An endoscopy involves examining the inside of a person's body using an endoscope. An endoscope is a medical device consisting of a long, thin, flexible (or rigid) tube which has a light and a video camera. Images of the inside of the patient's body can be seen on a screen. The whole endoscopy is recorded so that doctors can check it again. Endoscopy is a minimally invasive diagnostic medical procedure. It is used to examine the interior surfaces of an organ or tissue.

1. SHORT HISTORY OF ENDOSCOPY
Reports indicate that the first endoscope was devised in 1805. It
consisted of a large tube and a candle. Because it was cumbersome
and large it had very limited uses. Fiber optics, which appeared in the
1960s, was a major factor in the endoscopy revolution. With fiber
optics it really became possible for the doctor to see and record the
inside of the patient's body with a small and relatively painless device.
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2. WHAT IS ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY?
Endoscopic surgery uses scopes going through small incisions or
natural body openings in order to diagnose and treat disease.
Endoscopic surgery uses scopes going through small incisions or
natural body openings in order to diagnose and treat disease.
Another popular term is minimally invasive surgery (MIS), which
emphasizes that diagnosis and treatments can be done with reduced
body cavity invasion.
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3. TYPES OF ENDOSCOPIES
Here is a list of some types of endoscopies and their meanings:
 Amnioscopy - examination of the amniotic cavity and fetus.
 Arthroscopy - examination of the joints.
 Bronchoscopy - examination of the air passages and the lungs.
 Colonoscopy - examination of the colon.
 Colposcopy - examination of the cervix and the tissues of the vagina and vulva.
 Cystoscopy - examination of the urinary bladder.
 EGD (Esophageal Gastroduodenoscopy), also known as panendoscopy -
examination of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum.
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4.  ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography) -
examination of the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas.
 Fetoscopy - examination of the fetus.
 Laparoscopy - a small incision to examine the abdominal cavity.
 Laryngoscopy - examination of the back of the throat, including
the voice box (larynx) and vocal cords.
 Proctoscopy - examination of the rectum and the end of the
colon.
 Rhinoscopy - examination of the inside of the nose.
 Thoracoscopy - examination of the lungs or other structures in
the chest cavity.
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5. EQUIPMENT IS NEEDED?
Endoscopic surgery requires specialized equipment to illuminate and
view the surgical site. Endoscopic surgery routinely uses rigid
scopes, whereas flexible scopes tend to be reserved for diagnostic
examinations and biopsies of tubular structures, e.g. the upper
intestinal tract being examined with a gastroscope. Depending on the
site of surgery, specialized trocar and sheaths are used to protect the
scope and provide a conduit for terminal instrumentation.
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6. WHAT ARE THE COMPLICATIONS OF AN ENDOSCOPY?
According to the National Health Service (NHS), UK, less than 1% of endoscopies have
complications. When they do occur, they may include:
 An infection, possibly somewhere along the path of the endoscope.
 Piercing or tearing of an organ. This may require subsequent surgery. This article explains how
tears and perforations caused by endoscopy can be fixed without invasive surgery.
 Bleeding more than normally expected. This may require subsequent surgery.
 An allergy to the anesthetic. Antihistamines may be used to treat this.
The following signs may indicate an infection has developed after the endoscopy:
 Redness
 Swelling
 Fluid or pus discharge
 Pain
 Temperature (fever)
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7. MBBS - OCTOBER 1995-BHARATI VIDYAPEETH'S MEDICAL
COLLEGE, PUNE, INDIA
FCPS (General Surgery) - SEPTEMBER 2000, MUMBAI, INDIA
(FELLOW OF COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS)
DNB (General Surgery) - MAY 2001-KING EDWARD MEMORIAL
HOSPITAL, PUNE, INDIA (DIPLOMATE OF NATIONAL BOARD, NEW
DELHI)
MNAMS - MEMBER OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL
SCIENCES, NEW DELHI
Contact Details:
Laparoscopic Surgery Clinic, Parihar Chowk,
Aundh,
Pune, M maharashtra 411007
Mobile : 91+98 22 00 94 90
Email : doctorsanjaykolte@gmail.com
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DR. SANJAY KOLTE