This presentation contains the philosophy behind Jainism and the details on a certain circuit.

1. JAINISM &
TOURISM CIRCUIT
BY- SALONI BANSAL
Amity Institute of Travel & Tourism, Amity university Kolkata
Semester-1, Batch- 2019-2021

2. Introduction
The Universe is eternal, but goes through a cycle continuously.
Time consist of 2 periods:
Ascending (utsarpinee) & descending (avasarpini)
In these 2 cycles which are repeated over and over again, 24 Jinas have
come into existence.
The first jina is believed to have appeared about 6 trillion years ago.
The universe has living beings (jiva) and non- living beings(ajiva).
Karma is based on a Jiva’s interaction with other Jiva and Ajiva

3. The hand with a wheel on the palm
symbolizes Ahiṃsā in Jainism.
The word in the middle is ahiṃsā.
The wheel represents the dharmachakra,
which stands for the resolve to halt
the saṃsāra (transmigration) through
relentless pursuit of truth and non-violence.
NON-VIOLENCE

4. Jain Fundamentals (1/2)
• Who Created the Universe:
• No one; Matter changes
• Purpose of Life:
• Help each other; Realize one’s own full potential; To
manage one’s passions;
• Who controls your actions
• We are responsible for our own actions
• How do we become happy
• By managing our passions (anger, greed, ego, pride)
• Human Suffering is due to:
• We are unable to understand our true nature

5. Jain Fundamentals (2/2)
• Is there reincarnation:
• Yes – until we reach full realization
• Is there a Jain “bible”
• Yes.
• Tolerance for other religions:
• Yes. Respect and understand other faiths
• Why do we pray?
• To celebrate the qualities of perfect Soul
• Science
• Strong correlation with other religions

6. “Soul - God” – Each
living being has a
Soul; God is a fully
enlightened Soul.
Each Soul is capable
of becoming God.

7. Jain Philosophy
02
Cosmology
Jain cosmology is the
description of the
shape and
functioning of the
Universe (loka) and
its constituents (such
as living beings,
matter, space,
time,etc.) according
to Jainism
03
Ahimsa
Ahimsa, (Sanskrit:
“noninjury) in the
Indian religions of
Jainism, Hinduism
and Buddhism, the
ethical principle of not
causing harm to other
living things. In
Jainism, ahimsa is
the standard by which
all actions are judged.
04
Samsara
Some jivas have
achieved liberation
from the cycle of
samsara or
reincarnation and are
not reborn. They are
called siddhas.
01
Anekāntavāda
In sanskrit i implies-
“ non- one-
sidedness or many-
sidedness’
In Jainism it is an
assumption that any
entity is enduring
but also undergoing
change that is both
constant and
inevitable.

8. Jain Philosophy
06
Moksha
In Jainism, moksha is
the highest and the
noblest objective that
the soul should try to
achieve.
07
Keval Gyana
Keval gyana or keval
jnana means
omniscience in
Jainism and is
roughly translated as
complete
understanding or
supreme wisdom.
08
Dravya
Dravya means
substance or entity.
They believe,
universe is made up
of six eternal
substances: souls
(jiva), non-sentient
substance or matter
(pudgata), principle of
motion (dharma), the
principle of rest (ad
05
Karma &
Dharma
In Jainism Dharma
refers to:
1.Religion
2. Dharma as a
dravya
3. the true nature of a
thing
4. Ten virtues like
forgiveness,etc. also
called Ten forms of
Dharma.

9. Jain Philosophy
10
Bhramacharya
Brahmacharya is one
of the five major vows
prescribed for the
sravaka (layman) and
ascetics in Jainism.
For those JAins who
adopt the path of
monks, celibacy in
action, words and
thoughts is expected.
11
Aparigraha
It is one of the five
vows that both
householders
(Sravaka) and
ascetics must
observe. This Jain
vow is the principle of
limiting one’s
possessions
(parimita-parigraha)
and limiting one’s
desires (iccha-
parimana)
12
Gunasthana
According to Jainism,
it is a state of soul
from a complete
dependence on
karma to the state of
complete dissociation
from it. Here the word
“virtue” does not
mean an ordinary
moral quality but it
stands for the nature
of soul- knowledge,
belief and conduct
09
Tattva
Jain philosophy
explains that seven
tattvas (truths or
fundamental
principles) constitute
reality.These are-
jiva, ajiva, āsrava,
bandha, samvara,
nirjara & moksha.
The knowledge of
these reals is said to
be essential for the
liberation of the soul.

10. RISHABHA PARSVA MAHAVIRA
Major
Figures
➔ He was the first of twenty-four
teachers in the present half-
cycle of time in Jain
cosmology.
➔ Other names- Adinatha, Adish
Jina (first conqueror), Adi
Purush (first Perfect Man),
Ikshvaku.
➔ He is one of the earliest
tirthankaras who are
acknowledged as historical
figures.
➔ He was the earliest exponent of
Karma philosophy in the
recorded history.
➔ the twenty-fourth tirthankara
who revived and reorganized
Jainism.
➔ He expounded the spiritual,
philosophical and ethical
teachings of the previous
tirthankaras from the remote
pre-Vedic era.
➔ the first Tirthankara of Jainism
and the founder of Ikshvaku
dynasty.
➔ Parshvanatha also known as
Parshva and Paras, was the
23rd of 24 tirthankars of
Jainism.
➔ Mahavira, also known
as Vardhamana, was

11. ARIHANT
GANADHARA KUNDAKUNDA
Major
Figures
➔ Acharya Kundakunda was
a Digambara Jain monk
and philosopher, who is
still revered.
➔ He occupies the highest
place in the tradition of
the Digambara Jain
acharyas.
➔ In Jainism, the term Ganadhara
is used to refer the chief
disciple of a Tirthankara.
➔ Ganadhara interpret and
mediate to other people the
divine sound (divyadhwani)
which the Jains claim emanates
from Tirthankara's body when
he preaches.
➔ Arihant is a soul who has
conquered inner passions such
as attachment, anger, pride and
greed.
➔ An arihant is also called a jina
("victor"). At the end of their life,
arihants destroy remaining
karmas and attain moksha and
become siddhas.

12. Major Figures
THE 24 TIRTHANKARASName of tirthankars.
1. RISHABHA
2. AJITANATHA
3. SAMBHAVANATHA
4. ABHINANDANANATHA
5. SUMATINATHA
6. PADMAPRABHA
7. SUPARSHVANATHA
8. CHANDRAPRABHA
9. PUSHPADANTA
10. SHITALANATHA
11. SHREYANSANATHA
12. VASUPUJYA
13. VIMALANATHA
14. ANANTANATHA
15. DHARMANATHA
16. SHANTINATHA
17. KUNTHUNATHA
18. ARANATHA
19. MALLINATHA
20. MUNISUVRATA
21. NAMINATHA
22. NEMINATHA
23. PARSHVA
24. MAHAVIRA

13. Jain Festivals/
Parvs
• Mahavir’s Birthday:
Mahavir Jayanti
• Mahavir’s Nirvan
Celebration:
• Diwali, New year, October or
November.
• Paryshan Parv:
• Remembering and Practicing
the qualities of the Soul
Mahavir Jayanti:
late march or
early april.
Paryshan Parv:
In the month of
august or
September.

14. • Non-Violence (Ahimsa)
• Strengthens the autonomy of life of every
being; Ahimsa - diet, fellow being,
environment, thoughts and actions
• Non-One-Sidedness (Anekantavad)
• Strengthens the autonomy of thought of every
individual
• Non-Possession (Aparigraha)
• Strengthens the interdependence of all and
share limited resources
Essence of Jainism
in Thoughts/Speech/Action …

15. “Validated” Treasure in Jainism
• Non-Violence
• Filtered/boiled water
• Jain mathematics
• Plant life & Environmentalism
• Equality towards women
• Animal Protection
• Molecules and atoms
• Compassionate diet/
Vegetarianism
• Meditation and Yoga – mind
“More than
2500 Years old…”

16. QUALITIES OF SOUL
Everlasting
Sentience
Omniscience

17. Liberation
Liberation
Omniscience
Knowledge Covering
Intuition Covering
View Deluding
Sensation
Body
Status
Obstructive
Life span

18. Choice: Circle of Life or Moksha
Circle of Life
Moksha
and “Death”

19. eastern schools:
cycle of life/death - nirvana
western schools:
linearity of life cycle
enlightenmen
t
Karma & Reincarnation
birth: pure
state
death
heaven
hell
cycle of
life/death
elimination
of
karmic
bondage
nirvana

20. Different Core
External god controls you
Religion/philosophy/science
separate
Linear nature of life/death
As you sow so you reap on
judgement day
Eastern Schools:Western Schools:
God is the soul – within you
Karma determine your
next life
Cyclic nature of life/death -
nirvana
Religion and philosophy
are intertwined

21. A profound truth for all times
“One who neglects or disregards the existence
of earth, air, fire, water and vegetation,
disregards his own existence which is
entwined with them”
- Lord Mahavir (599-527 BC)

22. Vardamana Mahavira
He revived and reorganized Jainism. He expounded the spiritual,ethical and
philosophical teachings of the previous tirthankaras from the remote pre-
Vedic era. Although it is universally accepted by scholars of Jainism that
Mahavira lived in ancient India, the details of his life and the year of his birth
are subjects of debate.
01
it is known that Mahavira was born in the early part of the 6th century BCE
into a royal Kshatriya Jain family in present-day Bihar, India. He abandoned
all worldly possessions at the age of 30 and left home in pursuit of spiritual
awakening, becoming an ascetic.
02
Mahavira practiced intense meditation and severe austerities for 12 years,
after which he is believed to have attained Kevala Jnana (omniscience). He
preached for 30 years and is believed by Jains to have attained moksha in
the 6th century BC, although the year varies by sect.
03
Mahavira is usually depicted in a sitting or standing meditative posture,
with the symbol of a lion beneath him. His earliest iconography is from
archaeological sites in the North Indian city of Mathura, and is dated from
the 1st century BCE to the 2nd century CE. His birth is celebrated as
Mahavir Janma Kalyanak, and his nirvana is observed by Jains as Diwali.
04

23. JAINISM CIRCUITS
OF
INDIA

24. Circuit
by
Map:
BIHAR
NALANDA
PATNA
ARRAH
BHAGALPUR
JAMUI
VAISHALI

25. DETAILS ON JAIN CIRCUIT OF BIHAR (1/2)
The Cradle of luminous Jain Spiritual souls lies in Bihar. Bihar is the sacred destination as the birthplace of the 12th
Tirthankar “Vasupujya” and 24th Tirthankar Mahavira.
★ PATNA-
Kamaldah :In the area called Kamaldah in Patna is a high mound of brick ruins on which stand two Jain temples of
medieval period. On one of them is an inscription dated 1792 AD which records that the temple was constructed by the
whole congregation living at “Patliputra” and dedicated to Sri Sthulabhadra.
★ VAISHALI-
one of the most ancient and famous sites in India. It has been identified with the modern village of Basarh as the birth
place of Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism (599-527 BC). The Jain, both Swetambars and Digambars state that
Vardhamana Mahavir was the son of Siddhartha of “Kundpura” or “Kundgrama”, a suburb of Vaishali.
★ BHAGALPUR-
Champanagar :Parasnath - A western suburb of the Bhagalpur town is present known as Champanagar. In Kalpa-sutra
champa is mentioned as one of the place where Tirthankar Mahavira stayed for three rainy seasons in the course of his
religious wanderings. According to Jain manuscript “Vasupujya” (12th Jain Tirthankar) is said to be born at
Champanagar and achieved all five “Sanskaras” as per Jain prevalent.
Mandar Hills :Situated at 700 ft isolated hill of Mandar is said to be the Nirvana place of 12th Jain Tirthankar Vasupujya
Ji. A Jain temple is built at the top of this hill to commemorate the sacred event. There are two image, one is of red stone
and second is of bronze. People from different part of world come to this place to worship the path of Jainism.

26. DETAILS ON JAIN CIRCUIT OF BIHAR (2/2)
★ JAMUI-
Lacchaur is situated about 7 kms south of Sikandara in Jamui district. Two Jain Temples, known as “Muth Buddhroop” a
“Muth Purusnath” situated some 5kms south of the village in a picturesque valley between two parallel ranges of hill.
★ NALANDA-
Pawapuri- The 24th Tirthankara Mahavira is believed to have attained Nirvana at Pawapuri. The temple is also famous as
Jal Mandir.
Samosaran- It is believed that 24th the last Tirthankara Mahavira delivered the first and last sermon to his disciples.
Rajgir- As Rajgir is situated between five hills and Jain temples are situated in every hilltop. Rajgir is said to be very close
relation with Jain Culture and mythology. Son Bhandar, Veerayatan, Maniyar Math, Kundalpur are some of the sacred places
situated in this region.
★ ARRAH-
Bisram-
It is said that lord Mahavira, the last Jain Tirthankar, took rest for some time at this place during his wanderings. Hence this
place is called Bisram (rest). The Jain from every part of the country visit this place throughout the year. The temple contains
an idol of the Lord Mahavira. There are about 45 jain Temples at Arrah.
Masar -
The village is situated about 9 kms south west of Arrah town. There is an ancient Jain temple dedicated Parsavanatha and
contains eight images, some of which belong to 1386 AD and temple was completed in the year 1819 AD, as seen from the
inscriptions on each of them. Annual pooja at this temple takes place in the month of Shravana when thousand of Jains visit
this place and do their Prayer/Bandana.

27. JAI JINENDRA!
Thank you