2014 PV Distribution System Modeling Workshop: Communications and control – Autonomous and Central Control: Bill Reaugh, KACO New Energy

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Communications & Control – Autonomous vs. Central Control
PV Distribution System Modeling Worksho 3-1-Advanced
Inverter Talk 5-6-2014.pdf p
Santa Clara, CA, May 6th, 2014
Bill Reaugh, Sr. Director, Product Management, KACO new energy - Americas

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Contents
1 KACO new energy introduction
2 Autonomous vs. Central Control
3 International Grid Standards Comparisons
4 HMI/MMI Details
5 Summary

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KACO new energy Introduction
Third largest inverter manufacturer worldwide
More than 1000 employees globally
Manufacturing on 3 continents – including the USA
Cooperating with 67 service partners in 34 countries
Global production capacity of 10 GW
100 years of experience in designing and
manufacturing power conversion devices

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THE AMERICAS
Canada
USA
Mexico
Central America
South America
EUROPE, AFRICA
Germany
Greece
Spain
Italy
France
UK
South Africa
ASIA, MID EAST
South Korea
China
Japan
Australia
Dubai
Saudi Arabia
Israel
Global presence

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Product line introduction
KACO new energy inverter families are diverse and extensive
The product range covers systems from residential homes to megawatt solar farms
KACO new energy offers solutions for all relevant regions and markets
blueplanet 2002 blueplanet 10.0 TL3 blueplanet 72.0 TL3 blueplanet XP550U-TL
Global inverter solutions
blueplanet IPS11345

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US Manufacturing – San Antonio, TX
KACO new energy, San Antonio, TX
60,000 square foot manufacturing facility
Baseline of 400 MW annual production capacity
Creating LOCAL jobs in solar – anticipated 70 this year
Providing a great reference project with CPS Energy

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Contents
1 KACO new energy introduction
2 Autonomous vs. Central Control
3 International Grid Standards Comparisons
4 HMI/MMI Details
5 Summary

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Central vs. Autonomous Control
 Autonomous Control
– Locally monitor voltage/frequency to determine operating point
– Based on pre-defined algorithms to maintain desired operating
state
– Advantage: Speed of reaction
– Disadvantage: Limited to detection point
 Central Control
– Dictates point of operation
– From the POV of the command center is autonomous
 Only Centralized from the POV of downstream devices
– Advantage: Larger view of system
– Disadvantage: Communication latency

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Typically Implemented Controls
 Anti-Islanding
– IEEE 1547/UL 1741
 Fault Ride Through
– Voltage and Frequency support to prevent blackouts
 Volt-VAr
– Q(V), fixed Q, fixed pf, schedule based
 Power-Frequency
– P(Δf/fn),
 Curtailment
– Includes Ramp Rate, schedule based
 Operating Status
– Directed Shutdown, Equipment Fault Status, Available Capacity

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Communications Methods
System operatorUtilityProjectInverter
ProtocolPhysicalLayer
ModBus TCP,
RS485, WiFi,
Zigbee, Digital
I/O
Cat5/6/7, Fiber
Optic, Wireless
DNP3, Ripple
Controller, PLC
Internet
Standards, Utility
conductors
DNP3, Others
ECN, similar
networks

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Project Diagram

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Market
Enterprise
Operation
Station
Field
Process
Transmission Energy
Market Clearinghouse
ISO/RTO/TSO
Balancing Authority
Hierarchical DER System Five-Level Architecture, in SGAM Format
Level 4: Distribution Utility Operational
Analysis and Control for Grid Operations
DER Management
System (DERMS)
Distribution
Management
System (DMS)
Outage
Management
System (OMS)
System to
Establish Demand
Response (DR)
Pricing
Transmission
Bus Load
Model (TBLM)
“DER SCADA”
System for Control &
Monitoring
Utility Grid
Facilities
Site Loads
Circuit breaker
Meter and
PCC
Level 2: Facilities DER Energy
Management System (FDEMS)
Level 1: Autonomous
cyber-physical DER
systems
Level 5: Transmission and Market Interactions
Facilities DER Energy
Management Systems
(FDEMS)
Facilities Site WAN/LAN
Utility WAN/LAN
Facilities DER Energy
Management Systems
(FDEMS)
Facilities DER and Load
Energy Management
System
PV
Equipment
Electric
Vehicle
PV Controller
Electric Vehicle
Supply Equipment
Battery
Storage
Controller
Battery
Diesel
Generator
Diesel
Controller
Distributed Energy Resources (DER) Customer PremisesTransmission Distribution
ECP ECPECPECP
Geographic
Information
System (GIS)
Energy
Management
System (EMS)
Level 3: Utility and REP
ICT Information &
Communications
Retail Energy
Provider (REP) and/
or DER Aggregator
Demand
Response
(DR) System
REP DER & Load
Management
System
Facilities Load
Management
Distribution Energy
Market Clearinghouse
Retail Energy Market
Clearinghouse
System Diagram

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Contents
1 KACO new energy introduction
2 Autonomous vs. Central Control
3 International Grid Standards Comparisons
4 HMI/MMI Details
5 Summary

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International grid codes
Korea
Germany (NEON)
Italy (ENEL)
Spain
Austria
France
Greece
USACzech Mexico
China South Africa

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 Number of processes
 "Same" processes not the same in various standards
Standard VDE-AR-N
4105
BDEW
MS-RL
CEI 0-21 Calif Rule 21
Q fixed X X X X
Cos ϕ fixed X X X X
Cos ϕ (P) X X X
Q(V) X X X
Control
technology
X X
Autonomous and Central control examples

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Most common inverter level autonomous control; may require coordination with plant
level anti-islanding and ride through settings.
Grid
Inverter
Load
Blackout
Voltage Current
Frequency
Blackout
Voltage Current
Frequency
Grid
Inverter
Load
Simulation results without anti-islanding control Simulation results with KACO’s anti-islanding control
Anti-islanding

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Grafik FRT Übersicht
Ride through of voltage drops

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Q(V) Function programming

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P&Q Curve of inverter

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BDEW MS-RL VDE-AR-N 4105
CFE MV CEI 0-21
Overfrequency based power reduction

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Contents
1 KACO new energy introduction
2 Autonomous vs. Central Control
3 International Grid Standards Comparisons
4 HMI/MMI Details
5 Summary

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• Human- and Machine-Machine Interfaces
• Local Display or Remote Computer Terminal
• PV array, Inverter, Utility Input Monitoring & Control
• Local Data Storage
• Multiple Language options
• TCP, RS232, RS485, USB, Wi-Fi interface
PV, Inverter, Grid
Monitoring History Setup
Parameter Setting
Statistics
Statistic data of year,
month, day
The fault & event record
of inverter
Human- and Machine-Machine Interfaces

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Central Command Interface
• Fully documented Modbus
solution
• SunSpec v103 and V113 read
• SunSpec R12 command map
• Ethernet interface

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Control Implementation

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Contents
1 KACO new energy introduction
2 Autonomous vs. Central Control
3 International Grid Standards Comparisons
4 HMI/MMI Details
5 Summary

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Summary
Function Inverter Plant Utility System Operator
Anti-Islanding Auto - - -
Fault Ride Through Auto - - -
Volt-VAr Auto/Cent Auto/Cent Auto/Cent Auto
Power Frequency Auto/Cent Auto/Cent Auto/Cent Auto
Curtailment Cent Cent Auto/Cent Auto
Operating Status Cent Cent Auto -
 Implementation of a function as Autonomous or Central depends on
project specific requirements
 Multiple function definitions across regions require more flexible (and
costly) equipment to accommodate all needs.

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Thank you very much!
Bill Reaugh
Sr. Director, Product Management
KACO new energy - USA