ɝɣɫɛɡɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɟɫɩɜɩɧ ɲɣɬɠɦɷɨɣɥ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɟɩ-
ɫʀɝɨɹɾ ɩɟɣɨɣɱʀ ɛ ɢɨɛɧɠɨɨɣɥ ³ ɝɠɦɣɲɣɨɩɹ ɴɩ ɝɥɛ-
ɢɮɾ ɮ ɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɫɛɢʀɝ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɧɠɨɳɠɨɨɺ
ɂɧɠɨɳɠɨɮ ɟɩ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɮ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ ɪɫɛ-
ɝɣɦɷɨɩʁ ɥɮɦʀ ɲɣ ɠɦʀɪɬɩʁɟɛ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɩ ɟɛɦʀ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɢɣɭɣ
ɨɛ ɪɦɩɴɣɨʀ ȿɦɺ ɭɛɥɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɮ ɢɛɬɭɩɬɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɭɮ
ɲɣ ɭɮ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɮ ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀɹ ɧɛɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɬɪɩ-
ɬʀɜ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɪɦɩɴɣɨʀ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɮɦʀ

113. ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɹ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɪɫɩ-
ɠɥɱʀʁ ɝɬʀ ɭɩɲɥɣ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɭɩɲɨɩ
ɢɛ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɥɩɩɫɟɣɨɛɭɛɧɣ ɍɩɜɭɩ ɺɥɴɩ ɨɛ
ɜɮɟɷɺɥɣɰ ɟɝɩɰ ɲɣ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɥɛɫɭɛɰ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɢɛ ɩɰɩɪɦɠɨ-
ɨɺɧ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜɩɧ ɢɧʀɬɭɩɧ ɲɣ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺɧ
ɝɣɢɨɛɲɣɭɣ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɥɩɩɫɟɣɨɛɭɣ ɭɩɞɩ
ɬɛɧɩɞɩ ɥɩɨɥɫɠɭɨɩɞɩ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɛ ɭɩ ɴɩɫɛɢɮ ɝɩɨɣ ɜɮɟɮɭɷ
ɭɩɲɨɩ ɢɜʀɞɛɭɣɬɺ
ȿɩɬɺɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɭɩɲɨʀɬɭɷ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɭɩɲɩɥ ɢɛ ɞɠɩ-
ɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɥɩɩɫɟɣɨɛɭɛɧɣ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ
ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɥɛɫɭ ɨɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɨɛ ɪɦɩɴɣɨʀ ɢɛ ɪɠɝɨɣɧ
ɧɛɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɧ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɞɫɛɟɮɬɨɮ ɬʀɭɥɮ
ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɥɮɦʀ ɺɥɮ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨɷɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɧɠɨɳɠɨɩ ɟɩ ɢɛɟɛ-
ɨɩɞɩ ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜɮ ɧɛɦ

114. ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɝ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɨʀ ɥɦʀɭɣɨ-
ɥɣ ɞɩɭɩɝɩʁ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɬʀɭɥɣ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɢɛ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲ-
ɨɣɧɣ ɥɩɩɫɟɣɨɛɭɛɧɣ ɝɨɩɬɺɭɷ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭʀɝ
ɮɧɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺɧɣ
ɀɦɠɧɠɨɭɣ ɟɩɟɛɭɥɩɝɩʁ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɣ
ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɝɥɦɹɲɛɹɭɷ
ɛ

115. ɟɩɟɛɭɥɩɝʀ ɭɛɥ ɢɝɛɨʀ ©ɝɫʀɢɨʀª

116. ɥɛɫɭɣ ʀɢ ɢɩ
ɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺɧ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɲɣ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɺɝɣɴ
ɺɥʀ ɨɠ ɝɝʀɤɳɦɣ ɟɩ ɢɧʀɬɭɮ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩʁ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɜ

117. ɪɫɩɯʀɦʀ ɞɫɛɯʀɥɣ ʀ ɟʀɛɞɫɛɧɣ ɝ

118. ɯɩɭɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ
ɧɛɦɹɨɥɣ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɱɣɯɫɩɝʀ ɟɛɨʀ ʀ ɪɩɺɬɨɹɝɛɦɷɨʀ ɭɠɥɬɭɣ
ɉɬɨɛɴɠɨɨɺ ɥɛɫɭ ³ ɱɠ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɨɛɪɣɬɣ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭʀ ɺɥʀ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɪɩɦɠɞ
ɳɣɭɣ ɲɣɭɛɲɠɝʀ ɬɪɫɣɤɧɛɭɣ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀɹ ɺɥɴɩ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ
ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ȿɩ ɩɬɨɛɴɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɺɭɷ ɮɧɩɝɨʀ ɢɨɛɥɣ ³ ɦɠɞɠɨɟɮ ɥɛɫɭɣ
ɨɛɢɝɮ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɢɛɪɣɬ ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜɮ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɦʀɨʀɤ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲ
ɨɩʁ ɬʀɭɥɣ ʀ ɭɩɴɩ
Ɇɚɥ Ⱦɜɚ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɢ
ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɧɨɜɢ
Ɇɚɥ Ɂɦɟɧɲɟɧɚ
ɝɟɨɞɟɡɢɱɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɡ
ɝɪɚɞɭɫɧɨɸ ɫɿɬɤɨɸ ɹɤɚ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ

119. ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ Ƚɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɬɚ ɪɨɛɨɬɚ ɡ ɧɟɸ
Ʌɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀʁ
Ɋɩɜɮɟɩɝɛ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɬʀɭɥɣ ɧɩɡɠ ɜɮɭɣ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɠɨɛ ɟɝɩɧɛ ɫʀɢɨɣɧɣ ɬɪɩɬɩ-
ɜɛɧɣ ɪɠɫɬɪɠɥɭɣɝɨɣɧ ʀ ɨɠɪɠɫɬɪɠɥɭɣɝɨɣɧ Ɋɫɣ ɢɛɬɭɩɬɮɝɛɨɨʀ ɪɠɫɬɪɠɥɭɣɝɨɣɰ
ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀɤ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɮ ɬʀɭɥɮ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɹɭɷ ɪɫɩɠɥɭɮɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɝɮɢɦɩɝɣɰ ɭɩɲɩɥ ɭɩɲɩɥ
ɪɠɫɠɭɣɨɮ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦɠɤ ʀ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɛɨʀɝ

120. ɢ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɢɧɠɨɳɠɨɩʁ ɞɠɩɟɠɢɣɲɨɩʁ ɩɬɨɩɝɣ ʁʁ
ɫɠɛɦɷɨɣɧ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺɧ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝɝɛɡɛɭɣ ɞɦɩɜɮɬ ʀɢ ɨɛɨɠɬɠɨɩɹ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩɹ
ɬʀɭɥɩɹ

121. ɨɛ ɪɦɩɴɣɨɮ ɲɣ ɨɛ ʀɨɳɮ ɟɩɪɩɧʀɡɨɮ ɞɠɩɧɠɭɫɣɲɨɮ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ ɍɛɥɣɧɣ ɟɩ-
ɪɩɧʀɡɨɣɧɣ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɺɧɣ ɬɦɮɞɮɹɭɷ ɜʀɲɨʀ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ɥɩɨɮɬʀɝ ɲɣ ɱɣɦʀɨɟɫʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɪɩɭʀɧ
ɦɠɞɥɩ ɫɩɢɞɩɫɭɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɪɦɩɴɣɨʀ ɜɠɢ ɫɩɢɫɣɝʀɝ ʀ ɪɠɫɠɥɫɣɭɭʀɝ
Ɍɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɬʀɭɥɣ ɨɠɪɠɫɬɪɠɥɭɣɝɨɣɧ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɩɧ ɪɠɫɠɟɜɛɲɛɾ ɝɣ-
ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ ɝɮɢɦɩɝɣɰ ɭɩɲɩɥ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɬʀɭɥɣ ɨɛ ɪɦɩɴɣɨʀ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩ-
ɞɩɹ ɛɦɞɠɜɫɛʁɲɨɣɰ ɫɩɢɫɛɰɮɨɥʀɝ ɲɣ ɞɠɩɧɠɭɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɜɮɟɩɝ
ɂɛɦɠɡɨɩ ɝʀɟ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɪɠɝɨɣɰ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɟɩɪɩɧʀɡɨɣɰ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɩɨɷ ɲɣ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ
ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀɤ ɨɠɪɠɫɬɪɠɥɭɣɝɨɣɧ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɩɧ ɫɩɢɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷ ɪ·ɺɭɷ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɰ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛ-
ɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀɤ ɛ ɬɛɧɠ ɛɢɣɧɮɭɛɦɷɨʀ ɱɣɦʀɨɟɫɣɲɨʀ ɥɩɨʀɲɨʀ ɪɩɦʀɥɩɨʀɲɨʀ ɭɛ ɮɧɩɝɨʀ
Ȼɢɣɧɮɭɛɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɪɠɫɬɪɠɥɭɣɝɨɣɧɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɭɛɥʀ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀʁ
ɥɩɦɣ ɞɫɛɟɮɬɨɮ ɬʀɭɥɮ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɪɫɩɠɥɭɮɹɭɷ ɜɠɢɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩ ɨɛ ɪɦɩɴɣɨɮ ɚɥɴɩ ɱɺ ɪɦɩ-
ɴɣɨɛ ɟɩɭɣɲɨɛ ɟɩ ɪɩɦɹɬɛ ɭɩ ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀɹ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɛɢɣɧɮɭɛɦɷɨɩɹ ɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɩɹ ɛɜɩ
ɪɫɺɧɩɹ Ɉɛ ɥɛɫɭɛɰ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɨɣɰ ɮ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀɺɰ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɛɨɣ ɜɮɟɮɭɷ ɪɫɺɧɣɧɣ
ɫʀɝɨɩɜʀɡɨɣɧɣ ɦʀɨʀɺɧɣ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɦɹɬɛ ɛ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦʀ ɥɩɨɱɠɨɭɫɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɥɩ-
Ɇɚɥ ɉɨɫɥɿɞɨɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɢɯ ɫɿɬɨɤ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ
Ⱥɡɢɦɭɬɚɥɶɧɚ
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚ
ɩɪɹɦɚ

122. Ʉɨɧɿɱɧɚɩɪɨɟɤɰɿɹ
ɐɢɥɿɧɞɪɢɱɧɚ
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɩɪɹɦɚ

124. ɌȿɆȺ Ƚɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɚ
ɦɛɧɣ Ɏ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀɺɰ ɬɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷ ɥɛɫɭɣ Ȼɨɭɛɫɥɭɣɟɣ Ȼɫɥɭɣɥɣ ɚɥɴɩ ɪɫɣ ɬɭɝɩ-
ɫɠɨɨʀ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɬʀɭɥɣ ɪɦɩɴɣɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɟɩɭɣɲɨɛ ɟɩ ɭɩɲɥɣ ɪɩɦɹɬɛ ɭɩ ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀɹ
ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɛɢɣɧɮɭɛɦɷɨɩɹ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɲɨɩɹ Ƚɩɨɛ ɧɩɡɠ ɜɮɭɣ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɛ ɟɦɺ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨ-
ɨɺ ɥɛɫɭ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ʀ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɪʀɝɥɮɦɷ
Ɍɭɝɩɫɹɹɲɣ ɥɛɫɭɮ ɝ ɱɣɦʀɨɟɫɣɲɨʀɤ ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀʁ ɞɫɛɟɮɬɨɮ ɬʀɭɥɮ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɞɦɩɜɮɬɛ

125. ɪɠɫɠɨɩɬɺɭɷ ɨɛ ɜʀɲɨɮ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ ɮɺɝɨɩɞɩ ɱɣɦʀɨɟɫɛ ɑɣɦʀɨɟɫɣɲɨɮ ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀɹ ɝɣɥɩ-
ɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɟɦɺ ɪɩɜɮɟɩɝɣ ɥɛɫɭ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ɭɛ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɣɰ ɮ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ
ɜɦɣɢɷɥɣɰ ɟɩ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɩɹ ɩɢɨɛɥɩɹ ʁɰ ɾ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦʀ ɤ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɛɨɣ ɾ
ɝɢɛɾɧɩɪɠɫɪɠɨɟɣɥɮɦɺɫɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɺɧɣɧɣ ɦʀɨʀɺɧɣ
Ɏ ɥɩɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀɺɰ ɟɩɪɩɧʀɡɨɩɹ ɯʀɞɮ-
ɫɩɹ ɬɦɮɞɮɾ ɥɩɨɮɬ ɝʀɬɷ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɢɟɠɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɢɜʀ-
ɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɝʀɬɬɹ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ʁɰ ɭɠɡ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ
ɥɩɨʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀɺɧɣ ɑɠɤ
ɝɣɟ ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀɤ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɟɦɺ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ
ɧɛɭɠɫɣɥʀɝ ʀ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɣɰ ɮ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɳɣ-
ɫɩɭɛɰ ɍɩɧɮ ɪɫɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɝɬʀ ɥɛɫɭɣ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝɣ-
ɥɩɨɛɨʀ ɬɛɧɠ ɮ ɱɣɰ ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀɺɰ Ʌɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɮ
ɬʀɭɥɮ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɥɛɫɭ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɛɨɣ ɮ ɝɣɞɦɺ-
ɟʀ ɪɫɺɧɣɰ ɦʀɨʀɤ ɺɥʀ ɝɣɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɢ ɩɟɨʀɾʁ ɭɩɲɥɣ ɭɛ
ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦʀ ɴɩ ɾ ɟɮɞɛɧɣ ɥɩɨɱɠɨɭɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɥʀɦ
ɔɩɜ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɥɛɫɭɮ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɟɩɪɩɧʀɡɨɣɰ ɥɩɨɮɬʀɝ ʀ ɭɛɥɮ
ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀɹ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɪɩɦʀɥɩɨʀɲɨɩɹ Ɏ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɝ ɱʀɦʀɬɨʀɤ ɥɛɫɭʀ
ɯɫɛɞɧɠɨɭʀɝ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɬʀɭɥɣ ɺɥʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɬɪɫɩɠɥɭɩɝɛɨʀ ɨɛ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɥɩɨɮɬɣ ɧɠɫɣ-
ɟʀɛɨɣ ɜɮɟɮɭɷ ɟɮɞɩɪɩɟʀɜɨɣɧɣ ɦʀɨʀɺɧɣ ɛ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦʀ ³ ɟɮɞɛɧɣ ɨɠɥɩɨɱɠɨɭɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɥʀɦ
ɪɩɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɢ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɱɠɨɭɫʀɝ

126. Ɏɧɩɝɨʀ ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀʁ ɢɛ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɩɧ ɪɩɜɮɟɩɝɣ ɾ ɨɠɪɠɫɬɪɠɥɭɣɝɨɣɧɣ ʀ ɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɟɜɛɲɛ-
ɹɭɷ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɮɺɝɨɣɰ ɟɩɪɩɧʀɡɨɣɰ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɩɨɷ Ɍɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛ-
ɯʀɲɨɩʁ ɬʀɭɥɣ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɧɛɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɫɩɢɫɛɰɮɨɥʀɝ ɭɛ ɪɩɜɮɟɩɝ
Ƚɣɟɣ ɬɪɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɷ ɨɛ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɥɛɫɭɛɰ
ɉɟɨɛɥ ɡɩɟɨɛ ɢ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀɤ ɨɠ ɟɛɾ ɢɧɩɞɣ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɥɛɫɭɮ ɜɠɢ ɪɩɫɮ-
ɳɠɨɷ ɞɠɩɧɠɭɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥ ɟʀɦɺɨɩɥ ɢɠɧɨɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨʀ ʀ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɣɰ ɨɛ ɨɣɰ
ɩɜ·ɾɥɭʀɝ ɑʀ ɪɩɫɮɳɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɬɪɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺɧɣ ɋɩɢɫʀɢ-
ɨɺɹɭɷ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɝɣɟɣ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɬɪɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɷ ɟɩɝɡɣɨ ɦʀɨʀɤ ɥɮɭʀɝ ɯɩɫɧ ʀ ɪɦɩɴ
Ƚɣɺɝɣɭɣ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭʀ ɬɪɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɟɩɝɡɣɨ ɦʀɨʀɤ ɮɢɟɩɝɡ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɛɨʀɝ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɪɩ-
ɫʀɝɨɺɝɳɣ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɥɣ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɛɨʀɝ ɧʀɡ ɟɝɩɧɛ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀɧɣ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦɺɧɣ ɮ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀɤ
ʀ ɩɥɫɛʁɨɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɰ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɚɥɴɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɭɩ ɱɠ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɾ ɴɩ ɮ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɛɰ
ɥɛɫɭɣ ɾ ɫʀɢɨɣɤ ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜ ɛ ɩɭɡɠ ɨɛɺɝɨʀ ɬɪɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɟɩɝɡɣɨ ɦʀɨʀɤ Ɋɫɩ ɨɛɺɝɨʀɬɭɷ
ɬɪɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɬɭɛɨɠɤ ɮɢɟɩɝɡ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦɠɤ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɟʀɢɨɛɭɣɬɺ ɢɛ ɟɩɝɡɣɨɛɧɣ ɝʀɟɫʀɢ-
ɥʀɝ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ʀ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦʀ ƒ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɲɣ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ ɳɣɫɩɭɣ ɧʀɡ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀɧɣ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɛ-
ɨɛɧɣ Ƚʀɟɫʀɢɩɥ ɠɥɝɛɭɩɫɛ ɧɛɾ ɜɮɭɣ ɫʀɝɨɩ ɝɟɝʀɲʀ ɜʀɦɷɳɣɤ ɨʀɡ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɩɥ ɩɟɨʀɾʁ ɪɛɫɛɦɠ-
Ɇɚɥ Ɉɞɧɚ ɡ ɭɦɨɜɧɢɯ
ɩɪɨɟɤɰɿɣ ɹɤɭ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɸɬɶ
ɩɫɟɜɞɨɰɢɥɿɧɞɪɢɱɧɨɸ

127. ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ Ƚɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɬɚ ɪɨɛɨɬɚ ɡ ɧɟɸ
ɦɠɤ ƒ ɳɣɫɩɭɣ ɚɥɴɩ ɱɠ ɬɪʀɝɝʀɟɨɩɳɠɨɨɺ
ʀɨɳɠ ɭɩ ɩɟɨɩɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭʀ ʀɬɨɮɹɭɷ
ɬɪɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɟɩɝɡɣɨ ɦʀɨʀɤ ɢɛ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɩɧ
ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦɠɤ
Ɋɫɩ ɬɪɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɥɮɭʀɝ ɺɥɠ ɾ ɰɛɫɛɥ-
ɭɠɫɨɣɧ ɟɦɺ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɥɛɫɭ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɢɫɩ-
ɜɣɭɣ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɩɥ ɮ ɭɩɧɮ ɫɛɢʀ ɥɩɦɣ ɪɛɫɛɦɠ-
ɦʀ ɤ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɛɨɣ ɨɠ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷ ɧʀɡ ɬɩɜɩɹ
ɪɫɺɧɣɰ ɥɮɭʀɝ ɨɛ ɞɦɩɜɮɬʀ ɱʀ ɥɮɭɣ ɪɫɺɧʀ

128. ɋɩɢɫʀɢɨɣɭɣ ɬɪɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɯɩɫɧ ɧɩɡ-
ɨɛ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɝɳɣ ɟɩɝɡɣɨɮ ʀ ɳɣɫɣɨɮ ɺɥɩ-
ɞɩɬɷ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɛ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭʀ
ʀ ɞɦɩɜɮɬʀ ɚɥɴɩ ɬɪʀɝɝʀɟɨɩɳɠɨɨɺ ɝ ɩɜɩɰ ɝɣ-
ɪɛɟɥɛɰ ɫʀɝɨʀ ɭɩ ɬɪɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɷ ɯɩɫɧ ɨɠɧɛɾ
ɔɠ ɪɫɩɬɭʀɳɠ ɱɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɨɮɝɳɣ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɥɦʀɭɣɨɩɥ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɩʁ
ɬʀɭɥɣ ɨɛ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀɤ ɥɛɫɭʀ ɚɥɴɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɛ ɝɬʀɰ ɳɣɫɩɭɛɰ ɩɥɫʀɧ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ ɪɩɦɹɬɛ

129. ɨɠ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɫʀɝɨɩɜʀɲɨɣɰ ɭɫɛɪɠɱʀɤ ɺɥ ɨɛ ɞɦɩɜɮɬʀ ɭɩ ɨɛɺɝɨʀ ɬɪɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɯɩɫɧ
ɚɥɴɩ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɟɝɩɰ ɥɦʀɭɣɨɩɥ ɧʀɡ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀɧɣ ɪɛɫɛɦɠɦɺɧɣ ɮ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀɤ ʀ ɩɥɫɛ-
ʁɨɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɰ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɫʀɝɨʀ ɰɩɲ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɫʀɢɨɮ ɯɩɫɧɮ ɭɩ ɢ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ
ɪɫɣɪɮɴɠɨɨɺ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɱʀɤ ɥɛɫɭʀ ɝʀɟɬɮɭɨʀ ɬɪɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɪɦɩɴ
Ɉɛ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɟɫʀɜɨɩɧɛɬɳɭɛɜɨɣɰ ɥɛɫɭ ɾ ɩɟɨɩɲɛɬɨɩ ɝɬʀ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɝɣɟɣ ɬɪɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɷ
ɉɟɨɛɥ ɾ ɭɛɥʀ ɝɣɟɣ ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀɤ ɺɥʀ ɟɛɹɭɷ ɢɧɩɞɮ ɮɨɣɥɨɮɭɣ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɢ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɬɪɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɷ
ɛɦɠ ɭɩɟʀ ɭɫɣ ʀɨɳʀ ɝɣɟɣ ɬɪɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɷ ɾ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɧɣ ɍɩɧɮ ɢɛ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɩɧ ɬɪɩ-
ɭɝɩɫɠɨɷ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀʁ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɫʀɝɨɩ
ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɫʀɝɨɩɥɮɭɨʀ ɭɛ ɟɩɝʀɦɷɨʀ
Ɏ ɫʀɝɨɩɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀɺɰ ɬɪɩɭɝɩɫɹɹɭɷɬɺ
ɟɩɝɡɣɨɣ ɦʀɨʀɤ ɥɮɭɣ ʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɛɦɠ ɝɠɦɣɲɣɨɣ ɪɦɩɴ
ɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɮ ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜʀ Ɉɛ ɭɛɥɣɰ
ɥɛɫɭɛɰ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭʀɝ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛ-
ɭɣ ʀ ɪɩɧɨɩɡɣɝɳɣ ɨɛ ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɭɣ ɫɠɛɦɷɨɮ
ɪɦɩɴɮ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɨʀɤ ɥɮɦʀ
ɋʀɝɨɩɥɮɭɨʀ ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀʁ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɹɭɷ ɜɠɢ ɬɪɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɷ
ɥɮɭɣ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥʀɝ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɟɮɡɠ ɧɛɦɣɰ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭʀɝ
Ɍɪɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɟɩɝɡɣɨ ɦʀɨʀɤ ʀ ɪɦɩɴ ɨɛ ɱɣɰ ɥɛɫɭɛɰ
ɟɮɡɠ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ Ʌɛɫɭɣ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɨʀ ɮ ɫʀɝɨɩɥɮɭɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɠɥ-
ɱʀɺɰ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɟɦɺ ɪɫɩɥɦɛɟɛɨɨɺ ɧɛɫɳɫɮɭʀɝ
ɬɮɟɠɨ ɦʀɭɛɥʀɝ ɭɩɴɩ
ȿɩɝʀɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀʁ ɢʀ
ɬɪɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺɧɣ ɝɬʀɰ ɲɩɭɣɫɷɩɰ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɝɠɦɣɲɣɨɛ
ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɬɪɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɷ ɨɠ ɭɛɥ ɝɠɦɣɥɛ ɺ ɮ ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀɺɰ
ɟɝɩɰ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɞɫɮɪ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɟɩɝʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɥɛɫɭɩɞɫɛɯʀɲ-
Ɇɚɥ ɐɢɥɿɧɞɪɢɱɧɚ ɪɿɜɧɨɤɭɬɧɚ
ɩɪɨɟɤɰɿɹ Ɇɟɪɤɚɬɨɪɚ
Ɇɚɥ Ɍɪɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿ
ɫɿɬɤɢ ɤɚɪɬ ɹɤɿ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɿ
ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɦɭ
ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɿ ɚɥɟ ɭ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ
ɩɪɨɟɤɰɿɹɯ

130. ɌȿɆȺ Ƚɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɚ
ɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɠɥɱʀɤ ɝɣɩɥɫɠɧɦɹɹɭɷ ɪʀɟɞɫɮɪɮ ɫʀɝɨɩɪɫɩɧʀɡɨɣɰ ɮ ɺɥɣɰ ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜ ɟɩɝɡɣɨ
ɮɢɟɩɝɡ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɢ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɰ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥʀɝ ɨɛɤɲɛɬɭʀɳɠ ɢɛ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɩɧ ɧɠɫɣɟʀɛɨʀɝ ɛɜɩ ɪɛ-
ɫɛɦɠɦɠɤ

131. ɢɛɦɣɳɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɠɢɧʀɨɨɣɧ ʀ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜɮ ɴɩ ɝɥɛɢɛɨɣɤ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭʀ
G Ɉɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜɲɢ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮ ɞɚɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɣ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ
1. ɇɚɜɟɞɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɭ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɢɯ ɬɜɨɪɚɯ
2. Ɉɞɧɚ ɡ ɤɚɪɬ Ȼɨɩɥɚɧɚ ɹɤɚ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɭɽ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɸ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨʀ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɦɚɽ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ
ɇɚɝɚɞɚɽɦɨ ɳɨ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɢɣ ʀʀ ɪɨɡɦɿɪ ɯ ɫɦ ɇɚɜɟɞɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ
ɛɿɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɿ ɦɟɧɲɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɿɜ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɨ ɡ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɦ ɤɚɪɬɢ Ȼɨɩɥɚɧɚ əɤ ɡɚ
ɪɨɡɦɿɪɚɦɢ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɥɢɫɹ ɛ ɤɚɪɬɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɿ ɭ ɰɢɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯ
3. ɇɚɡɜɢ ɧɚɣɜɿɞɨɦɿɲɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɿ ɚɬɥɚɫɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɬɚ ɪɨɤɢ ɤɨɥɢ ɜɨɧɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɜɢɞɚɧɿ
4. ɇɚɡɜɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɢ ɬɚ ɫɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣ ɳɨ ɩɿɞ ɤɨɠɧɢɦ
ɡ ɧɢɯ ɪɨɡɭɦɿɸɬɶ
5. əɤ ɩɨɞɿɥɹɸɬɶ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɿʀ ɡɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɨʀ
ɫɿɬɤɢ ɤɚɪɬɢ
6. əɤ ɩɨɞɿɥɹɸɬɶ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɿʀ ɡɚ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɩɨɦɿɠɧɨʀ ɩɨ
ɜɟɪɯɧɿ
7. əɤɿ ɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɫɩɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɚɯ ɿ ɹɤ ʀɯ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɪɨɡɩɿɡɧɚɬɢ
8. əɤɿ ɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɤɚɪɬɢ ɡɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ ɫɩɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɶ
† Ɍɪɩɬɩɜɣ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ
ɩɜ·ɾɥɭʀɝ ɭɛ ɺɝɣɴ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭɛɰ
B ɉɪɢɝɚɞɚɣ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɨɝɚɞɚɣɫɹ
ɇɚɡɜɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜɿ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɥɚɧɭ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞ ɞɪɿɛɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨʀ ɤɚɪɬɢ
Ɂɚ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɨɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɭɸɬɶ ɤɚɪɬɢ
əɤɿ ɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɤɚɪɬɢ ɡɚ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɦ
əɤ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɭɸɬɶ ɤɚɪɬɢ ɡɚ ɡɦɿɫɬɨɦ
ɑɢɦ ɪɿɡɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿ ɿ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɤɚɪɬɢ
Ƚɣɟɣ ɮɧɩɝɨɣɰ ɢɨɛɥʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭɛɰ
Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɛɠɫɩɯɩɭɩɢɨʀɧɥʀɝ ɭɛɜɦɣɱɷ ɧɛɥɠɭʀɝ ɭɛ ʀɨ-
ɳɣɰ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɧɩɟɠɦɠɤ ɺɥʀ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɢɠɧɨɮ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ʀ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ
ɠɦɠɧɠɨɭɣ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɮɧɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɢɨɛɥɛɧɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɟɛɹɭɷ ɮɺɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ
ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭ ɺɝɣɴɠ ɪɫɩɱɠɬ ʁɰ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɺɥʀɬɨʀ ɭɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɨʀ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɣ

132. ɊɈɁȾȱɅ ȱ Ƚɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɬɚ ɪɨɛɨɬɚ ɡ ɧɟɸ
Ɉɛ ɥɛɫɭɛɰ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɢɛ ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜɛɧɣ ɩɰɩɪɦɠɨɨɺɧ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɲɣ
ɢɧʀɬɭɩɧ ɮɧɩɝɨʀ ɢɨɛɥɣ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɩ ɝʀɟ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɩɝɩʁ ɪɫɩɭɺɡɨɩɬɭʀ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɨɣɧɣ
ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɟɮɬʀɧ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɺɭɷ ɟɩ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɥɩɨɭɮɫɨʀ ɦʀɨʀɤɨʀ ɭɛ ɪɩɢɛ-
ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜɨʀ ɍʀ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɣ ɺɥɣɰ ɝɣɫɛɡɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɮ ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜʀ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɹɭɷɬɺ
ɥɩɨɭɮɫɨɣɧɣ ɛɜɩ ɪɦɩɴɛɟɨɣɧɣ ɮɧɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɢɨɛɥɛɧɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɥɩɨɭɮɫɮ
ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɦʀɬɮ ɲɣ ɜɩɦɩɭɛ

133. ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɛɪɩɝɨɠɨɨɺ ɥɩɦʀɫ ɳɭɫɣɰɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɭɩɴɩ

134. ɉɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɩʁ ɪɫɩɭɺɡɨɩɬɭʀ ɛɦɠ ɧɛɦɩʁ ɳɣɫɣɨɣ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɟɩɫɩɞɣ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɣ

135. ɪɩ-
ɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷ ɦʀɨʀɤɨɣɧɣ ɮɧɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɢɨɛɥɛɧɣ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ʁɰ ɟɩɝɡɣɨɛ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɛ ɝ ɧɛɬɳ-
ɭɛɜʀ ɛ ɳɣɫɣɨɛ ³ ɟɩɝʀɦɷɨɛ
Ɋɫɣɥɦɛɟɣ ɮɧɩɝɨɣɰ ɢɨɛɥʀɝ
Çíàêè Ïîçàìàñøòàáí³ Ë³í³éí³ Êîíòóðí³
²ìåíî-
âàí³
Øàõòè
öóêð. Ïðîìèñëîâ³
ï³äïðèºìñòâà
г÷êè òà ñòðóìêè
Ë³í³¿ çâ’ÿçêó
Ñîëÿí³
ðîçðîáêè
Òîðôîðîçðîáêè
Ïî-
ðÿä-
êîâ³
Ãîëîâí³ ïåðåâàëè
Ïåðåâàëè
Êîðäîíè äåðæàâ
Êîðäîíè îáëà-
ñòåé
Ñîëîí÷àêè
íåïðîõ³äí³
Ñîëîí÷àêè
ïðîõ³äí³
ʳëü-
ê³ñí³
Íàñåëåí³ ïóíêòè:
Ïîíàä 1 ìëí æèòåë³â
³ä 100 òèñ. äî 1 ìëí
æèòåë³â
Ìåíøå 100 òèñ. æè-
òåë³â
Êàíàëè øèðèíîþ
â³ä 10 äî 15 ìåòð³â
Êàíàëè øèðèíîþ
â³ä 3 äî 10 ìåòð³â
Øêàëà ãëèáèí ó ìåòðàõ
Ɋɩɢɛɧɛɬɳɭɛɜɨʀ ɮɧɩɝɨʀ ɢɨɛɥɣ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɟɦɺ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭʀɝ ɺɥʀ
ɲɠɫɠɢ ɟɮɡɠ ɧɛɦʀ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɣ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɢɣɭɣ ɮ ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜʀ ɥɛɫɭɣ Ɉɣɧɣ ɪɩɥɛɢɮ-
ɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɟɫʀɜɨɩɧɛɬɳɭɛɜɨɣɰ ɥɛɫɭɛɰ ɫɩɟɩɝɣɴɛ ɥɩɫɣɬɨɣɰ ɥɩɪɛɦɣɨ ɠɦɠɥɭɫɩɬɭɛɨɱʀʁ
ɧʀɬɭɛ Ɉɛ ɝɣɞɦɺɟ ɝɩɨɣ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɜɮɭɣ ɞɠɩɧɠɭɫɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɯʀɞɮɫɛɧɣ ɬɰɠɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɧɛ-
ɦɹɨɥɛɧɣ ɜɮɥɝɠɨɣɧɣ ɬɣɧɝɩɦɛɧɣ
Ʌɫʀɧ ɪɠɫɠɦʀɲɠɨɣɰ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɮɧɩɝɨɣɰ ɢɨɛɥʀɝ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭɛɰ ɾ ɴɠ ɪɩɺɬɨɹɝɛɦɷɨʀ
ɢɨɛɥɣ ɬɭɫʀɦɥɣ ɴɩ ɪɩɥɛɢɮɹɭɷ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɣ ɭɠɲʀʁ ɫʀɲɩɥ