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與時聚財
我如何預知股價高低點
分享會
2016/8/13
Rock 吳中石
投資為什麼那麼混亂
我們到底再做什麼 --- 回歸自己
投資類型
投資類型 概念 代表人物
價值型投資 公司財務表現的基礎分析找出那些
市場價格低於其內在價值(表現在未
來現金流)
班傑明.葛拉漢
巴菲特
成長型投資 經營收益能夠保證公司內在價值迅
速增長的公司(表現在未來現金流)
菲利普.費雪
彼得.林區
指數型投資 購買股票來複製一個大的市場細分
(台灣50)
約翰.柏格
技術型投資 各種圖表來收集市場的行為,以此
來顯示投資者預期是上升還是下降,
市場趨勢如何,以及其他的“動力”
指標
籌碼型投資(台灣):尋找主力的痕跡,
預測股價的漲跌
威廉.歐尼爾
組合型投資 能夠承受的投資風險並通過建立一
個多元化的投資組合來承擔這個風
險
伯頓.墨基爾《漫步華爾街》
Data from stockfeel
大家怎麼說
投資類型
價值型投資
成長型投資
指數型投資
技術型投資
組合型投資
我該用那一種策略
• 以終為始
• 個人多角化經營
概念
• 個人操作個性
投資類型 有自
己的
事業
資金
非常
大
資金
非常
少
希望
在股
票操
作致
富
比
賽
短
期
致
富
有生
存壓
力
以
證
券
為
生
以
理
專
為
生
長
期
致
富
投
機
主
力
價值型投資 V V V V X X X X V V X
成長型投資 V V V V X X X X V V X
指數型投資 V V X X X X X X V X X
技術型投資 X X X X V X X V X X V
組合型投資 V V X X X X X X V X X
• 心法一 不做賠本生意
• 心法二 不要陷入盈餘迷思 X EPS V ROE
• 心法三 判斷未來發展性
• 心法四 專注有「護城河」的企業
• 心法五 要下籌碼,就下大一點
• 心法六 不要害怕等待
我想多賺一點錢 錯了嗎?
• 我覺的股市會大漲,我借錢買了好多,希望一次就致富。
• 我晚上睡不著
• 今天居然漲了,比我一個月薪水還多,晚上去慶祝一下
• 今天跌了,昨天賺的全部賠回去,我要不要出清
• 我居然一個月的賺的比我一年薪水還多,買什麼漲什麼,我簡直是神,
這樣下去,沒有多久我就是台灣巴菲特
• 買了股票後,不再注意本業,忘記夢想,忘記陪家人,我驕傲著
• 貪嗔癡慢疑 我忘記我是上帝的子民
資產負債表 現金流量表損益表
減:折舊
總資產
應付帳款
總負債總額
業主權益
現金
應收帳款
存貨
…...
流動資產
營業收入
流動負債
長期負債
其他負債
基金與長期投資
固定資產
無形資產
其他資產
營業活動現金流量
投資活動
融資活動…...
-營業成本
=營業毛利
-營業費用
=營業利益
+營業外收入
-營業外支出
=稅前利益(稅
前盈餘)
-所得稅
=本期淨利
每股盈餘
現金收入
股本
資本公積
保留盈餘
現金合計
…...
負債+業主權益
廠商
* 毛利率=毛利/營收↑
* 營業利益率=
營業利益/營收↑
營業費用率=費用/營收↓
# 存貨周轉率=營業成本/平均存貨↑
# 應收帳款週轉率=營收/平均應收帳款↑
* 資產報酬率 ROA
=稅後(稅前)淨利/平均資產↑
固定資產周轉率=
淨利/平均固定資產↑
# 總資產周轉率=
營業收入/平均資產↑
* 銷貨報酬率
(存益率 淨利率)
=淨利/營收↑
* 股東權益報酬率 ROE
=稅後淨利/股東權益↑
負債權益比=負債/股東權益↓
負債比率=負債/總資產↓
自由現金=
營業-投資
營運現金負債比=
營運現金/流動負債
>0.4
 營現是否為正數
 營運現金>營業利益 or
營運現金>淨利
 營運現金與淨利同趨勢
 自由現金>0,有能力擴
充,亦可顯示如何集資
來投資固定資產
應收帳款週轉天數=360/應收帳款週轉率↓
存貨周轉天數=360/存貨周轉率↓
營運活動
公司各項支出
股利
應收帳款/總資產↓
* 獲利能力 # 經營能力 % 償債能力
% 流動比率↑
% 速動比率↑
% 利息保障倍數↑
財務報表分析關聯圖
原料成本、售價有關
YOY
毛利率↓,則看貢獻率
=毛利率*存貨周轉率
若上升,則公司轉型成功
公司容易控制
營外收入/稅前盈餘
營外支出/稅前盈餘
營外收支/稅前盈餘
業外收入來源
1.利息收入支出
2.兌換收支
3. 投資收入與損失
4. 處分投資利得或損失
5.處分固定利得或損失
沒有投資抵減的增
加,獲利比較正確
營業成本/營收
設備
土地
稅前淨利率=稅前利益/營收↑
存貨/總資產↓
公司債、可轉換公司債
預備金和預收收益
營業收入 YOY ↑
當資產成長率>銷
貨收入成長或淨利
成長,就必須注意
 應收帳款是否急遽增加
 存貨是否急遽增加
 ROA
 遞延所得是否急遽增加
 商譽的金額是否過大
 固定資產是否過大
 預備金和預收收益是否太小
 是否發行公司債或可轉換公
司債
 負債權益比適當,但不適當
可能是公司營運很好,容易
於是取得資金
 營運現金流量是否增加 或
淨流出
(正常比例:為營業利益的
60%-120% 折舊大的行業)
損益表
 銷售對象是否過於集中(關係人)
 營業成本一貫性
 營業費用一貫性
 營業外收支穩定性
 營業利益是否比同業高很多
 所得稅是否為17%上下(未分配盈
餘10%)
驗證獲利的誠實性
資產負債表
企業是怎麼開始的
資產負債表
現金
應收帳款 應付帳款
存貨
損益表
賣出去
成本
毛利…..
淨利
現金流量表
現金收入
支出
好公司
1. 存貨時間很短
2. 賣的出去,利潤很大
3. 應收帳款很短
4. 應收帳款轉為現金
5. 應付帳款付的乾脆
不好的公司
1. 存貨時間長
2. 賣不的出去,或利潤微薄
3. 應收帳款很長
4. 應收帳款轉不到現金
5. 應付帳款盡量拖
Q1: 如果您要掏空公司,您會如何進行?
Q2: 如果您公司經營不好,怎麼改善?
業主權益
企業如何賺錢
• 鴨蛋 與 文具
• 利潤極大化 (產品售價↑、產品成本↓、營運成本↓)
毛利率 淨利率 越高越好
• 周轉率率快越好(存貨週轉↑ 應收帳款↑ )
周轉率薄利多銷
量大,成本降低,增加毛利率
資產收益率 = 利潤率 * 周轉率
企業賺錢的方法
怎麼開始
• 試著自己分析,看到漲跌背後的原因
• 試著看到 未來
• 不要告訴別人你買什麼
• 不要聽別人賺多少錢
• 專注本業 或 想要創造的東西
您的功力到哪裡
• 甚麼時候買
• 甚麼時候賣
• 為什麼買
• 為什麼賣
• 買的價位多少
• 賣的價位多少
• 誰在主導行情
20160813228公園與時聚財分享會

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20160813228公園與時聚財分享會