depression and its feature

1. Academic writing
 Name- sandeep kumar
 Student Id-
f156d8d9f30211e9887eb76
6d5ee6e23
 Affiliation- Banaras Hindu
University

2. acknowledgement
 Academic writing

3. Understanding
Depression

4. What causes Depression?
Family History
Having family members who have
depression may increase a person’s
risk
Deficiencies of certain chemicals in
the brain may lead to depression

5. Major Life Changes
Negative or particularly
stressful events can trigger
depression. Examples include
the death of a loved one or a
job change.
Major Illnesses such as heart
attack, stroke or cancer may
trigger depression.

6. Certain medications used
alone or in combination can
cause side effects much like
the symptoms of depression.
Use of Alcohol or other Drugs
can lead to or worsen
depression.
Depression can also occur for
no apparent reason at all!

7. Symptoms of Depression
Vary from person to
person
2 key signs are loss of
interest in things you
like to do, and
pervasive sadness or
irritability

8. Additional Signs include:
 Changes in feelings such as:
 Feeling empty
 Inability to enjoy anything
 Hopelessness
 Loss of sexual desire
 Loss of warm feelings for family or friends
 Feelings of self blame or guilt
 Loss of self esteem
 Inexplicable crying spells, sadness or
irritability

9. Changes in behavior and
attitude
 These may include:
 General slowing down
 Neglect of responsibilities and appearance
 Poor memory
 Inability to concentrate
 Suicidal thoughts and feelings
 Difficulty making decisions

10. Physical Complaints
 These may include:
 Sleep disturbances such as
insomnia, early morning waking,
or sleeping too much
 Lack of energy
 Loss of appetite
 Weight loss or gain
 Unexplained headaches or
backaches
 Stomachaches, indigestion or

11. Common Types of Depression
Major Depression
Dysthymia
Bipolar Disorder
Seasonal Affective Disorder
(SAD)

12. Major Depression
 This type causes symptoms that may:
 Begin suddenly, possibly triggered by a loss,
crisis or stressful change
 Interfere with normal functioning
 Continue for months or years
 It is possible for a person to have only one
episode of major depression. However, It is
more common for episodes to be long lasting
or to recur several times during a person’s life

13. Dysthymia
People with this illness may be
consistently and mildly depressed
for years. They function fairly well
on a daily basis, but their
relationships and self esteem suffer
over time.

14. Bipolar Disorder (A.K.A. Manic-Depression)
 People with this type of illness change back and
forth between periods of depression and
periods of mania (an extreme high, sometimes
with agitation or irritability).
 Symptoms of mania may include:
 Less need for sleep
 Overconfidence
 Racing thoughts
 Reckless behavior
 Increased energy
 Mood changes are often gradual, but can be
sudden

15. Season Affective Disorder
 This is depression that coincides with
changes in the season. Most cases
begin in the fall or winter, when there is
a decrease in sunlight
(more common in regions
farther north)
 Less often, depression
can occur in late Spring
or summer

16. Professional treatment is
helpful for all these types of
depression.

17. Psychotherapy
 Counseling can help many depressed people
understand, accept and feel better about
themselves. People also learn more effective
ways of coping with life’s adversities and
difficulties. For example:
 Interpersonal therapy works to change how
people how to accept self and relate to
others that affects mood and self-worth.
 Cognitive therapy helps people change
negative thinking, behavior patterns and
attitudes that affect self esteem and overall
sense of well being.

18. Medical Treatment for Depression
 Medication
 Antidepressants are an option (most often for
more severe cases) that can help ease the
symptoms of depression and return a person
to a better level of functioning. Medication is
often crucial for cases of bipolar (typically a
mood stabilizer).
Antidepressants are not habit forming and
generally have minimal
side effects.