The health Disparities factors in diabetes of Black- African American women and white- non Hispanic women all under the age of 30.   By: Talia Powell HNSC 3184 Introduction/Problem Topic: The psychosocial factor in diabetes of Black African American women and White –Non Hispanic women. This topic is important to consider because diabetes is a lifelong disease. This disease is essential within health disparities because not all women may receive access to health care. “ Women are considered a vulnerable population” meaning women are naturally powerfulness when it comes to certain aspects of the world. Melkus, Whittemore & Mitchell (2009) We are open, and sensitive human beings that express themselves through emotions but when it comes to our health most of us women fight to be healthy at all times. The difference in diabetes of women of colored(Black) and white(non-Hispanic) are contradicted by psychosocial characteristics of women. This opening statement may be a broad and controversial statement to most women because some feel as though they are strong and unstoppable which I agreed. The study will show the difference in diabetes in black and white women and how it effects their psychosocial factors. The Literature review will discuss the psychosocial affects diabetes has on both race of women, the stress women has to deal with type 2 diabetes and the difference in race as to why women develop diabetes. Literature Review Psychosocial factors of Diabetes in Black African American women and White non- Hispanic women. There are many factors that plays an essential role in a depression, confidence and support are contributors to diabetes. These social factors of worrying, anger, frustration, coping concerns all led to greater levels of emotional distress. (Whittemore-2009) Depression in a person with diabetes can affect them more in diabetes in the glucose control. This affects both black and white women to go into a depression stage because they are not able to control their blood level. Continuation of Literature Review- Stress for both race of women have to be a big factor in diabetes. Women are known to be stressors to where it can associated to high blood pressure which led to the types of food you eat. The study shows stress being a factor in physical, sleep quality, out of control eating, and lastly alcohol consumption which all are greater risk to diabetes. All of these stressors contribute to a higher risk in diabetes. Feinn, Tennen, and Wagner (2006). Difference to WHY women of difference race in particular black and white women develop diabetes ? Women of black race tend to get diabetes through their poor health choices and many stressors that affected them throughout their life. Black women would be expected to have high gestational diabetes but studies shown that they have lower risk than whites. Age is another factor to disparities in overweight and obesity. Sharma, & Andrea(2014). There are man.

1. The health Disparities factors in diabetes of Black- African
American women and white- non Hispanic women all under the
age of 30.
By: Talia Powell
HNSC 3184
Introduction/Problem
Topic: The psychosocial factor in diabetes of Black African
American women and White –Non Hispanic women.
This topic is important to consider because diabetes is a lifelong
disease. This disease is essential within health disparities
because not all women may receive access to health care. “
Women are considered a vulnerable population” meaning
women are naturally powerfulness when it comes to certain
aspects of the world. Melkus, Whittemore & Mitchell (2009)
We are open, and sensitive human beings that express
themselves through emotions but when it comes to our health
most of us women fight to be healthy at all times. The
difference in diabetes of women of colored(Black) and
white(non-Hispanic) are contradicted by psychosocial
characteristics of women. This opening statement may be a
broad and controversial statement to most women because some
feel as though they are strong and unstoppable which I agreed.
The study will show the difference in diabetes in black and
white women and how it effects their psychosocial factors. The

2. Literature review will discuss the psychosocial affects diabetes
has on both race of women, the stress women has to deal with
type 2 diabetes and the difference in race as to why women
develop diabetes.
Literature Review
Psychosocial factors of Diabetes in Black African American
women and White non- Hispanic women.
There are many factors that plays an essential role in a
depression, confidence and support are contributors to diabetes.
These social factors of worrying, anger, frustration, coping
concerns all led to greater levels of emotional distress.
(Whittemore-2009) Depression in a person with diabetes can
affect them more in diabetes in the glucose control. This affects
both black and white women to go into a depression stage
because they are not able to control their blood level.
Continuation of Literature Review-
Stress for both race of women have to be a big factor in
diabetes.
Women are known to be stressors to where it can associated to
high blood pressure which led to the types of food you eat. The
study shows stress being a factor in physical, sleep quality, out
of control eating, and lastly alcohol consumption which all are
greater risk to diabetes. All of these stressors contribute to a
higher risk in diabetes. Feinn, Tennen, and Wagner (2006).
Difference to WHY women of difference race in particular

3. black and white women develop diabetes ?
Women of black race tend to get diabetes through their poor
health choices and many stressors that affected them throughout
their life. Black women would be expected to have high
gestational diabetes but studies shown that they have lower risk
than whites. Age is another factor to disparities in overweight
and obesity. Sharma, & Andrea(2014). There are many
differences to why each race may develop diabetes but both are
effected by the disease which can be beneficial to both races to
help each other and gain knowledge about their health.
Discussion Questions
Do you know anyone who has diabetes or ever experience
diabetes? What actions did they take ?
What are the different clinic or workshop are available to help
women with diabetes beside a nutritionist or a doctor ?
Psychosocial Outcomes Table
Confidence Black (n = 34)
2.65(0.92) - 1.97 .05
White (n = 46)
3.07 (0.95)Depressed Mood
Black (n = 40) 2.03(1.03)
2.46(1.21) 1.79 .08
White(n =
46)Support Black (n
= 43) 2.33 (0.96 -3.32

4. .01
Whiten (n=
46) 3.09 (1.17)Diet self- management
Black (n = 47) 2.68 (1.14) -4.12
.01
White (n = 46)
3.57 (0.95) Exercise self- management Black(n
= 47) 2.85 (1.50) -2.02
.05
White (n = 46)
3.41 (1.15) Medication self- management (missed dose)
Black (n = 35) 1.74 (1.09) 1.88
.06
White (n =
41) 1.34 (0.76) Psychosocial distress
(Paid) Black( n = 49) 72.35 (31.65)
2.38 .02
White(n = 46)
58.78 (23.38) Outcome
Race Mean T
P
Goals of Presentation
-The goal of this presentation is to address the disparities in
both groups of women.
- The psychosocial factor of women that can increase diabetes
and the levels of emotional distress which can led to stress.
7

5. Diabetes in Black women & White Non- Hispanic women
Summary & Conclusion
Overall diabetes is a serious disease that can not be cure but
treated. The research have shown that black women have
multiple factors that affect their psychosocial and stress levels
while having diabetes or just developing this disease and
learning how to cope. Diabetes is a long life disease but if you
eat healthy, exercise, do not stress and motivate yourself to stay
on track. You may get accustomed a diabetes lifestyle or even
no longer have diabetes due to the stage of lifestyle.
Recommendations:
There are many workshops and classes that’s presented only to
those who are willing to be knowledge about diabetes, How
about giving a workshop in a school setting in a high school
setting or at your workplace.
Overall diabetes affected all types of women the articles did not
specified on how to incorporate these educational classes or
workshops for children who’s in the early stage of diabetes.
Annotated Bibliography/ References:
D'Eramo Melkus, G., Whittemore, R., & Mitchell, J. (2009).

6. Type 2 Diabetes in Urban Black and Rural White Women. The
Diabetes Educator, 35(2), 293-301.
Kim, Catherine, Kim, Shin, Sappenfield, William, Wilson,
Hoyt, Salihu, Hamisu, & Sharma, Andrea. (2014). Are
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preconception Diabetes
Mellitus Less Common in Non-Hispanic Black Women than in
Non-Hispanic White Women? Maternal and Child Health
Journal, 18(3), 698-706.
Bermudez-Millan, A., Schumann, K., Feinn, R., Tennen, H., &
Wagner, J. (2016). Behavioral reactivity to acute stress among
Black and White women with type 2 diabetes: The roles of
income and racial discrimination. Journal of Health
Psychology, 21(9), 2085-2097.