2. • RG evolved an attempt to build an alternative to
classic Transformational Grammar in which syntactic
functions such as subject, direct objects, and indirect
object are central rather than epiphonemal.
Although phrase-structure representations of
sentences built around lexical categories such as
noun, verb, and preposition were abandoned, the
transformation idea, which involved primarily
changing the position within a sentence of noun
phrases (NPs) and other constituents, was retained in
the form of revaluations.
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3. LEXICAL-FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR
it is a constraint-based grammar framework in theoretical linguistics.
LFG is made up of multiple dimensions. Each of these dimensions is presented as a
distinct structure with its own rules, concept and form.
The representations of grammatical functions (F-STRUCTURE)
The structure of syntactic constituents.
It is a model of grammar that provides a framework for examining both morphological
structures and syntactic structures. Also known as psychologically realistic grammar.
LFG- was developed by Joan Bresnan and Roland Kaplan in the early 80’s
It is a restricted, mathematically tractable notations for which simple, psychologically
plausible processing mechanisms can be defined.
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LEXICAL-FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR 3
4. “
”
EXAMPLE: EVERY BOY HAS A BIKE
EVERY- DETERMINER
BOY- NOUN
HAS- VERB
HAS A BIKE – NOUN PHRASE
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5. • Example: The old woman eats the falafel.
C-structure analysis – this sentence is made up of two pieces, a noun
phrase (NP) and a verb phrase (VP). The (VP) it itself made up of two
pieces, a verb (V) and another noun phrase. ( The structure is composed
of the words out of which sentence is constructed.
F-structure analysis – treats the sentence as being composed of
attributes, which includes features such as numbers and tense or
functional units such as subjects, predicate, or object.
• Displays certain additional kinds of information.
• Most important in the F-Structure is the labelling of grammatical
relations like subject and object (these are called grammatical
functions in LFG.)
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6. • Lexical Functional Grammar recognizes two different
kinds of syntactic structures: the outer, visible
hierarchical organization of words into phrases, and
the inner, more abstract hierarchical organization of
grammatical functions into complex functional
structures.
• Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG) is a model for the
analysis of language in which different types of
linguistic information are represented in separate
dimensions, each with its own formalism. These
dimensions are linked by mapping principles. In this
article,
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8. OTHER STRUCTURE HYPOTHESIZED
IN LFG WORK
• ARGUMENT STRUCTURE (A-STRUCTURE)
• SEMANTIC STRUCTURE (S-STRUCTURE)
• INFORMATION STRUCTURE (I-STRUCTURE)
• MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE (M-STRUCTURE)
• PHONOLOGICAL STRUCTURE (P-STRUCTURE)
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PRESENTATION TITLE
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9. ARC PAIR GRAMMAR
APG – is the kind of evolutionary alternative to RG.
• It focuses on the formalism relational networks (with labeled arcs) as a
device for representing linguistic structure, while maintaining most of the
basic RG assumptions about clause structure and grammatical relations.
Various new relations are posited, so as to deal with such things as
coordination, anaphora, the internal relational structure of words with
inflectional morphemes, and such constituents as PPs which RG, in
practice, simply treats nondistinct representationally from other so-called
“nominal” dependents clause. Primitive relations between arcs
(particularly, sponsor and erase) are also explicity recognized and
represented in such a way as to allow for new alternative phenomena.
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ARC PAIR GRAMMAR
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