All local anaesthetic

1. Sandeep.A.C
Final year
B.pharm

2. CONTENTS
 Definition
 Introduction
 Properties
 Advantages and Disadvsntages
 Classification
 Mechanism of action
 Pharmacology
 Pharmacokinetics
 Adverse effects
 Uses

5. DEFINITION
It is defined as a loss of sensation in a
circumscribed area of the body caused by a
depression of excitation in nerve endings or an
inhibition of the conduction process in peripheral
nerves.

7. PROPERTIES OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS
1. Non irritating to tissue to which it is applied
2. Not cause any permanent alteration of nerve
structure
3. Its systemic toxicity should be low
4. It must be effective regardless of whether it is
injected into the tissue or applied locally to
mucous membranes
5. Time of onset of anesthesia should be short
6. The duration of action should be long enough to
permit the completion of procedure
7.It should have the potency sufficient to give
complete anesthesia with out the use of harmful
concentrated solutions
8.It should be free from producing allergic reactions
9.It should be free in solution and relatively undergo
biotransformation in the body
10.It should be either sterile or be capable of being
sterilized by heat with out deterioration

16. PHARMACOKINETICS
UPTAKE
All local anesthetics produce vasodilation except
cocaine.
Vasodilation
Increase rate of absorption
Decrease duration & quality of pain control
Increase in anesthetic blood level
Toxicity

17. small concentration.
urine as parent compoundurine as parent compound
Esters
Amides
pseudocholi
nesterase