1. Indra
King of the Gods
God of Weather and War
Indra on his mount Airavata
Devanagari इन्द्र or इरं
SanskritTransliteration इन्द्र
Tamil script இந்திரன்
Affiliation Deva
Abode Amarāvati in Svarga/ Indraloka
Mantra om indraya namah
Weapon Vajra (Thunderbolt)
Symbols Vajra
Consort Shachi (Indrani)
2. Mount Airavata (White
elephant),Uchchaihshravas (white
horse)
Texts Vedas, Puranas, Epics
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Indra
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Indra, undoubtedly, is the chief deity in the Rgveda. Almost a quarter of its
hymns, is devoted to praising him. He is the most important deity in the sky.
Armed with the thunderbolt (Vajrayudha) and riding in a chariot whose speed
exceeds that of the mind, he travels everywhere.
His valour is awe-inspiring. His exploits are many. He killed the demon Vrtra
and released the waters imprisoned by him. He clipped the wings of the mighty
mountains and made them behave. He recovered the cows of the gods that
had been abducted by the demons. He is fond of Soma-drink. Being a war-lord,
he became a symbol of the royal power. Hence warriors worshipped him
before going to the battle-field.
Indra has often been equated with the Supreme God. His love and affection for
his devotees has been eulogized. Scholars opine that Indra may: just
represent the natural phenomenon of rain being released from the dark clouds
.!
Indra's prestige gradually declined and he was relegated to a secondary place
by the Pural).as, retaining however, his place as the king of gods.
In some of the temple sculptures, Indra is depicted in a human form with four
arms, riding the celestial elephant Airavata.
Rudra and Rudras: Rudra is the god who howls or roars. He is terrible. He is
tall and well-built. He has a long braided hair. His body is brilliant and its
colour merges with the colour of the gold ornaments he wears. He wields the
thunderbolt, bow and arrow. He is the god of storms. Though he looks fierce
and is armed with terrible weapons, he is always benevolent and merciful to
humanity.
3. He is the protector, the kind and loving father, protecting humanity against its
enemies. He is extraordinarily intelligent and wise.
He is an excellent physician. He has thousands of medicines with him which
can cure all the diseases of Humanity.
Rudra has sometimes been identified with Agni. He has also been described
as the father of the Maruts, another class of Vedic deities. Some of the names
like Siva, Kapardin, Mahadeva and so on, which have been used in the later
mythological literature as epithets of Siva have been used in the Rgveda also.
It is very difficult to say exactly which aspects of nature Rudra represents.
Sometimes a group of minor deities called the Rudras is also mentioned. They
are eleven in number. They are actually the principles of life (PraI:1as), the ten
vital breaths and the mind.
Rudras are also mentioned as eight in number and the eight names-Bhava,
Sarva, Isana, Pasupati, Bhlma, Ugra, Mahadeva along with Rudra-represent the
eight aspects of Rudra-Siva in later literature.