Topic of Solvent & vapoiurs..read about that...hurry up

1. SOLVENT AND VAPOURS
_PRESENTATION BY : RONAK ANTALA,
SUBJECT OF BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
PAPER -408,

2. CLASSIFICATION OF TOXICANTS
• HEAVY METALS
• SOLVENTS AND VAPORS
• RADIATION AND RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
• DIOXIN/ FURANS
• PESTICIDES
• PLANT TOXINS
• ANIMAL TOXINS

3. COMES IN CONTECT BY
• AIR PLLUTANTS
• OCCUPATION RALATED AGENTS
• ACUTE AND CHRONIC POISONS

4. SOLVENTS AND VAPOURS
• Liquid organic chemicals used to dissolve solid materials.
• Made up of natural sources such as turpentine and the citrus solvents, but most are
derived from petroleum or other synthetic sources.
• Used to dissolve materials like resins and plastics
• Disperse material which is in soluble in water
• Used in paints, varnishes, lacquers, inks, aerosol sprays, dyes, adhesives
• Because they evaporate quickly and cleanly

5. FACTS….
• NO SAFER SOLVENTS…….. NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC ….
• TOXIC…….
• TO SKIN, EYES, AND RESPIRATORY TRACT, NECROTIC EFFECT ON THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM
• DAMAGE TO INTERNAL ORGANS LIKE LIVER, KIDNEY (both ACUTE and CHRONIC
effects)

6. SAD EVENTS
• 1994, Lundberg, reported the “Possible signs of liver dysfunction” in workers, work in
trades for at least 10 yrs before 1970.
• Bhopal disaster:- The world worst industrial disaster, at night of 2-3 December 1984 at
Union Carbide India Limited, a pesticide plant.
• 5,20,000 people exposed with methyl isocyanate gas
• More than 1,00,000 permanent injuries, more than 2000 death in first week and 3,787
total deaths

7. ……
• Chlorofloro carbon developed in 1930 as safe, non toxic, non
flammable
• alternative for ammonia as cooling agent
• BUT
• CFCs introduced chlorine into the ozone layer …… increase
UV to our ecological system

8. HOW SOLVENT AFFECTS US…..
• SKIN CONTECT:-
Solvents can dissolve the skin’s protective barrier of oils,
drying and chapping the skin and cause dermatitis, BURNS,
IRRITATION.
Natural solvents like turpentine and limonene cause skin allergies.
Some solvents may cause no symptoms, penetrate the skin, enter
the blood stream, travel in body and damage the other organ.

9. EYE AND RESPIRATORY TRACT
•Solvent vapours, irritate and damage
the eye, nose and throat
•Solvent inhalation cause damage
lungs, respiratory tract infection,
chronic bronchitis… nose bleed,
running eyes and sore throat,
chemical pneumonia and death

10. REPRODUCTIVE HAZARD AND
BIRTH DEFECTS
• Miscarriages, birth defects and reproductive
problems….
Eg.. 1) Glycol ethers present in photographic chemical,
liquid water based cleaning products, some inks and
water based paints, aerosol sprays..
Women work in these department , having 13 folds risk
major malformation and risk for miscarriage in previous
pragnancies.

11. IMPORTANT PROPERTIES
• THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE – Exposure concentration
below which a defined effect will not occur.
• ODOR THRESHOLD (ppm)- Level at which most
people tested detect the odour. This show the higher
concentration.

12. ….
• FLASH POINT (Fahrenheit)- It is lowest temperature at
which a solvent gives off sufficient vapour to form an
ignitable mixture with air near its surface…
• EVAPORATION RATE- This is the rate at which a
material will vaporize(volatilize, evaporate) from the
liquid or solid state when compared to another material.
(slow, fast and medium)

13. CLASSES OF SOLVENTS ACCORDING TO
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
1.. Alcohol
2.. Aliphatic hydrocarbon
3.. Amide/amine
4.. Aromatic hydrocarbon
5..chlorinated hydro carbons

14. ……
6.. Ester or acetates
7.. Glycols
8.. Glycol ester (cellosolves) or their acetates
9.. Ketons
10.. miscellineous

20. RULES FOR CHOOSING SAFER SOLVENTS
1.. High threshold limit
2.. Low evaporation rate
3.. High flash point
4.. Low toxic effect solvent

21. RULES FOR SOLVENTS USE
1.. Replace oil based solvents…. With water
based product
2.. Use least toxic solvents
3.. At work place follow the OSHA hazard
communication law
4.. Avoid breathing

22. …….
7.. Prepare for spills… use solvent absorber
8.. Use and dispose of solvents in accordance with local
or federal regulation

23. PETROLEUM ETHER
• Used in laboratories
• Toxic effect on Central Nervous System and dermatological
system
• Inhalation cause CNS, Digestive system, Respiratory system
• Solvent for oil, fats and Wax, As fuels in paints, varnishes and
in photography.
• Chlorohydrocarbons replaced with petroleum ether in dry
cleaning…
cheaper, lessflammable

24. METHANOL
• Absorbed by Skin, Respiratory, GIT,
• Responsible Acidosis, Blindness, Death
• Severe human poisoning oral route(30min-60 min)
• Other effect by inhalation, Haemorrhages in to brain

25. DIETHYL ETHER
• Used in production of gum powder, primer for gasoline
engines
• Extrapolated vapour pressure of 538mm Hg at 25
Celsius, present as vapour in atmosphere
• Degrade by reaction with photochemical producing
hydroxyl radicals and nitrate radicals
• General population come contact by inhalation,
contaminated water

26. BENZENE
• Used for production of ethyl benzene, cumin and
cyclohexane
• Chronic inhalation leads Aplastic anaemia, leukaemia
and multiple myeloma
• Acute exposure anaesthesia may develop at
concentration above 3000ppm
• At 1000ppm cause giddiness, euphoria, nausea,
headache, arrhythmias.

27. ACETONE
• Highly volatile, flammable, polar and aprotic solvent
• Used as cleaning agents in biomedical/pharmaceutical
laboratory
• Repeated administration cause Increased white blood
cell counts, increase eosinophil and decrease
phagocytic activity of neutrophils
• Shortening of menstrual cycle, premature menstrual
periods, miscarriage and weakness of labor activity

28. MERCURY
• Vapour inhalation cause CNS defects
• Kidney damage at low and long time exposure
• By oral route it accumulate in body tissue, damaging
nervous system
• Methyl mercury can easily cross the Blood Brain
Barrier…. And cause harmful effect to children

29. REASON FOR LABORATORY ACCIDENTS
Speaking
•Eating
•Mobiles
•Electronic devices

30. LABORATORY ACCIDENT PREVENTION
1. Training
2. Limit of purchase and storage
3. Disposal of wastage and elimination of potential
hazards
4. Monitoring and reporting
5. First aid measures:
“AVOID WORKING ALONE IN LABORATORY”

31. REFERENCES
• Solvent by Monona Rossol, Newyork
• Review on Adverse Health Effects Laboratory Volatile
Solvents
• BOOK:- Toxicology by Cassarett

32. THANK YOU