Chartered Accountant & Yoga

Chartered Accountant &
Yoga
by
CA Saurabh Wagle

1
Index
Sr. no. Content Page no.
1 What is a Chartered Accountant 2 – 3
2 The journey of Accounting profession 4 – 6
3 The Changing face of the Accountancy
Profession
7 – 12
4 The Nature of work 13 – 15
5 Chartered Accountants & Stress?? 16 – 22
6 Yoga – an art of life 23 – 26
7 Understanding Ashtanga Yoga 27 – 32
8 Yogic practices for Chartered Accountants 33 – 44
9 Chartered Accountants sharing experience
of Yoga Sadhana
45 – 48
10 Conclusion 49
11 Bibliography 50
12 Personal information 51 – 52
13 Acknowledgement 53

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What is a Chartered Accountant
Chartered Accountant (CA) is considered as a Financial Doctor of the society. The profession
of Chartered Accountant is based on 3 services, namely – Accounting, Taxation & Auditing.
Over the years the canvass of services provided by Chartered Accountants has increased.
Expectations from Chartered Accountant have moved from a business supporter to a complete
business solution. While addressing CA day on 1st
July, 2017 Hon. Prime Minister Narendra
Modi aptly quoted that “Chartered Accountants are trustworthy ambassadors of economic
world.”
In India, Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) is the only licensing cum regulating
body of the financial audit and accountancy profession, set up under a law of parliament to
regulate, direct, monitor CA profession in India. The Institute, functions under the
administrative control of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India. The ICAI is
the second largest professional body of Chartered Accountants in the world, with a strong
tradition of service to the Indian economy in public interest. Because of active participation in
formulation economic legislation, ICAI has been designated by Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam as a
"Partner in Nation Building". Over a period of time, the ICAI has achieved recognition as a
premier accountancy body not only in the country but also globally, for maintaining highest
standards in technical, ethical areas and for sustaining stringent examination and education
standards.
Ever since its inception in 1949, ICAI has been continuing with its glorious ongoing journey
of professional excellence, progress and service to the nation. Consequently, the Indian
accountancy profession today stands high in the professional order of the country and is well
trusted by the society, the Government, the Indian polity and policy makers alike. Further, over

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the years, the ICAI and Indian accountancy profession have also transcended the national
borders and have been able to carve a distinct niche in global accounting arena as well. And
this importance and high potential of the ICAI and the Indian accountancy profession in the
nation’s social and economic well-being has been duly acknowledged and commended by not
only the founding fathers of the nation but also by succeeding leaders of Indian polity. The
trend even continues to this day.

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The journey of Accounting profession
Accountancy is the process of communicating financial information about a business entity to
users such as shareholders and other stakeholders. But irrespective of the modern
understanding, accounting has existed in its varied forms for thousands of years now.
Accounting may be called the language of business. Many well-known accounting terms are
derived from Latin. The word ‘debit’ means ‘he owes’ in Latin, while ‘credit’ means ‘he trusts’.
The word ‘accountant’ is derived from the Latin ‘computare’, which means ‘count’.
The earliest accounting records, which date back to more than 7,000 years, were found in
Mesopotamia (Assyrians). The people of that time relied on primitive accounting methods to
record the growth of crops and herds. Accounting evolved, improving over the years and
advancing as business advanced. Early accounts served mainly to assist the Emory of the
businessperson and the audience for the account was the proprietor or record keeper alone. In
that sense, accountancy profession has existed in India in different forms for ages even during
the times of the Vedas, Sutras and the Upanishads. In fact, in Hindu mythology Lord
Chitragupta is revered as Lord Yamaraja’s chief accountant and minister who keeps complete
record of deeds of human beings from their birth to death.
Sufficient evidence exists to lead one to conclude that the art and practice of accounting, as a
highly developed system, was in vogue in India even during the times of the Vedas, Sutras and
the Upanishads. The discussions in the Vedas about matters like the system of land tenure,
currency, trade, various occupations as well as the general social and economic conditions in
those times are indicative of the existence of a highly developed system of record keeping. Sale
appears to have regularly consisted in barter in Rig Veda; 10 cows are regarded as a possible
price for an image of Indra to be used as a fetish. The haggling of the market was already
familiar in the days of the Rig Veda, and a characteristic hymn of the Atharvaveda, is directed
to procuring success in trade. Price was referred to as a Vasna and the Merchant, Vanij. An
arithmetical progression of some interest is found in the Panchavimsa Brahmana, where occurs
a ‘list of sacrificial gifts’ in which each successive figure doubles the amount of the preceding
one. Vikraya is found in the Atharvaveda and the Nirukta denoting ‘sale’. Sulka in the Rig
Veda clearly means ‘price’. In the Dharma Sutras it denotes a ‘tax’. Rna, meaning debt, is
repeatedly mentioned from the time of the Rig Veda onwards having apparently been a normal
condition among the Vedic Indians. Reference is often made to debts contracted at dicing. To
pay off a debt was Rnam Samni. Allusion is made to debit contracted without intention of
payment. The trade and industry of the period were characterised by a highly developed
organisation and the institution was called ‘Sreni’. It was a corporation of men following the
same trade, art, or craft and resembled the guilds of medieval Europe. A keen business instinct
characterised the society and trade, commerce and industry flourished in ancient India to a very
large degree. This extensive scale of trading operations could not have been carried on without
systematic record keeping. Indeed, archaeologists have found abundant remains of the ancient
commercial records, but the historians have seldom indicated any interest in these embryonic
accounting records. These, no doubt, do not much resemble modern accounting records, but

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they constitute evidence that commercial record keeping enjoyed its infancy in such a
civilisation.
In Arthaśāstra, written around 4th
Century BC by Viṣṇugupta, also known as Kauṭilya or
Chāṇakya, 3 chapters provide an encompassing account on accounting, and deal with some
vital concepts in accounting including expenditure and profit, checks and balances, and audit
practices. Sources like Ṛigveda (circa 1500 BC), Vedic Saṃhitās (1500-1000 BC), Upniṣadas
(1000-500 BC) Manusmṛti (200 BC-200 AD), Pāṇinī (5th Century BC), Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa
(C. 400-300 BC), Arthaśāstra (4th century BC), Jātakas (2nd Century BC) and Qur‘ān (633-
653 AD) provide significant insight into the accounting practices in those days and, therefore,
help in tracing the process of their evolution in ancient India.
Debunking Pacioli wrote the first best-seller that covered double-entry bookkeeping. His book
titled Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria, Proportioniet Proportionalita (Everything About
Arithmetic, Geometry and Proportion) was published in Venice on 10th
November, 1494 the
day which is also celebrated as “International Accounting Day” in many parts of the world.
This was the first printed essay on double-entry bookkeeping called "Method of Venice"- and
was direct base of some widespread works on mercantile accounting. Although double-entry
bookkeeping had been around for centuries, Pacioli’s 27-page treatise on the subject has earned
him the title “The Father of Modern Accounting.” The system he published included most of
the accounting cycle as we know it today. Pacioli has an important place in accounting history
for writing the book that publicised double-entry bookkeeping in Europe which, most likely,
led to it forming the basis of contemporary accounting.
Modern Accounting is a product of centuries of thought, custom, habit, action and convention.
The modern accounting profession in India dates back to British Raj. During the period prior
to 1913 the shareholders of companies in India were usually a class with considerable resources
and familiar with business. The Government, observing the changing conditions and the
increasing industrial and commercial activities in which public interest was also increasing,
decided to introduce new provisions mainly with a view to safeguarding public interest by The
Companies Act, 1913. The said statute replaced the Indian Companies Act of 1882. The
Companies Act, 1913 passed in pre-independent India prescribed various books which had to
be maintained by a Company registered under that Act. It also required the appointment of a
formal Auditor with prescribed qualifications to audit such records. In order to act as an auditor
a person had to acquire a restricted certificate from the local government upon such conditions
as may be prescribed. The holder of a restricted certificate was allowed to practice only within
the province of issue and in the language specified in the restricted certificate. In 1918 a course
called Government Diploma in Accountancy was launched in Mumbai. In the year 1930, it was
decided that the Government of India should maintain a register called the Register of
Accountants. Any person whose name was entered in such register was called a Registered
Accountant. Later on, a board called the Indian Accountancy Board was established to advise
the Governor General of India on accountancy and the qualifications for auditors.
After independence, it was felt that the accountancy profession was largely unregulated, and
this caused lots of confusion as regards the qualifications of auditors. Hence in the year 1948,

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an expert committee was created to look into the matter. This expert committee recommended
that a separate autonomous association of accountants should be formed to regulate the
profession. The Government of India accepted the recommendation and passed the Chartered
Accountants Act in 1949 even before India became a republic. Under section 3 of the said Act,
ICAI is established as a body corporate with perpetual succession and a common seal. When
the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 came into force on 1st
July, 1949, the term Chartered
Accountant superseded the title of Registered Accountant. This day is celebrated as Chartered
Accountants day every year. The present shape of accountancy profession in India is the result
of assiduous and meticulous efforts of the ICAI, its leaders and mentors over the years. Indian
accountancy profession’s journey is replete with many interesting information which are
adding on year after year.
Members of ICAI are known as Chartered Accountants. Becoming a member requires passing
the prescribed examinations, three years of practical training (known as articleship) and
meeting other requirements under the Act and Regulations. A member of ICAI can use the title
CA before his/her name. Any member wanting to engage in public practice has to first apply
for and obtain a Certificate of Practice from the Council of ICAI.
Any person who is granted membership of the Institute becomes an Associate Chartered
Accountant and is entitled to use the letters ACA after his name. Generally, associates are
members of the Institute with less than 5 years of membership after which they become entitled
to apply for being a fellow member. An associate member who has been in continuous practice
in India or has worked for a commercial or government organisation for at least five years and
meets other conditions as prescribed can apply to the Institute to get designated as a "Fellow".
A fellow Chartered Accountant is entitled to use the letters FCA after his name.
 Key statistics (As on 1st
April,2017)
Fellows Associates Total members
In full time Practice 70,352 48,446 1,18,798
In part time Practice 2,805 5,289 8,094
Not in Practice 13,482 1,28,976 1,42,458
86,639 1,82,711 2,69,350

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The Changing face of the Accountancy Profession
It is estimated that the global profession contributes USD $ 575 billion annually to the global
economy, and shows the opportunity to further strengthen the profession as a unified voice.
The centuries-old accounting profession has come a long way from manual bookkeeping to
present day artificial intelligence (AI) that is changing the day-to-day structure of how we
work, both as accountants and across other professional services industries. Despite concerns
about how emerging technologies will impact accounting professionals, the role of the
profession has always remained consistent. By embracing the technology to work smarter and
more efficiently, the profession can provide deeper insight to its clients while simultaneously
helping them understand the rapidly approaching new normal for business operations. The
profession is preparing for the increasing sophistication of technology like AI, and emerging
technologies in fields like blockchain and data extraction. For example, IBM estimates there
are 300 million pages of regulation that exist in the world today. The accountancy profession,
which must continually understand the ever-changing global regulatory landscape, could use
AI to sift that data for relevant information to help its clients navigate a range of landscapes,
including taxation and more. With a growing trend toward protectionism and nationalism in
some major economies, professional accountants are increasingly seen as well-positioned
strategic advisers, able to help businesses and organizations navigate a volatile business
environment and uncertain regulatory terrain. Technology will go on helping to burnish the
profession’s credentials as a trusted adviser.
Globalisation has had a positive impact and opened new avenues for the country to establish
its distinctive position in the knowledge world. The accelerated economic growth within the
country has also increased the demand for skilled and competent human resource. The global
accountancy profession has been particularly conscious of this need and has been working
towards integration of knowledge and skills to develop competent chartered accountants to
keep pace with the growing demands of the knowledge economy. Chartered Accountancy is a
challenging career at the cutting edge of trade, industry and economic growth. The best way
for a chartered accountant to leverage knowledge economy is to imbibe its traits - innovation,
dynamism and change management being the most significant. It is also critical for them to
keep a tab on the technological developments. Finally, they should be able to "MAP the GAP"
by integrating their knowledge with the requisite professional skills and values to evolve as
competent chartered accountants. No wonder that the Chartered Accountancy is a high status
profession and a passport to challenging and rewarding career in industry and commerce.
Chartered Accountants possess abilities necessary for deciding and acting upon the high-
pressure situations. Chartered Accountancy is a profession that imparts the best of technical
skills in accounting, auditing, taxation, financial and management areas. Chartered
Accountants today, have occupied top management positions in public as well as private
sectors. They also render professional and consultancy/advisory services in the areas of
financial reporting and auditing, taxation, finance, and management accounting.

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The society has increasingly recognized the services of CAs in entire gamut of financial
reporting and management consultancy including management accounting, management
information and control systems, international finance, information technology and financial
services sector. CAs today are part of the top management team and hold key positions in the
corporate sector. Even in the government, they occupy prominent positions. Rapid changes
taking place in the economy have further opened up new vistas of opportunities for the
Chartered Accountants.
Today, the Indian Chartered Accountancy qualification is well recognised in many countries
as Indian CAs are taking up attractive global careers. Indian CAs are highly sought because of
their skill sets and high quality of education. The opportunities are simply ever increasing.
Today, huge opportunities are available for professionals with specialized knowledge and skills
sought by global organizations. These include areas of globally accepted financial reporting,
national and international taxation, finance and corporate law. The knowledge of local laws
and regulations, of course, places Chartered Accountants in a stronger position to supply
services to global organizations entering the Indian Market. The emerging CAs would be able
to help industry and small businesses in understanding the nuances and the compliances under
the new regime thereby facilitating ease of doing business. CAs would now be able to play a
significant role in helping businesses avert risks thereby facilitating the businesses to contribute
towards make in India and nation building.
An important phenomenon of recent times is the rapid growth of the accountancy profession.
The vast changes occurring in the economy of the country have been placing great
responsibilities on the Chartered Accountants. It also constitutes a challenge to the profession
to bring to bear their knowledge and skill in their specialised fields of activity. The types of
functions generally performed by the Chartered Accountant are varied. The more important
ones amongst them are discussed below:
 Independent Professional Practice
CA has been entrusted with substantial responsibility under various legislations such
as compulsory audit of the accounts of all companies, banks, cooperative societies,
stock brokers, big income-tax assessees, large bank borrowers, etc. While practicing
as an independent professional, a CA also acts as a business advisor by providing all
kinds of services including the preparation of financial reports, helping the business to
secure loans, preparing financial projections showing how the loans will be repaid, and
determining the viability of business. As a tax advisor, CA helps business and
individuals to comply with tax laws and represent his clients before government
agencies.
 Industry/Government Service
A Chartered Accountant may prefer to join an industry or government organization
and hold responsible positions. Chartered Accountants are responsible for developing,
analysing and reporting on information needed for business decisions. They also

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evaluate the financial effects of management's actions. A Chartered Accountant may
also take up the job of an educator at a university / college level. Many Chartered
Accountants hold responsible positions in business or industrial firms as CEOs,
Managing Directors, Director (Finance) and Chief Accountants.
 Global Accountant
Knowledge of IndAS / IFRSs will benefit the Chartered Accountants in a way that they
will be able to cater their services as experts in the area of financial reporting in
different parts of the world. They would be able to scan the financial statements of
multi-nationals and avert probable frauds.
 Audit
Appointment of Chartered Accountants as auditors is mandatory under the Companies
Act, 2013, therefore, knowledge gained in auditing subject would be helpful to him
while conducting statutory audit of Companies for example listed Companies, Private
Ltd. Companies, Government Companies, Banks, etc. Moreover, Internal Audit is also
made obligatory for certain class of Companies. Under Income Tax Act 1961, Tax
Audit is also statutorily required to be conducted by Chartered Accountants. Also,
certain entities like Political Parties, Co-operative Societies, and Non-Profit
Organizations are also required to get their accounts audited by Chartered Accountants
which would definitely require deep knowledge in auditing.
 Cost Accountancy
A Chartered Accountant is trained to ascertain the costs of production and of processes
at different levels of operations in the manufacture of a product and in the rendering of
a service. He is also equipped to provide costing information for the guidance of
management, introduce cost control methods and assist the management in establishing
appropriate selling prices.
 Investigation
Chartered Accountants are often called upon to carry out investigation to ascertain the
financial position of business in connection with matters such as a new issue of share
capital, the purchase or sale or financing of a business, reconstruction and
amalgamations. Their services are also sought for undertaking investigations with a
view to achieving greater efficiency in management or administration, finding out
reasons for increases or decreases in profits etc.

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 Companies Secretarial Work
In a well organised company or group of companies, the Secretary is a man with a
professional qualification (often a Chartered Accountant) who, in addition to his
multifarious other duties, is an important link in the management chain. The continued
growth of limited companies enables the professional accountants to offer secretarial
services to small companies, many of which are being virtually run by a few
individuals who are unable to afford a full-time secretary.
 Direct Taxes
Under Income Tax Act 1961, Tax Audit is required to be conducted by Chartered
Accountants. Special audit, directed by the Assessing Officer owing to nature and
complexity of accounts, volume of accounts, doubts about the correctness of the
accounts, multiplicity of transactions in the accounts and interest of revenue, is another
important responsibility entrusted. In addition to audit, there are certain provisions
under the Income-tax Act, 1961 which require certification by a
Chartered Accountant. In addition, CAs also render advisory and compliance services
in the field of direct taxes.
 Goods and Services Tax (GST)
GST has opened up plethora of professional opportunities for the Chartered
Accountants in practice as well as in industry. CAs can help in undertaking impact
analysis of GST for various industries, manufacturers, traders, service providers etc.
Services of CAs would be most sought for ensuring smooth transition to new tax
regime as transition phase would be the time wherein maximum doubts/issues are
expected to arise. GST Laws provide for audit by professionals. CAs, being the audit
specialists, may explore the avenue of audit of financial statements under GST. They
may also render other assurance services for GST like analysing internal controls,
compliance audit, assistance in departmental audits, entrepreneurial consultancy etc.
CAs can impart training on GST to businesses to make them understand GST
functionality. They can also assist in the training programmes organised by the
Government for their officials.
In addition to the opportunities in-house, implementation of GST might also bring in
professional opportunities at a global level as GST is one of the most widely
implemented tax world-wide. Knowledge of GST will help in decoding tax regimen of
other countries thus enabling CAs to provide advisory services and undertaking work
in the area of knowledge process outsourcing. Further, CAs may also provide capacity
building services across the globe to other countries who intend to implement GST in
their countries.

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 Systems quality
Information technology plays a vital role in supporting the activities of profit oriented
and not-for-profit organizations. The growth and change that has come about as a result
of these trends have important implications. IT changes have created many new
opportunities for CAs in areas such as information development, information system
design, information systems management and control and system evaluation. This
service will provide assurance on various aspects of quality of information system and
will include branding of services for the benefit of CAs. Assurance on systems quality
is also essential step to provide continued assurance on information.
 Finance
Traditionally the role of Chartered Accountant was limited to ordinary financial
management functions such as investment decisions, capital structure decisions and
dividend decisions. But now a days Chartered Accountants can also render services in
the following dynamic areas:
i. Strategic Financial Decisions
ii. Capital and Money Market
iii. Foreign Exchange Risk Management
iv. Mergers and Acquisitions
v. Investment Banking
vi. Treasury Management
vii. Hedge Funds
viii. Portfolio Management
ix. Risk Management
x. Mutual Funds
xi. Credit Rating
xii. Venture Capital
 Management Consultancy Services
A Chartered Accountant plays a vital role in assisting businesses to improve the use of
their resources, increase their efficiency and achieve their objectives. As a management
consultant CA can also identify, evaluate and recommend ways to increase revenue
and reduce operating costs, analyse operations and suggest changes in structure and
individual responsibilities, conduct special studies, prepare recommendations, plans
and programs, and provide advice and technical assistance in their implementation.
Chartered Accountants by application of their technical knowledge and business
experience have been able to cater to the client's changing needs. The services rendered
by them include:
i. Market research and demand studies
ii. Budgeting, inventory management, working capital management
iii. Personnel recruitment and selection, incentive plans

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iv. Business policy, corporate planning, organization development, growth and
diversification
v. Organization structure and behaviour, development of human resources
vi. Systems analysis and design, and computer related services
vii. Advisor or consultant to an issue
viii. Registrar to an issue and for transfer of shares/other securities
ix. Quality audit, energy audit and environmental audit
x. Design, Development and Implementation of the Strategy of the business
xi. Development of KPIs that Support Strategic and Sustainable Goals
xii. Provide Relevant Information for Better Decision Making

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The Nature of work
Although Chartered Accountant is considered to be a gateway of successful career, the nature
of job and working conditions thereof differ depending on which field he/she gets into.
Broadly, the fields can be divided into 2 categories – CA in Practice & CA not in Practice.
1. CA in practice
As mentioned above, any member who wants to engage in public practice has to first
apply for and obtain a Certificate of Practice from the Council of ICAI. Only members
holding a Certificate of Practice may act as auditors or certify documents required by
various tax and financial regulatory authorities in India.
Good quality of patience with extra courage to practice is a basic mantra to decide for
public practice. The qualification opens the opportunity to set up independently as a
sole practitioner. A member opting for public practice shall have a success rate based
on intense or diversified article ship. If you are having tons of patience, go ahead with
your own practice otherwise join some established CA firm. In order to remain focused
in the chosen area of practice it is necessary for a CA firm to carefully set short term
and long term goals. When a fresh Chartered Accountant enters into a CA practice he
usually opts for a family owned firm or he joins a running firm as a partner. He can also
start a new firm from point zero either alone or with his friends who are in the same
scenario. In practice scenario number one and two the fresher has a very limited choice
and has to fall into the channel at least initially. The fact is that despite being inducted
as a partner, he is not able to influence the set thinking pattern of the established firm
and in reality is not a partner by heart. Many established CA firms are so sure of their
traditional set practice areas and the mode of practice adopted by them that they are
averse to the process of reviewing their performance. A fresh CA has a clear cut choice
of selection of practice areas and setting of goals only in the third scenario.
A practicing member holds full time COP and is restricted for active engagement in
other business. However, a member may opt for certain permissible occupation under
C.A. Regulations. For the same, a member is required to file a prescribed application
for permission for Engagement in other occupation under Regulation 190(A) of the
Chartered Accountants Regulations, 1988. A member can also hold honorary,
nominated or elected positions in public and government. Staying in public practice
offers the opportunity for transfers to different areas of practice (e.g. tax, corporate
finance or management consultancy) or, alternatively, a move to a different-sized firm.
In the large international firms, overseas opportunities are possible.

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2. CA not in practice
An increasing number of fresher Chartered Accountants these days prefer to join
corporate than set up their own practice, where they get lucrative salaries without any
capital investment. As per statistics published by ICAI, currently 56% Chartered
Accountants don’t hold Certificate of Practice. Many believe that with increasing
employment opportunities, practicing CAs will be 20%, while working CAs will be
80% by 2020. The number of women CAs will increase to 30% in the next decade from
the current 16%. In the early 1980s, the total composition of CAs was 80% in private
practice and 20% employed. Post-1991, things have changed dramatically. 80% of CAs
will be working for industry by 2020. Over the past decade, 90% are in jobs and just
10% are in private practice.
For all those who are opting for job, you’re the struggle is for very short period and
ends with finding the right company to work for. Generally, it takes 2 to 3 month time
for a fresher CA to get a good job with handsome remuneration. Even ICAI conducts
campus for placement of newly qualified CAs. In these 2 to 3 months, sometimes
companies reject you and sometimes you reject the company. But once you finds the
right company, the struggle ends and you start earning from the Day 1. Unemployed
Those who are going for job, can join Banks as Credit managers, Government
Companies as well as Private companies as Manager Finance & Accounts, Finance
consultancy firms as consultants, Big 4s as audit manager or taxation consultants etc.
One should keep the long term goals in mind.
The rising demand for CAs in the corporate sector will result in competition between
CAs in the job market. The competition in the practice will not increase. However, a
large number of CAs is joining corporate every year and their performance will be rated.
Any CA who wants to remain successful has to constantly upgrade his skills. If one
seriously wants to pursue a career as a CA, one will have to assess the focus area of
specialization, whether one wants to go into the industry or practice.
In the near future, companies may start replacing non-performing CAs with fresh CAs
as fresh CAs is available in plenty. Companies may also look forward to recruiting the
fresh as cost cutting measure as fresh CAs is costing less. One has to be a specialist in
various domains to keep growing. There are powerful advantages to specialization,
including being able to command. The specialization may be of many types like
geographical specialization, specialization in a certain role within organizations &
specialization in certain types of problems.
Whether practicing or not, the working hours are not fixed. If the Chartered Accountant has
chosen to work in Industry, then his job profile is of Senior Level Manager of the company,
where the concept of time bound working is never applicable in today’s scenario. And if he /

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she has chosen to Practice, then though he / she is self-employed proprietor / partner, still due
to his / her responsibilities and nature of work, fixed or time bound working is impossible.
Rather the self-employed person never gets leave, which is available for any person working
in Industry. He is 24 * 7 Professional and has to be on toes to provide the best possible service
to client. Again services of Chartered Accountant are such, that even consultation on phone is
possible, so to have a call at any time during 24 hours is possible in case of emergency. But
still we have to agree that it’s not so like a doctor. Point to note here is that at least Doctors get
the blessings from their patients after they provide service to their Patients. But here with
Chartered Accountant it’s a different concept, clients feel it’s their right and its duty of
Chartered Accountant to provide the details.

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Chartered Accountants & Stress??
There is vast difference between ancient times and present modern times. There has been
drastic change in food habits, customs, practices, life style, and standard of living. As the
circumstances have changed, so have the problems in life. Modern science and technology have
conferred the gifts of power and speed, but that we have achieved a lot of progress, but peace
of mind is lost. Today, man is subjected to a large number of stress in modern fast way of life
and the balance is frequently disturbed.
Stress is a feeling of strain and pressure. Stress can be defined as “a state of psychological and
physiological imbalance resulting from the disparity between situational demand and the
individual's ability and motivation to meet those needs.”
Small amounts of stress may be desired, beneficial, and even healthy. Positive stress helps
improve athletic performance. It also plays a factor in motivation, adaptation, and reaction to
the environment. Excessive amounts of stress, however, may lead to bodily harm. Stress can
increase the risk of strokes, heart attacks, ulcers, and mental illnesses such as depression.
Stress has far reaching consequences and has percolated and has percolated all aspects of
modern life. Stress is responsible for restlessness, social disharmony, family conflicts apart
from a series of psychosomatic ailments and psychiatric problems.
Various stresses incessantly pervade and consume our life. These can be categorised into 3
types:
1. Physical stress
If a person does a lot of physical activity or works excessively hard or simply lazily
sits in all the cases causes a physical stress. Sitting for long in an unnatural posture,
bending one’s back or working in such position and also having body posture that is
not conducive to the natural position of spine or body – encounters strains. Physical
stress is faced because of continuously standing at workplace or frequently travelling
for work or other exertion.
2. Mental stress
It is said that stress is circumstantial as well as self-created. The self-created tensions
originate from our very nature, our habits, our associates and our thinking. The mental
stress is created by excessive thinking, bad thoughts, improper ideas, irrational fear,
excessive expectations and wrong attitude. When we place a lot of importance to
trivial thing and keep on harping on it, mental stress is experienced. It is natural that
bad thoughts come to our mind. As long as their amount is small, they don’t trouble
us, don’t lead to stress. But when their amount increases, then it affects our mind.

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3. Emotional stress
The stress on emotional level do affect our behaviour and personality. Pleasant
emotions culminate into joy, happiness, energy and enthusiasm, while unpleasant
emotions create anger, hatred, jealousy, malice, misery. We normally react on
emotional level to every happening may it be pleasant or unpleasant and express our
reactions by laughing, crying or anger immediately. So there is no build-up of
emotional stress. If the reaction is not expressed and forcibly suppressed then it
troubles us by manifesting itself in the form of disease or disorder. It may generate
hypertension, insomnia, asthma and other similar disease that may cause a lot of
damage to the person.
Chartered Accountant is not an exception to the natural law of stress. The concept of stress is
applicable since one opts to start CA course. The various phases under which one has to go are
mentioned below:
 As a Student
At the entrance of a Church in Chennai it was written that “God never fails...!” As the
Church was near CA student’s library, one student read and internalized. And on the
other day, under that line he wrote “Tell the god to appear for CA examinations….”
CA course is considered as course which has easy entry, but tough exit. One has to pass
3 examinations namely, CA Foundation, CA Intermediate, CA Final to get ICAI
membership. All CA examinations are conducted twice in a year- May & November.
In CA examinations, candidate shall be declared to have passed the examination if he/
she obtains at one sitting a minimum of 40% marks in each paper and a minimum of
50% marks in aggregate of all the papers. Along with passing the examinations, the
candidate has to complete 2 Courses on Information Technology and Soft Skills.
It is said that passing percentage of CA Foundation examination is 30%, CA
Intermediate examination is 10% (of the pass outs of CA Foundation) and CA Final

18
examination is 5% (of the pass outs of CA Intermediate). In terms of no., it can be said
that if 2000 students appear for CA Foundation, 600 will go for next level, i.e., CA
Intermediate and out of those 600 students 60 students will for the next level, i.e., CA
Final and finally 3 students will become Chartered Accountants.
Entry to the CA course can be made by the candidates who have appeared for class XII
examination. Hence, it can be said that the student can commence CA course at the age
of 18. The candidate has to appear and qualify CA foundation exam, after which he /
she can enrol for Intermediate course. CA Foundation examination has 4 papers, 2
papers are subjective and 2 are objective.
There is one direct entry route, through which candidates who are Graduates in
Commerce having secured in aggregate a minimum of 55% of the total marks or its
equivalent grade in the examination conducted by any recognized University can enrol
for Intermediate course. CA Foundation is exempt for such candidates.
Intermediate course require dedicated 8 months of studies. Intermediate course has 2
groups, consisting of 4 subjects each. All the papers are subjective. There are
approximately 1000+ pages of each subject i.e., 8000+ pages are to be studied before
appearing the examination. The Intermediate examination covers the portion equivalent
to Post Graduates in Commerce (or M.Com.). The syllabus of the examination is the
theoretical aspect of the CA articleship (3 years mandatory internship). Generally, there
is common tendency of joining coaching classes or taking online training for the
examination. The coaching class take 7 months & 7 hours/day classes. The mental stress
that 19 years old student goes through is unprecedented. One has to sacrifice many
things. He / she has to be focused for the studies, the results of which are uncertain.
Sitting for studies at one place, no physical exercise in daily routine, etc. may result in
some ailments.

19
Upon passing Intermediate examination and completing 1st
Course on Information
Technology and Soft Skills, one can register for 3 years of Practical Training
(commonly known as Articleship) under any CA firm in India. The articleship working
hours are rigid. Depending on the assignment, one may have to travel out of town for
audits or other work. As the articleship is during the Graduation, the student has to keep
in mind his / her University examinations. Managing multiple things becomes a
challenging task.
After 3 years of articleship, the candidate can appear for CA final examination. The
coaching class of CA final examination starts immediately after the completion of
Graduation. So during the last year of articleship, the student has to manage his / her
office work along with the classes. As the examination nears, the fear increases. CA
final examination has 2 groups, consisting of 4 subjects each. All the papers are
subjective. There are approximately 1200+ pages of each subject i.e., 10,000+ pages
are to be studied before appearing the examination.
Generally, 4 to 4.5 months of study leave is allowed for preparation of the final
examination. As it is the last examination before getting the coveted degree, the student
is thoroughly assessed on the basis of his / her memory, analytical skills, factual
knowledge and many such parameters. This is not just a test on paper, but it is a test of
mind-set. During this last phase of CA course, students fail to keep the balance between
health and studies. This has an adverse impact on body, mind and hence the emotions.

20
As mentioned above, the student has to secure 40% in each subject & 50% in aggregate,
failing to which he / she has to re-appear. The uncertainty of results percentage, causes
lot of mental pressure. CA Intermediate & CA Final have 2 groups. In many
circumstances, students pass either of the group and keeps on appearing for another
group. The continuous process of preparing, appearing for the examination and
reappearing for the same examination again and again, causes psychological
disturbance.
Once I was asking for no. of attempts that a candidate is appearing for CA Final, he
replied that “Lord Ram’s Vanvasam ended after 14 years, but my Vanvasam for
becoming CA has not ended yet…”
 After becoming Chartered Accountant

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The hardworking students who is backed up by a bit of luck, complete all the laps of
CA course and finally become a Chartered Accountant. Initial 1.5-2 months go in
digesting the fact that he / she has passed CA Final examination. After which one starts
thinking about his / her career. Plethora of avenues are open for a fresher Chartered
Accountant. The open arena of globalization, poses the challenge of confusion and cut-
throat competition. The common problem that many Chartered Accountants face now-
a-days is – not able to ideate which is the suitable career.
 CA in practice
Whenever any student qualifies as a Chartered Accountant and if decides to enter in
Practice, normal investment for setting up the practice is quite high. The capital
investment in terms of Office Place, Computerizations and Furniture etc. have gone at
very high level. Generally the class of students undergo such type of courses are from
middle class society or lower middle class society. In such a family set up, hardly any
member happens to be a business man who really knows the real intricacies of business
or profession. So to start with own practice, he / she faces many difficulties to raise
such a huge funds. In the initial period, it’s very difficult to have clients since a person
may or may not be from a business family setup to get contacts immediately and the
main client base for any Chartered Accountant is the Business Class or the Government
Institutions where again the relationship with those who can allot the work is important.
In these circumstances, he has to struggle hard to get a single client or a single work
form any institution like Bank, Societies etc.
Chartered Accountants are the persons after the business men, who are most affected
due to the changes in Laws. The businessmen are either benefited or suffer loss, due to
change in any law. Within a day or so we are supposed to answer the questions of our
clients. Means again a hectic work of studying the changes in laws by attending
Seminars and Workshops or to read them on your own is necessary. Most of the time
all this is only to keep ourselves updated with such changes to provide proper service
to our client. Rather if we fail it will be a great issue for the clients for which heavy cost
may be borne by us if the client leaves us.
The due date diaries of any Chartered Accountant is hardly free for any fortnight during
any month of any year. The last minute details and records are made available by the
clients and their expectation is always to submit their Returns Cum Challans under
various Acts or Laws before due date, to avoid Interest and Penalty from Government
Departments. Naturally to safeguard the client we struggle hard, which completely
damages our routine for the day, the days start with Stress and also end with Stress.
This story is not for one or two days in a month, but it has become very common and
routine. So practically now we should be habituated with such Stress. But human nature
is not so, a man can manage with physical stress but it’s impossible to live with mental
stress. The price for the same is High Blood Pressure, Diabetes, Heart Problems,

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Hypertension, Acidity, Nervousness, etc. all these problems are on mental and physical
level and also stretched family relations and no social contacts on this front.
 CA in not practice
Mostly fresher Chartered Accountants who want to do corporate career, prefer to go to
metro cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Bangalore, and Chennai. Mostly Chartered
Accountants are crowded in city of Mumbai – Financial capital of India. This trend of
coming to metro cities, has resulted in fierce competition. Over the years, the average
package that is getting offered to the fresher Chartered Accountants has remained
constant or getting declined.
Due to globalization, the Information technology industries has developed in India very
fast. The job opportunities have increased, the scenario has changed for the job holders.
Salary profile has undergone various changes. Now employee has become an asset for
the company. Suddenly every organization has felt the importance of good manpower
and their qualities. The scarcity of manpower has occurred, it has become very difficult
to get a right person at right position and at right cost. So the demand has increased for
the job holders and number of companies have started recruiting even graduate person
on a good salary package. The multi-national companies have started offering good
scale to juniors and Fresh Qualified Chartered Accountants. All these has led to a
situation where, it has become very difficult for us to have good, sincere employees. As
per the nature of young generation, they are of FLY – BYE nature. This has become a
main issue now- a-days for no. of companies. Hectic job hours, ever changing job
locations, competition within the profession have caused physical as well as mental
stress.
Even after joining an organization, there are many cases who leave within 6 months of
the job. There are many reasons behind it like long working hours, working conditions,
daily hectic travelling etc. Again finding another job in same field or different field or
for that matter in different city becomes a tough challenge. For those who start their
own practice, if beyond a point becomes unmanageable, then he / she has to shut the
venture and find other avenues for earnings. During these phases of life, one may lose
his / her self-confidence.
Is there any way-out to overcome this “STRESS”??

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Yoga – an art of life
Ancient India has been the source of innumerable, almost magical for that time in history
scientific advances. Throughout history, India has perhaps been the only country and
civilisation where science and religion were never at loggerheads with each other. In fact, all
our scientists were saints!! There are 2 salient features among manifold of features of India
which can be aptly described as India’s tribute to the world namely Indian music and Yoga.
The first one is an art, while the latter is art of life.
“Yoga” is a Sanskrit word that means union, to yoke or to unify; the merging of the microcosm
of our existence in our body with the macrocosm. In other words, this also implies the fusion
of embodied consciousness with cosmic consciousness. Swami Satyananda Saraswati says
“Yoga is the union between the limited self and the cosmic self. Individual cannot be separated
from cosmic consciousness.” Swami Shivananda says “Yoga is the integration and harmony
between head, heart and hands or though, word, deeds.”
Yoga is a technique to join body with min, mind with soul, and soul with super soul. Constant
awareness about existence of our super soul within self is real Yoga. This gives us an
experience of innate potentials and develops “Inner personality” of any individual. Achieving
Super consciousness by experiencing Individual consciousness is possible through Yoga. In
this process, one has to experience that individual is the part and parcel of superpower or higher
consciousness. A man is an expressed manifestation of this subtle consciousness. This joining
elevates from physical level to spiritual level. The human being is the only animal who is
privileged to possess a unique power to look at the self and the world around him. Yoga, verily

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in the true sense of the term, means to have conviction that god does not reside anywhere
outside, but dwells in one’s heart constantly and one has to be perpetually aware of god. As a
result the latent, subtle such as capabilities, intellect, intuition and inspiration get awakened
and resultantly the inner personality reaches at its highest pinnacle of development.
Stable and peaceful mind is the key to understand and reach at the spiritual level. Unless the
mind is quiet and steady one could not comprehend the ultimate reality. Most of the deepest
secrets have been unveiled by the contemplative intuition that is gained in this peaceful and
steady state of mind. A lot of riddles are solved, solutions are found, and new dimension is
given to life. Divine bliss is achieved in this state of mind. It is said that every person is the
combination of both the beast and divine tendencies. If a person contemplates on self
ceaselessly, the beastly instincts are reduced and he becomes a true human being. And
thereafter he recognizes the divinity within himself. A person is transformed to the supreme
divinity. It is very important that individual soul has to recognize the highest soul dwelling in
him. This indeed is true Yoga.
When we date back to the origin of Yoga, it was primarily aimed at achieving the elevation of
mankind from animalism to the divinity. That time lifestyle was simple, principle based and
had limited hassles. Therefore entire process of Yogic practices was for self-search, self-
elevation and trying to get united with that basic instinct which has originated the mankind. It
can be said that search and elevation of “SOUL” was the “SOLE” objective of all the Yogic
practices.
If one tries to propagate Yoga on the basis of its original objectives, no one will pay attention
on the face of it. The simple reason for rejection will be outdated or impossible to perform the
concepts. It may look correct per se, but if one will try to apply the principles of these objectives

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in today’s practical life, they will fit to perfection. We need a solution that will relieve us from
all the small or big problems. Today’s dilemma is that those who have, don’t know where to
stop and those who don’t have don’t understand from where to start. Everyone is in need of
something, but cannot understand what is exactly needed. The decision making is becoming
very difficult on individual, family, social, national and international level. One cannot get
contended with what one has and is making entire lifestyle totally chaotic. If we carefully
analyse situation, we can easily recognize the problems, can analyse the reasons, but cannot
find long lasting solution. It is so because the solution is always searched through some
superfluous ways. In fact the real solution is inside only, in the form of pure bliss, which no
one is able to recognize. Though Yoga is a way of life, every individual is expecting different
returns from it. Therefore is one wants to march on this simple way of life, there has to be a
definite objective or aim to achieve.
Today every person irrespective of age, caste or religion needs 3 main things to make his life
comfortable at minimal level. These are Physical fitness, Mental peace, and Emotional
tranquillity. These three are of prime importance because today’s major problems originate
from either of them. Though for the sake of understanding we have separated the present day
objectives of Yoga, they are interdependent and complimentary to each other. They are related
to each other and progress from gross to subtle i.e., from physical to emotional. Present day
objectives of Yoga are definitely time subjective but are identical at roots. Let’s understand
them in details:
1. Physical fitness
It normally means sound and healthy physical condition. By physical fitness we mean
complete functional efficiency of all important organs. All the systems in the body
work cohesively with perfect coordination can be called as physical fit condition.
Some are extremely conscious about fitness and have other extreme side of the
behaviour. They stretch themselves to such an extent that their efforts to keep them fit
become reason of ailments. By and large proper and controlled eating at right time,
simple and regular exercise and sufficient rest are the most important components of
physical fitness.
Yogic practice can serve the purpose of gaining physical fitness with ease and comfort.
Various Yogic processes are simple and easy to follow, but require a bit of regularity.
Asana, Pranayama, Kriyas, proper relaxation can give the required level of physical
fitness. Especially various Asana make the spine and related muscles flexible and
keeps abdominal cavity perfectly in order. The relaxation for some time relieves all
the physical fatigue and relaxes the mind as well. The cleansing processes reduce the
internal toxins created by wrong and irregular eating. Thus the physically healthy
condition can be achieved by regular practice of Yoga.

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2. Mental peace
Today our mind is in “Piece” rather than in “Peace”. How to experience the peace of
mind is really a million dollar question. It cannot be achieved by detaching self from
the world or getting secluded, but has to be experienced by living in family and sharing
the social life.
We have lost the peace of mind due to our thinking pattern, which is mostly negative.
This happens due to unforeseen fears, phobias of either past or future that in turn make
our present more vulnerable. The pendulum of thoughts swings from extreme
overconfidence to absolute lack of confidence. Both these conditions create mental
imbalance and one is deprived of the mental peace.
The different types of Yogic practices, though initially practiced on physical level can
make our mind stable along with body. The neuro muscular coordination gets
established, which relieves most of the physical, mental tensions. Practice of
Pranayama plays the key role in stabilizing and controlling the mind otherwise is very
difficult. Our mind gets disciplined by practicing the Asana and Pranayama regularly
that puts us on the path of real peace within self. One gets an ability to differentiate
between the thoughts disturbing the mental peace and those boosting it. In due course
of time, mental peace does not remain a need but becomes our privilege.
3. Emotional tranquillity
We normally understand the importance of emotions but we don’t value them. It is
relevant individually as well as in our behaviour with others. In today’s time we see
emotional outbursts on various levels, which have direct or indirect impact on our
mind. We mainly face the problems of expressing of emotions. Due to speed of life,
we don’t have time to ponder upon this important aspect. Care, affection, love,
protection, respect are some of the common emotions which we will find ill expressed
most of the time. This happens because we take certain relationships for granted and
don’t feel it necessary to respect the emotions.
Over expression, under expression, ill-timed, ill-placed expression of emotions is
peculiarity of emotional set up. It is experienced that while finding the solution to this
issue, the ways and means used by the people complicate the issue more.
Yogic practices like Pratyahaar, Dharana, and Dhyan are of great use for solving the
emotional imbalance. The provocative emotions can be controlled with the help of
these practices. Rather they empower the person with the sensitivity to understand and
respect other’s emotions and express one’s with diligence. Not only physical or mental
Sadhana but emotional culturing is equally important. Our ability to respond various
stimuli plays an important role in emotional culturing. One should be impartial rather
than indifferent while expressing the emotions.

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Understanding Ashtanga Yoga
One gets normally confused on the size of the total iceberg from the visible part of it from the
water level. However it is only 1/8th
of the total iceberg and the remaining part is left below the
water level. Therefore it is necessary to consider the entire size of the iceberg. Yoga can be
considered with the view of its multiple dimensions.
In “Ashtanga Yoga” of Maharshi Patanjali has propagated 8 limbs of Yoga. This is recognized
as the first systematic compilation of discrete Yogic science. It has got a definite structure and
logic. It is also called as Rajayoga. The Ashtanga Yoga or 8 limbs are – Yama, Niyama, Asana,
Pranayama, Pratyahar, Dharana, Dhyan, and Samadhi. Of these, first 4 limbs are called as
Bahiranga Yoga and the latter 4 limbs are called as Antarang Yoga.
Bahiranga Yoga primarily deals with physical existence of human life, whereas Antarang Yoga
deals with the intellectual and spiritual aspect of human life. While performing the Bahiranga
Sadhana primarily physical (Gross) level is used, whereas for Antarang Sadhana mental or
intellectual (Subtle) level of human existence is used. Therefore the journey in Yoga is from
Gross to Subtle. This progression of Sadhana is so beautiful that each limb gets merged with
the next as a result. We need not come back to the earlier stage to reinforce the performance.
Earlier limb becomes the foundation for the next step. Only for the sake of understanding they
are dealt separately, otherwise they are holistic in nature. Let’s understand it in details:
1. Yama
While living in a society, certain behavioural parameters are to be observed by every
individual. One must give due importance to the fact of being part of society and must
observe certain rules during one’s life cycle. An individual Sadhana done by
remaining in society should be socially relevant. When social health is sound that of
individual remains alike. The process of individual and social balance becomes
natural. Yamas help an individual to keep attached with the society and removes all
the obstacles in his Sadhana. There are 5 Yamas:
i. अह िंसा (Non-violence): One has to be non-violent while living in the society.
The hurting should be avoided on all levels like physical, mental, emotional.
The principle of non-violence teaches one to use his bravery for protection
rather than an attack.
ii. सत्य (Truth): Our mind cannot remain stable and peaceful when our
behaviour is not based on the truth. When we speak truth lot of energy is
saved. Just opposite is while speaking lie. One has to think, speak and behave
in its true sense.

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iii. अस्तेय (Non theft): One has to be away from things which he does not belong
to. There should not be any lure for the things which are not and cannot be
owned in normal course. Therefore taking possession of anything without
permission of true owner is theft, from which one has to be away.
iv. ब्रह्मचयय (Pure consciousness): Control over the sexual emotions and behaviour
must be observed by everybody. These emotions are to be properly canalised
to maintain the emotional balance. The subtle meaning of this principle says
that “Bramha” is “Pure consciousness” and “Charya” means to “Pursue”.
Therefore pure consciousness is expected.
v. अपरिग्र (Non hoarding): One has to hold the things which justifies the real
needs. Once own needs are satisfied, the person has to leave the things for
others. The nature of hoarding unwarranted things increases the lure in mind,
it makes unstable and discontented.
2. Niyama
Individual preparedness on the basis of self-discipline and control is needed for Yogic
practice. Niyamas are the guidelines for an individual as regards his ideal behaviour
on personal level. These are required for removing all the mental obstacles. There are
5 Niyamas:
i. शौच (Purity): Total purity on physical, mental or behavioural level is required.
Anything which is pure is always strong. Mind has to be pure to make the
behaviour in tune with the thoughts. The purity on mental level can be
achieved with the help of positive thinking
ii. सिंतोष (Contentment): It is a state of mind which anybody can achieve by having
satisfaction in whatever he holds. Instead of running behind illusionary things
one should be happy with existing achievements.
iii. तप (Toiling): This process prepares the person through severe exercise. An
exercise is to be done for strengthening the physical, mental and behavioural
capabilities, increasing the endurance and reducing the ego complexes.
iv. स्वाध्याय (Self-study): This involves understanding of self in and out. Deep self-study
gives positive thinking and the ability to behave in tune with the thoughts.
v. ईश्वि प्राहिधान (Surrender): God is the concept and the matter of individual
belief. However the whole universe is controlled by unknown power, which
makes anything possible which one does. A sense of belonging and surrender
to this power removes one’s ego complexes.

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3. Asana
A particular bodily posture is regarded as Asana in Yoga. Asana means stable and
comfortable body posture. The main advantage of Asana is to have improved blood
supply to all systems in the body. Asanas need only physical preparation though there
is mental involvement in later stage. By accepting the natural physical condition one
has to practice Asana with regularity for further advancement. Various Asanas can be
categorized into 3 types:
i. Meditative Asana: The Asanas in sitting position which are helpful to gain
the steadiness of body are necessary for meditation. Padmasana,
Svastikasana, Siddhasana, Vajrasana, etc. are meditative Asanas.
ii. Asana for relaxation: Relaxing yoga helps to find balance and serenity.
Yogic breathing and poses unburden the body. Shavasana and Makarasana
are done for relaxation.
iii. Asana for body: The aim of these Asanas is to keep the flexibility of the
backbone. When the backbone is flexible, a person can be enthusiastic and
fresh. 66% of the body muscles are located in the back. The following
Asanas are useful for strengthening the spine:
Type of Asana Asanas
Forward bending Asana Paschimatanasana, Halasana,
Yogamudra, etc.
Backward bending Asana Bhujangasana, Naukasana, Dhanurasana,
Matsyasana, etc.
Sideward bending Asana Chakrasana
Twisting Asana Vakrasana, Ardhamatsyendrasana, etc.
Vertically stretching Asana Parvatasana, Tadasana, etc.
Topsy- turvey group of Asana Viparit Karni Mudra, Sarvangasana,
Shirshasana, etc.
Balancing Asana Vrikshasana, Mayurasana, etc.
While learning and practicing Asana 5 steps mentioned below are to be followed
slowly and steadily:
i. Primary or preparatory stage
ii. Slowly marching towards the final position
iii. Final position
iv. Reverse action
v. Primary stage

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4. Pranayama
The gross expression of our energy is in breath and subtle expression is in our mind.
Mind elevation is done through Pranayama. When a person is born, the first act that is
done is breathing in and the last act that is done when a person passes away is breathing
out. The inhaling and exhaling goes on naturally throughout the life. The breathing is
the indication of life force in the body. Pranayama is a Yogic practice through which
breathing is regulated, controlled thereby achieving mental stability.
There are 3 components of the breathing process namely:
i. पूिक (Inhalation) – Voluntarily controlled inhalation of breath
ii. किं भक (Retention) – Voluntarily controlled retention of breath
iii. िेचक (Exhalation) – Voluntarily controlled exhalation of breath
Hathayoga has explained 8 Pranayama Suryabhedana, Ujjayi, Sitkari, Sitali,
Bhastrika, Brahmari, Murccha and Plavini.
The process of Pranayama is something beyond the calculated or regulated breathing.
The process of breathing passes through 5 stages as under:
i. Cleansing: It is required for cleaning of respiratory track, especially nostrils
and nasal cavity. In general Kapalbhati and Neti are to be done before starting
Pranayama.
ii. Normalising: Deep breathing, sectional breathing regulates any distortion in
the breathing.
iii. Controlling: Controlled inhalation and controlled exhalation is essence of
Pranayama. Pranayama is useful to control the respiratory rate.
iv. Balancing: Balancing 2 nostrils is needed for Pranayama. Suryanadi &
Chandranadi are two contrasts which are to be brought to the balanced state.
Through this, hemispheres of brain also get balanced.
v. Awareness: All the earlier stages cannot be experienced in real sense unless
they are backed by awareness. The major differentiating thing between
breathing and Pranayama is awareness. If it is practiced without awareness,
then it merely becomes a physical phenomenon.
5. Pratyahar
Pratyahar is the bridge between Bahiranga Yoga and Antaranga Yoga. In Pratyahar it
is expected to withdraw from the external and bring the focus inwards towards breath,
as connection with the external senses and stimuli are all severed gradually. A
temporary disassociation of mind from its usual sensory inputs and turning it inward
by focusing on special sensations experienced through the Yogic process. The
consciousness of the individual is internalized in order that the sensations from the
senses of taste, touch, sight, hearing and smell don't reach their respective centres in
the brain.

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Pratyahar empowers one to stop being controlled by the external world, fetch one's
attention to seek self-knowledge and experience the freedom innate in one's inner
world. Pratyahar marks the transition of yoga experience from first four limbs that
perfect external forms to last three limbs that perfect inner state, from outside to inside,
from outer sphere of body to inner sphere of spirit.
6. Dharana
Dharana means concentration, introspective focus and one-pointedness of mind.
Dharana as the sixth limb of yoga, is holding one's mind onto a particular inner state,
subject or topic of one's mind. In this stage concentration or single focus is expected.
The prior limb Pratyahar involves withdrawing the senses from external phenomena.
Dharana builds further upon this by refining it further to single-pointed attention. It is
the initial step of deep concentrative meditation, where the object being focused upon
is held in the mind without consciousness wavering from it.
The difference between Dharana, Dhyan, and Samadhi is that in the former, the object
of meditation, the mystic, and the act of meditation itself remain separate. That is, the
mystic or the mystic's meta-awareness is conscious of meditating (that is, is conscious
of the act of meditation) on an object, and of one's own self, which is concentrating
on the object. Generally, the object of concentration is God, or the Self, which is seen
as an expression of God.
7. Dhyan
Dhyan literally means contemplation, reflection and profound, abstract meditation.
Dhyan means continued experience of Dharana. It is about contemplating, reflecting
on whatever Dharana has focused on. If in the sixth limb of yoga one focused on a
personal deity, Dhyan is its contemplation. If the concentration was on one object,
Dhyan is non-judgmental, non-presumptuous observation of that object. If the focus
was on a concept / idea, Dhyan is contemplating that concept / idea in all its aspects,
forms and consequences. Dhyan is uninterrupted train of thought, current of cognition,
flow of awareness.
Dhyan is integrally related to Dharana, one leads to other. Dharana is a state of mind,
Dhyan the process of mind. Dhyana is distinct from Dharana in that the meditator
becomes actively engaged with its focus. Dhyan is a Yoga state when there is only the
stream of continuous thought about the object, uninterrupted by other thoughts of
different kind for the same object.
8. Samadhi
Samadhi literally means putting together, joining, combining with, union, harmonious
whole, trance. Samadhi is oneness with the subject of meditation. It is a state of
consciousness where individual awareness dissolves into the great Whole. There are
different levels of Samadhi, or different stages of connection with the Divine, but

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when the word Samadhi is used alone, it usually refers to the state of enlightenment,
which is the highest form of Samadhi. Samadhi is not a permanent state, and like the
stages before it (Dharana and Dhyan), Samadhi does not come upon anyone by
accident. It takes dedication and effort, and a person must be willing to train the mind
and go deep inside.
In Samadhi, there is no distinction between the actor of meditation, the act of
meditation and the subject of meditation. Samadhi is that spiritual state when one's
mind is so absorbed in whatever it is contemplating on, that the mind loses the sense
of its own identity.
We are spiritual beings, or souls, who have a body. We have a spirit that is
connected with the Source, with the whole Universe. This is a state where material
possessions lose their meaning; where we can come to realize that we don't actually
own anything, not even our bodies. Everything physical will dissolve, everything in
our physical world will eventually disappear, or at the very end we will lose them
when we leave this physical world. But the spirit is eternal and it knows this. We just
need to reconnect with this inner knowledge.

33
Yogic practices for Chartered Accountants
The profession of Chartered Accountants is considered as a Financial doctor of society. While
addressing CA day on 1st
July, 2017 Hon. Prime Minister Narendra Modi aptly addressed that
“परुषार्य (Puruṣārtha) – object of human pursuit, 4 goals human life are to be fulfilled. Those
are धर्य (righteousness, moral values), अर्य (prosperity, economic values), कार् (pleasure, love,
psychological values), र्ोक्ष (liberation, spiritual values). The path to ultimate state passes
though अर्य. In modern world, the profession of Chartered Accountants is the one which
provides the direction for economic prosperity so that society as a whole can reach at the
ultimate goal. Hence Chartered Accountants are modern day saints.”
So how can modern saints remain stresses, agitated, frustrated??
Problems, stress are all pervasive. But it is the perspective of looking at the situations, one’s
mindset or approach towards the situations is the deciding factor. The cause and remedy of the
problem is none other than our MIND. We need a means that will inculcate virtues and thus
educate, discipline our mind, hence our approach towards life. Yoga Sadhana can certainly
help us with this regard. Yoga can be used as an instrument for freedom from stress. It will not
be appropriate to hope for complete and total release from stress. Stress to some extent is
inevitable. On the strength of self-confidence gained through Yoga Sadhana, one can face it
with smile and little efforts.
Let’s understand which Yogic practices Chartered Accountants or students of Chartered
Accountancy course can practice.
Asana
Asana or Yogic postures attracts the attention of a layman. In Yoga Sadhana, Asana should be
performed first. It is cited that Asana bestows steadiness, healthiness and lightness in the body.
There are about 35-40 Asana, few of which are explained below:
 Marjarasana

34
Marjarasana brings flexibility to the spine. It strengthens wrists and shoulders. Blood
circulation is improved. Chartered Accountants have to sit in front of computer for the work.
Because of which back pain, eye strains have become the common problems. Appropriate
practice of Marjarasana be effective against such problems.
 Shashankasana
The spine gets a forward stretch and becomes flexible and strong. It relaxes the leg muscles of
the limb while folding. The lower part of the stomach gets more blood flow. Because of the
hectic working hours of Chartered Accountants, the food habits have changed. There is no fix
timing for breakfast, lunch, dinner. This does have an impact on our digestive system.
Shashankasana plays an important role in treating disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and
reduces the excess fat in the abdominal and waist.
 Baddhahastagomukhasana

35
Baddhahastagomukhasana helps to flex the back, making it more elastic. It helps to cure stiff
shoulders and also helps reduce backaches. The work of a Chartered Accountant does not
involve much of physical movement, hence aliments like chronic pains arise.
Baddhahastagomukhasana involves range of motion in the joints that will help in treating
such ailments. This asana is therapeutic and helps in pressure release.
 Pawanamuktasana
Pawanamuktasana strengthens the abdominal muscles and massages the intestines and
internal organs of the digestive system. In the process of working for due dates, Chartered
Accountants hardly have time to take lunch on time, resulting in acidity, gastrointestinal
disorders and various other problems. Pawanamuktasana helps in releasing trapped gases and
improving digestion. It helps burn fat in the thighs, buttocks, and abdominal area. It helps to
stretch the back and neck.
 Bhujangasana

36
Some professionals have thyroid diseases. Bhujangasana is good for thyroid as well as
parathyroid glands. It gives soothing stretching to these glands thereby helps to minimise the
symptoms of thyroid disease. It also helps to revitalize the throat region and health of the
thyroid gland.
Bhujangasana ensures a synergy various plexuses, nerves and nerves cells, which ultimately
helps to stimulate Kundalini power.
 Naukasana
Diabetes has become common disease for stressed people. Naukasana is good for a diabetes
patient to maintain the sugar level. It regulates the function of pancreas, liver, and lungs. It
also strengthens the muscles of thigh, hips, necks, and shoulder.
 Dhanurasana

37
Practicing Dhanurasana helps to widen and open up the neck, chest, and shoulders. The legs
and arm muscles are toned. It also helps to strengthen the back as well as the abdominal
muscles.
 Tadasana
Concentration is required in all aspects of life. One can concentrate more, if the breathing is
stabilized. Tadasana steadies the breathing. It relieves tension, aches, and pains throughout
the body. Tadasana harmonizes body and the mind by increasing energy and enthusiasm. It
increases strength, power, and mobility in the feet, legs, and hips. Tadasana is considered as
an excellent asana for those who want to increase their height in their formative years.
 Vrikshasana
Vrikshasana strengthens the spine while improving both balance and poise. It improves and
aids neuro-muscular coordination. It tones the leg muscles while making the ligaments and
tendons of the feet stronger. It relieves those suffering from sciatica and reduces flat feet.
It makes you stable, flexible, and patient. It enhances concentration and activates all the
mental faculties. This pose helps to deepen the thorax.

38
Mudra
 Yogamudra
In Yogamudra, the abdominal wall becomes healthy and strong. The tone of abdominal muscles
and muscle fibre improves. This promotes the health of the organs in that region by circulating
the stagnated blood. This improves the health of the abdomen and consequently that of whole
body.
 Simhamudra
The muscle of the upper portion of the tongue are stretched and those at the root of the tongue
are pulled. This makes the tongue more elastic. The tendency of the tongue to soreness and
hoarseness of the throat is reduced. The pathological growth of the tonsils is prevented. The
swelling of the throat due to stagnation of blood is eliminated. The swelling and paleness of
the face as also the dryness of the facial skin are countered by practice of Simhamudra.

39
 Bramhamudra
The alternate contraction and stretching of the muscles in the neck make the muscle strong and
flexible. Blood stagnation in the neck and the throat region is removed. The cranial nerves
going from the brain towards the sense organs are made more active. Bramhamudra is very
useful as a preventive measure against the swelling, inflammation, unhealthy growth of the
tonsils.
 Viparitkarnimudra
The supra-renal and the gonad glands situated in the abdomen get an abundant supply of blood
and become more efficient. This prevents seminal weakness, increases zest. The tendency of
blood to accumulate at certain points is eliminated, thus increasing the rate of circulation of the
blood. It helps to get rid of the problem of varicose veins. The valves of the veins get rest and
become more efficient.

40
Surya Namaskar
1. Pranamasana (Salutation pose) where the breathing is exhalation.
2. Hastha Uttanasana (Raised arm pose) where the breathing is inhalation.
3. Uttanasana (Forward bend pose) where the breathing is exhalation
4. Ashwa Sanchalanasana (Equestrian pose) where the breathing is inhalation
5. Adho Mukha Svanasana (Downward dog pose) where the breathing is exhalation.
6. Ashtanga Namaskaram (Salute with eight limbs) where the breathing is suspended.
7. Bhujangasana (Cobra pose) where the breathing is inhalation.
8. Adho Mukha Svanasana (Downward dog pose) where the breathing is exhalation.
9. Ashwa Sanchalanasana (Equisterianpose) where the breathing is inhalation.
10. Uttanasana (Forward bend pose) where the breathing is inhalation.
11. Hastha Uttanasana (Raised arm pose) where the breathing is inhalation.
12. Pranamasana (Salutation pose) where the breathing is exhalation.

41
Pranayama
The breathing process is closely related to the rhythms of our physical, mental and emotional
life. The breathing process is a connecting link between our conscious and sub-conscious areas
of the mind. Pranayama is a breathing technique to win mastery over the mind and inhibit its
modifications.
Pranayama should be done in meditative Asana as shown below:
Vajrasana Padmasana
Swastikasana Bhadrasana

42
 Anulom Vilom
The practice of Anulom Vilom before starting Pranayama cleans the nerves.
1. Close the right nostril with your thumb and draw in air from the left nostril. Do this as
slowly as you can, till your lungs are full.
2. Now release the thumb and close the left nostril with your ring finger. Then breathe out
slowly through the right nostril.
3. Next take the air in from the right nostril and then release it through the left nostril (after
closing the right nostril with the thumb).
4. This is one round of Anulom Vilom Pranayama.
The duration of inhalation and expiration depends entirely on the capacity of the practitioner.
Start with whatever you are comfortable with – say 4 seconds inhalation and 4 seconds
exhalation. Later it can be increased up to 20 seconds or even more.
Anulom Vilom Pranayama cleans the respiratory channels and makes the breath flows freely
in the entire body. The energy channels are purified. Purification of the respiratory channels
ensures proper supply of energy to all the organs enhancing the overall health of the body.
 Bhramari
Bhramar means bumble bee and the meaning of Pranayama is breathing technique so it can
also called “bee breath”. In Bhramari Pranayama the exhalation sound is very resembles to the
humming sound of a bee, by this it is named as Bhramari Pranayama.
1. Close your ears lids or flaps with your thumbs.
2. Place your index finger just above your eyebrows and the rest of your Fingers over
your eyes with your middle fingers.
3. Applying very gentle pressure to the sides of your nose.
4. Now concentrate your mind on the area between your eyebrows.
5. Keep your mouth closed; breathe out slowly through your nose with making a humming
sound of Om.
It gives instant relief from tension, anger and anxiety. It is a very effective breathing technique
for people suffering from hypertension as it calms down the agitated mind. This is the best
method to achieve concentration of mind.

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 Suryabhedana
By practicing Suryabhedana Pranayama we are seriously initiating the sun vitality or as it were
activating so as to make a leap forward of sun vitality the right nostril relaxing. Basic purpose
of the right nostril breathing is to increase the respiratory energy, physical energy and to
revitalize the body. It boosts the nervous system, especially the sympathetic nervous system
and also increases the efficiency of digestive system Right nostril represents physical energy
of body. Breathing through right nostril is important for many important metabolic processes.
1. Keep the head and spine erect with eye closed.
2. Shut your left nostril with ring finger and little finger.
3. Now breathe in (inhale) slowly and deeply through the right nostril.
4. After that, shut the right nostril with the thumb of right hand.
5. Then exhale through left nostril, along with keeping right nostril closed.
6. This is one cycle is completed.
This Pranayama activates the body functions. It is very helpful for increasing the digestive fire.
It destroys all diseases that are caused by insufficiency of oxygen in the blood. It helps alleviate
dullness, lethargy and depression. It is very effective for stress management.
 Chandrabhedana
Chandrabedana is just the opposite of Suryabhedana and activates the left nostril that is
associated with cooling aspect and the parasympathetic nervous system. Moon is the symbol
of coolness, so by doing this Pranayama we feel some coolness in our body. It is best and
effective breathing process for cooling down the body.
1. Keep the head and spine erect with eye closed.
2. Shut the right nostril with right hand thumb.
3. Now breathe in (inhale) slowly and deeply through your left nostril.
4. After that, shut the left nostril with ring finger and little finger.
5. Then exhale through right nostril, along with keeping left nostril closed.
6. This is one cycle is completed.
Chandrabhedana reduces body heat. It is useful in heart burning problems. It gives the
refreshment to the body and mind and kicked out the feeling of laziness. Mind becomes steady
by the daily practice of this Pranayama.

44
Shavasana
The name comes from the Sanskrit words Shava (शव) meaning corpse and Asana (आसन)
meaning "posture" or "seat". This pose gets its name from the recumbent posture of a dead
body.
Shavasana is a position of rest and relaxation, and is usually practiced towards the end of a
yoga session – a session that typically begins with activity and ends in rest; a space or pause
when deep healing can take place. Savasana might look like a nap at the end of your yoga
practice. But it’s actually a fully conscious pose aimed at being awake, yet completely relaxed.
1. Lie flat on your back, preferably without any props or cushions. Close your eyes.
2. Keep your legs comfortable apart and let your feet and knees relax completely, toes
facing to the sides.
3. Place your arms alongside, yet a little spread apart from your body. Leave your palms
open, facing upward.
4. Taking your attention to different body parts one by one, slowly relax your entire body.
5. Begin with bringing your awareness to the right foot, move on to the right knee (as you
complete one leg, move your attention on to the other leg), and so on, and slowly move
upwards to your head, relaxing each part of the body.
6. Keep breathing slowly, gently, and deeply. Allow your breath to relax you more and
more. The incoming breath energizes the body while the outgoing breath brings
relaxation. Drop all sense of hurry or urgency or any need to attend to anything else.
Just be with the body and the breath. Surrender the whole body to the floor and let go.
Make sure you don’t fall asleep.
7. After some time, about 10-20minutes when you feel fully relaxed, keeping your eyes
closed, slowly roll onto your right side. Lie in that position for a minute or so. Then,
taking the support of your right hand, gently sit up into a seated pose such as Sukhasana
(Easy Pose).
8. Keep your eyes closed and take a few deep breaths in and out as you gradually become
aware of your environment and the body. When you feel complete, slowly and gently
open your eyes.

45
Chartered Accountants sharing experience of
Yoga Sadhana
 Mr. Arvind Shridhar Joshi
Nature of job: Chartered Accountant in practice since last 28 years
Do you face any stress in the job because of which you are suffering from any ailments?
Job of CA is very stressful. Demanding clients, increase in work load due to ever changing
laws, unpredictable working hours, irregular lunch/ dinner timings and so on. This leads to
stress due to which psychosomatic diseases are natural guests for a CA. Also I was a lecturer
at a college for long 14 years. So double work including involvement in the work of RSS caused
a stress both physical as well as mental, which naturally invited Diabetes at an early age of 40.
Thereafter I undergone Angioplasty at the age of 46.
Why you got attracted towards Yoga and not other exercise?
Before my Angioplasty, in 2008 with reference of one of my friend, I visited Swami
Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhan Kendra at Bengaluru. Attended 8 days course on diabetes
which created a liking towards YOG. Also due to the effects I could feel due to practising of
Yoga I did not think of moving towards any other form of exercise. Basically YOG is not an
exercise, it is a practice which gives you a better feeling which relives you from mental stress
and keeps your body flexible.
Since when you are practicing Yoga?
I am practising Yoga since 2008.

46
Is Yogasadhana your part of daily routine? What does it include?
Since 2010 I am regularly attending daily at Sahayog Mandir batches conducted by Ghantali
Mitra Mandal under Stop Diabetes Movement. Asanas are my daily routine except when I am
out of station for my work, where it may not be possible to practise.
The practise includes Starting prayers, OMKAR sadhana, Sukshma Yog, Asana in sitting,
standing, prone postures followed by Pranayam and Shavasan/ Yognidra. Various types of
Asana which are beneficial for diabetes are mostly been preferred.
How Yoga is useful for overcoming the stress?
Yoga makes your body Flexible, revitalise the organs of body, calms your mind which leads to
changing ones mental attitude, and changes ones perspective of looking towards life. That
automatically helps in helping a person to train his/her mind to come out of stress. It does not
happen overnight, it is through practising/ Sadhana over a period and thus changing the life
style, guiding a person towards having a positive mind of looking towards life which in turn
leads to looking at everything in life positively.
What is your advice to the Chartered Accountants for fitness?
Every Chartered Accountant should practice Yoga not as a practice to relive from diseases but
for gaining physical and mental health. Not only for CAs, but stress is for everybody. Yoga
teaches you to accept the stress in the work and face the same with a positive mindset, which
in turn leads to have a positive health through revitalising and making flexible all the muscles
of your body. It helps in keeping a person cheerful throughout the day. Yoga is therefore a
health mantra for Chartered Accountants.
A Sanskrit shloka says “Samadhanaya Saukhyaya, Nirogatvaya Jivane
Yogmeva Bhyaset Pradnya, Yatha Shakti Nirantaram”’
It is therefore not to be practised for few days, should be continuous till the lifetime. It’s a
Sadhana and a mantra for a joyous, healthy and cheerful life.

47
 Mrs. Medha Girish Naik
Nature of job: Chartered Accountant in practice since last 30 years
Do you face any stress in the job because of which you are suffering from any ailments?
The due date diaries of any Chartered Accountant is hardly free for any fortnight during any
month of any year. The last minute details and records are made available by the clients and
their expectation is always to submit their Returns Cum Challans under various Acts or Laws
before due date, to avoid Interest and Penalty from Government Departments. Naturally to
safeguard the client we struggle hard, which completely damages our routine for the day, the
days start with Stress and also end with Stress. This story is not for one or two days in a month,
but it has become very common and routine.
This continuous stress has resulted in ailments like back pain, neck pain, etc.
Why you got attracted towards Yoga and not other exercise?
I had heard of Yoga. It is a kind of exercise which is good for body as well as mind. Yoga is
easy to perform as no difficult or fast movements are involved. Hence I decided to practice
Yoga over other form of physical exercise.
Since when you are practicing Yoga?
I am practising Yoga since 2003.
Is Yoga Sadhana your part of daily routine? What does it include?
I have been practicing Yoga at Gadakari Rangayatan centre of Ghantali Mitra Mandal. I have
completed Yoga Education Diploma course no. 22 of Ghantali Mitra Mandal. Currently I am
teaching Yoga at Gadakari Rangayatan centre. Therefore daily Yoga Sadhana has become part
of my practice that includes Asana, Pranayama and Shavasana.

48
How Yoga is useful for overcoming the stress and having a positive life?
Asana can serve the purpose of gaining physical fitness with ease and comfort. Practicing
Asana regularly would assure physical health. It can be said that Praynayama is a perfect
preventive or for that matter curative medicine against the stress or mental imbalance.
Pranayama with complete awareness and concentration would bring mental peace.
What is your advice to the Chartered Accountants for fitness?
Yoga Sadhana i.e., Asana, Pranayama and Yoga Nidra should be a part of daily routine. There
are a few techniques which may be performed when there is short of time e.g. one Surya
Namaskar consists of 12 Asana, when done with breath awareness, gives immense benefits.
Throughout the life we run to earn wealth, but in the process our health deteriorates. It is aptly
said that “Health is wealth”. So, let’s try to be healthy and fit by practicing Yoga.

49
Conclusion
Today the world is associated with the most tension giving elements such as competition,
deadlines, market conditions and above all the desire to reach high on the ladder. These four
elements are ultimately responsible to impair the harmonious interplay of body, mind and spirit
thereby leading to various health problems. On the other hand, yoga seems as an emerging
avenue for health and wealth. Yoga is an ultimate attempt for the fusion of embodied
consciousness with supreme consciousness.
Work related stress, respiratory problems, cardiac problems, digestive problems and
genitourinary problems are seen improved by the specific and regular Yoga practice.
Mechanisms underlying the modulating effects of yogic cognitive-behavioural practices.
Promotion of total health, happiness, harmony and four human intelligences- rational
intelligence, creative intelligence, emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence are side
benefits of Yoga practice. Yoga is a cost effective and common avenue to minimize medical
expenditure and maximize corporate performance and productivity. Regular practice of Yoga
is directly linked to wellness and optimal intelligence.
Thus, it can be concluded that Yoga is a cost-effective, eternal and universal means for wellness
and excellence that needs to be included as an indispensable part of lifestyle.
Let’s practice Yoga, love Yoga, live with Yoga & live happily forever.

50
Bibliography
 Speech of Hon. Prime Minister Narendra Modi on CA day (1st
July, 2017) -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cLvVlK7xK8I
 Books referred:
 “Anandayoga” by Yogacharya Shrikrishna Vyavahare
 “Know Yoga, Live Yoga” by Shrikrishna Mhaskar
 “Yoga for Health & Peace” by Sadashiv Nimbalkar
 “Anatomy and physiology of yogic practices” by Makarand Gore
 “New perspectives in Stress management” by Nagendra H.R. & Nagarathana
R.
 Journals referred:
 ICAI journals
 WIRC of ICAI journals
 Yogataranga issues of Ghantali Mitra Mandal

51
Personal information
 Name: Mr. Saurabh Rajendra Wagle
 Date of birth: 24th
December, 1993
 Educational qualification:
Qualification Institute / University
Chartered Accountant Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), New Delhi
Certified Information System Auditor
(CISA)
Information Systems Audit and Control
Association (ISACA), USA
Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com.) University of Mumbai
 Profession: Chartered Accountant
 Address: 201, Shree Mangalya CHS, Swami Vivekananda Road, Near Saraswati
Secondary school, Naupada, Thane (West) 400602
 Contact information:
o Mobile no.: 9029015286, 8169036861
o E-mail ID: ca.saurabhwagle@gmail.com

52
 Yoga qualification:
o Completed 1 Month “Yoga For Beginners” course conducted by Ghantali Mitra
Mandal at Gadakari Rangayatan, Thane
o Completed “Yoga Teacher’s Diploma” course of Ghantali Mitra Mandal
 Other achievements:
o Won Student Article competition – SAFA category conducted by Institute of
Chartered Accountants of Sri Lanka (South Asian level competition)
o Won 3rd Prize in The Dastur Essay Competition conducted by The Chamber of
Tax Consultants (National level Essay competition)
o Presented papers in National Convention for CA students organized by ICAI at
various places across India
o Delivered lecture in BCAS Student Study Circle Meeting
o Secured a rank in ‘Know Your Economy Test’ conducted by Forum of Free
Enterprise
 Hobbies & Interests:
o Travelling
o Trekking
o Reading books
o Interest in Economics & International relationships
 Family background:
o Residing in Thane since 2005
o School: M. H. High school, Thane; College: R. A. Podar college, Mumbai
o Mother: Mrs. Surekha Wagle – Works in MTNL
o Father: Mr. Rajendra Wagle – Works in Bombay Dyeing Ltd.
o Sister: Ms. Samruddhi Wagle – Works in Infosys Ltd.

53
Acknowledgement
 My mother who constantly motivated and supported for Yoga Sadhana
 Ambekar Guruji and Bhandari Guruji who guided to enrol for the diploma course
 All Yoga teachers who have helped to complete the diploma course
 Our group teacher (Group no. 6) – Mrs. Rupali Supe and Our Course teacher – Mrs.
Suvarna Kelkar
 All the group members & other Sadhaks of the batch
 Anna Vyavahare Guruji and Mhaskar Guruji – The torchbearers of Ghantali Mitra
Mandal
I am thankful to all who have guided, supported and motivated to continue Yoga Sadhana.

Chartered Accountant & Yoga

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