1. Mechanization is crucial for developing nations as it can help increase agricultural output to feed growing populations. 2. Simple and easy to use farm equipment is needed that can operate in remote areas with minimal maintenance requirements. 3. Affordable financing options are important to enable small-scale farmers in developing countries to access machinery that can boost productivity.

1. AGRI MECHAGRI MECH
ISSUE 2 | JUNE 2015MONTHLY NEWSLETTER
Alekiba Ayirebide Douglas
Production Supervisor
MIM Cashew and Agricultural Products Limited
Ghana
Todd McMyn
Director of International Sales
(Versatile/Farm King)
Buhler Industries Inc.
Canada
Mechaniza on is the need of
the day in developing na ons
COST‐EFFECTIVE CASHEW
SHELLING MACHINE

2. AGRI MECH is the unique monthly magazine targeting Agricultural Machinery and
Farm Equipment news and updates and dedicated to provides comprehensive
coverage on the biggest machinery topics in farming while offering informative and
in-depth features that engage and educate operators and owners.
It includes articles by international authors on agricultural machinery manufacturers
covering the technologies, personal experiences, business forecast and new ideas
for agricultural machinery and farm equipment including tractors, tires and its allied
industry. Apart from the big international companies, there is N-number of small to
medium farm equipment manufacturers who produce fine quality equipment and
these are also included.
AGRI MECH is your best advertising solution in targeting all aspects and markets of
agriculture when looking for any type of services or farm equipment for sale.
As an advertiser, you have the opportunity to showcase your company to thousands
of potential buyers who are looking to buy your products & services.
This magazine will be serving among the top manufacturers, dealers, distributors
and farmers all around the globe. AGRI MECH is one of the best advertising
solutions in targeting all aspects and markets of agriculture when looking for any
type of services or farm equipment for sale.
As an advertiser, you have the opportunity to showcase your company to thousands
of potential buyers who are looking to buy your products & services.
We believe that there is no top; there are always further heights to reach. Team
AGRI MECH is committed to deliver the most relevant and improved information of
your interest in every issue, which will lead to achieve this magazine new heights.
We hope that this magazine will contribute to make your business more stable and
profitable.
Editorial policy is independent, Views expressed by authors
arenotnecessarilythoseheldbytheeditors.
Registered as Monthly Magazine by Registrar of
NewspapersforIndia.
Licensed to post at Karnal HPO under postal regn. No. PKL‐
91/2007‐2009
Editorial and adver sements may not be reproduced
without the wri en consent of the publishers. Whilst every
care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the contents of AGRI
MECH. The publishers do not accept any responsibility or
liabilityforthematerialherein.
Publica on of news, views and informa on is in the interest
of posi ve development of Global Farm Mechaniza on. It
doesnotimplypublisher’sendorsement.
Unpublished material of industrial interest, not submi ed
elsewhereisinvited.
The submi ed material will be published a er going
through the relevancy of the magazine subject and may be
returnedincaseofnotfoundappropriate.
Publisher, Printer: S K Ali on behalf of RK Media and
Communica ons,Delhi
Printedat:JaiswalPrin ngPress,ChauraBazar,Karnal
Publishedat:821,Sector–13,UrbanEstate,
Karnal–132001(Haryana)
Editor in Chief: S K Ali
All legal matters are subject to Karnal jurisdiction.
S K Ali
Managing Editor
projects@pixie.co.in
Raji Naqvi
Adver sement Manager
rajinaqvi@gmail.com
Dhruv Vishvas
Subscrip on Manager
dairy@pixie.co.in
Naveen Rana
Graphic Designer
design@pixie.co.in
Raza Jarrar
Webmaster
info@netnovaz.com
Our Team

3. ContentsContents
Value Investor: Why Deere
& Co is one to watch
Indian govt unveils its first
trade policy, targets doubling
of exports at $900 bn
Agriculture industry now
Globalized via Online B2B
Mechaniza on is the need of the
day in developing na ons:
Adop on Of Farm Mechaniza on
In Developing Countries
Pa erns of growth and structure
of agro‐industrial sector
Cost‐effective Cashew
Shelling Machine
Mechaniza on of seedling
young plant nurseries
The Impact of Mechanization
on Agriculture
05
06
08
10
12
14
16
18
20

5. In 1900 there were over 166 tractor
manufacturers in opera on in the US,
however due to Darwinian business
forces, this number has concentrated
down to the point where three players
controlaround70percentoftheglobal
market. Deere & Co is the market
leader with 39 per cent of the global
market, more than 1.8 mes its nearest
compe torsAgcoand CNH Industrial.
Industry concentra on is important,
especially in businesses with a high
fixed‐cost structure, as it increases the
likelihood of ra onal compe on
based on quality and service, rather
thanpurelyprice.
The benefit of the concentrated
agricultural equipment industry
becomes clear when we compare it to
auto manufacturing, two broadly
similar ac vi es which both contend
with a cyclical demand profile and high
levels of opera ng leverage. Deere
generates gross margins averaging 30
per cent, more than 50 per cent greater
than the auto industry which averages
lessthan20percent.
When one seeks to answer the
ques on as to why Deere became the
dominant agricultural equipment
player, a few interes ng points stand
out. In its 175 year history, Deere & Co
has had just 10 CEOs, an average
tenure which is 3.8 mes the average
among the Fortune 500. This
consistency and dura on of leadership
allows the business to focus on
building sustaining long term value
without succumbing to the distrac on
of short‐term earnings results or the
pump and dump style o en associated
with short tenures. Industry cha er
suggests many of the customer, dealer
and employee rela onships are also
intergenera onal.
Deere & Co consistently outspends its
peers in research and development,
with absolute spend typically about
100 per cent greater than its closest
peers.Sizealoneisnotenough,itisthe
effec veness of the research spend
which is important. On this basis,
Deere’s focus is likely to help, as it
concentrates its $US1.5 billion annual
investment into its flagship John Deere
brand, while Agco spreads half as much
across five brands and CNH across
three brands. The benefits of DE’s
single brand focus are also beneficial
across marke ng and throughout the
sales channel, as Agco and CNH have a
number of brands which compete with
each other on the dealer’s lot. Despite
its higher R&D investment, Deere & Co
s ll generates opera ng margins twice
thatofitspeers.
Value Investor: Why Deere & Co is one to watch
Contact :
DHARMESH ENTERPRISES PVT. LTD.
B28/B, GR. FLR., GHATKOPAR INDL. ESTATE
L.B.S. MARG, GHATKOPAR (WEST)
MUMBAI, MAHARASHTRA 400086
Mobile : 09323039797
Email : heatgun@vsnl.com
05

6. Aiming to nearly double India's exports
of goods and services to $900 billion by
2020, Indian government announced
several incen ves in the five‐year
ForeignTradePolicy(FTP)forexporters
and units in the Special Economic
Zones.
Unveiling the first trade policy of the
Na onal Democra c Alliance (NDA)
government, Commerce Minister
Nirmala Sitharaman said the FTP
(2015‐20) will introduce Merchandise
Exports from India Scheme (MEIS) and
Services Exports from India Scheme
(SEIS)toboostoutwardshipments.
Besides, higher level of incen ves will
be provided for export of agriculture
products under the Foreign Trade
Policy (FTP), which seeks to integrate
with Make In India and Digital India
ini a vesofthegovernment.
“FTP lays down a roadmap for India's
global trade engagement in the coming
years…India (will become) a significant
par cipant in world trade by 2020.
Export obliga on would be reduced by
25 per cent and incen ves available
under the MEIS and SEIS would be
extend to the units in the SEZs to make
them more a rac ve for investors.”
Sitharamansays.
“The government aims to increase
India's exports of merchandise and
services from USD 465.9 billion in
2013‐14 to approximately USD 900
billion by 2019‐20 and to raise India's
share in world exports from 2 percent
to 3.5 per cent,” Commerce Secretary
RajeevKhersays.
The nomenclature for export houses is
being changed to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 star
exporthouse.
“Indian industry needs to gear up to
meet these challenges for which the
government will have to create an
enablingenvironment,”Khersaid.
He says India's future bilateral and
regional trade engagements will be
withregionsand countriesthatarenot
only promising markets, but also
majorsuppliersofcri calinputsand
have complementari es with the
Indianeconomy.
“The focus of India's future trade
rela onshipwithitstradi onalmarkets
in the developed world would be on
expor ng products with a higher value
addi on, supplying high quality inputs
for the manufacturing sector in these
markets and op mizing applied
customs du es on inputs for India's
manufacturingsector,”hecon nues.
The TPP is a proposed trade agreement
under nego a on among 12 countries
— Australia, Brunei, Chile, Canada,
Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand,
Peru, Singapore, the US and Vietnam.
TTIP is between the European Union
andthe US.
The 16‐member RCEP comprises 10
ASEAN members and its six FTA
partners namely India, China, Japan,
Korea,AustraliaandNewZealand.
The Secretary says signing an FTA is just
a beginning and not the end of the
process as it would give benefit to
traders.
There is a need to simplify and ease
rules of origin criteria to posi on India
effec vely in global and regional value
chains.
“Recognizing that it is important to
review whether the concessions under
these agreements are being gainfully
u lized and have resulted in
meaningful market access gains, an
'Impact Analysis' of FTAs has been
ins tuted The likelihood of duty
inversions will con nue to be closely
monitored to ensure that industry is
not put to any disadvantage. A system
for capturing preferen al data will be
putinplaceattheearliest.”hesays.
Indian industry has raised concerns
over these FTAs saying that it is
benefi ng more to the partner
countries with which India has
implementedsuchpacts.
Indian govt unveils its first trade policy, targets
doubling of exports at $900 bn
Aiming to nearly double India's exports of goods and services to
US dollar 900 billion by 2020, the government announced several incentives...
06

8. with the produc on of essen al crops
now include in its self the dairy,
forestry, bee keeping, Agricultural
machinery and fruit cul va on among
other agricultural products, All leading
to the development of human body
and mind, allevia ng world hunger and
poverty.
This industry has the honor of
employing most of the world
popula ondirectlyorindirectlyleading
to being the core of life financially and
nutri onally, since the world has
become connected to each other with
the help of Online B2B portals, we see
agricultural products in regions that
cannot even grow the crops that are
beingconsumedinthatregion.
Technology has shaped the agriculture
trade like all other industries, and has
caused the reduc on in costs and
improvement in yield over the
decades, leading to increased trade
and specializa on in different regions
as per the climate and resources. Due
to that we see a huge shi from
agriculture output being used from
food source to input as raw material for
produc on for finished goods, We also
see a shi in the raw materials
consump on from agriculture
products to chemical based products,
example plas cs being used to make
pencils that were previously made of
wood, ar ficial sweeteners used in
placeofsugarcanejuiceandsugars.
The Top 10 Agriculture expor ng
countriesbeing:
 UnitedStates
 France
 Netherlands
 Germany
 UnitedKingdom
 Canada
 Australia
 Italy
 Belgium
 Spain
Countries that import from the rest of
the world are Germany , USA, China,
Japan, UK, France Netherlands, Italy
Belgium and Spain, some countries
importagricultureasapartofinputfor
produc on others import to fulfill the
produc on deficit of products that
cannot be grown in sufficient quan ty
intheircountry.
The world has seen the role of science
being played in the harves ng of
plants and gene cally modified seeds
arebeingintroducedtothefarmersfor
the sole purpose of an increased
outputandahealthierproduct.
The gene cally modified plant can not
accomplish the task of feeding the
world and thus agriculture suppor ng
machinery such as harvesters and
other machines are helping humans in
accomplishing the task of giving a
healthier and improved output to the
world.
The future of Agriculture can be
predicted to be distributed unevenly
where some parts of the world will
have abundance of output with the
help of gene cally modified seeds,
machinery and technology; where as
therestoftheworldwillimportmostof
thebasicfoodsfromrestoftheworld.
nd
The world's 2 largest B2B portal alone
accommodates the buyers from around
the world in leading industries where USA
leads the buyer's category with 19% of the
buyers, followed by India with 11% and
then UK 5%, Pakistan 4% and South Africa
3%.
Globaliza on of agriculture has made the
countries specialize in the products that
they have a benefit in and then take part in
Global trade, leading to increased world
output and increased trade through the
onlinemarkets.
A B2B portal has claimed to have over two
hundred thousands of products to be
traded on among which the leading ones
arewheat,rice,andspices.
Wheathasthehighestnumberofsuppliers
from China 38%, followed by Ukraine 19%
India 17% and Pakistan 10%. Rice suppliers
are in the order from China, India and
Pakistan. China and India are leading
playersintheworldagriculture.
Globally agriculture Trade in 2013 around
$181 billion has been achieved with the
help of technology in trade and the web
portals that give access to producers to the
world market. This number is expected to
grow with exponen al level due to
increasing internet penetra on and
growing online B2B awareness in
Agriculturalexpor ngna ons.
Agriculture industry now Globalized via Online B2B
A g r i c u l t u r e
industry which has
t h e h o n o r o f
providing essen al
nutrients to the
human body since
this world came
into being, this
industry started
Umair Iqbal
Manager - South Asia
tradekey.com
(Karachi-Pakistan)
0804

10. I believe the world agriculture farmers are
looking for simple mechaniza on op ons and
are demanding best service, simple service
regimes and computer based developments
that lead to simpler tractor opera on and easy
service at the farms because some farms
remain remote and far within range of major
citycentersandeasyaccess.
As global commodity markets remain unstable
with falling prices we con nue to see farmers
asking for new products to increase harves ng
and plan ng returns and increasing opera ng
efficiencies. Farmers are no longer looking at big
brand marke ng but a personal touch which
allows their voices to be heard in the supply
chain and product development, listening to
needs and working with farmers as partners is
the key to success with crea ve finance
programsinhandwithbigpurchases.
Farmers should be commended as heroes of
each na on feeding the people but also
suppor ng innova on with the labor of their
hands.
Thepopula onoftheworldisexpectedtoreach
eight billion by the year 2025. It also a fact that
morethan90%oftheworldpopula onincrease
is occurring and will con nue to occur at higher
rates in developing countries. Some research
says that of the world’s land mass, less than half
is being used produc vely. The challenge faced
by these developing countries is to feed their
increasing popula ons where there is li leto no
addi onal cul vable land available. This means
that in order to meet the future food demands,
these countries have to adopt more intensive
cropping prac ces using all possible
mechaniza on and management techniques.
For intensive cropping, meliness of opera ons
is one of the most important factors which can
only be achieved only with appropriate use of
agriculturalmachines.
Todd McMyn
Director of International Sales
(Versatile/Farm King)
Buhler Industries Inc.
Canada
Mechaniza on is the need of the day in developing na ons:
and advanced high‐quality rice mill machines
are likely to be adopted by Asian farmers in the
nearfuture.
They offer the global community a unique
perspec ve on government efficiencies and
inefficiencies where‐ever they may be as they
are the first to feel global price fluctua ons and
logis c interrup ons and/or reckless ineffec ve
spendingandpolicies.
We also must take special care and support with
farmers moving into developing na ons as
emerging markets offer needed local food
security and new supply chains worldwide and
development away from poverty with thorough
product knowledge and in country training and
long term educa onal local support on best
prac ces. Local trade offices and governments
must work together to assist and direct
meaningful programs and follow results with
suppliers and Agriculture experts on soil and
bestseedreturns.
The most parts of the developing countries
one of the most pressing needs is to feed a
growing human popula on for which they
require sustainable food produc on. This can
be realized by increasing land and labor
efficiencyin
agriculture through farm mechaniza on and
other modern inputs. Moderniza on and
mechaniza onhavetwoseparate
meanings; so while moderniza on is
beneficial for the industrialized countries,
developing countries need mechaniza on for
which they have to rely mostly in imported
farm machines, which are o en suitable for
thesmallfarmsofthedevelopingcountries.
Asian agriculture is rapidly increasing with the
rise on farm mechaniza on support. Most
developing countries in the region are now in
transi on from labor‐intensive to controlled‐
intensive agriculture. Irriga on system
machines such as diesel engines, electric
motors and pumps, plan ng machines,
powered sprayers, combine harvesters, dryers
using biomass fuel, silo and storage handling
“Farmers should be commended as
heroes of each nation feeding the
people but also supporting innovation
with the labor of their hands”.
“Farmers are no longer looking at big
brand marketing but a personal
touch which allows their voices
to be heard in the supply chain
and product development, listening
to needs and working with farmers
as partners is the key to success, with
creative finance programs in hand
with big purchases.”
10

12. All the modern agricultural technologies
introduced in developing countries,
mechaniza on has probably proved the
most controversial. Mechaniza on has
been blamed for exacerba ng rural
unemployment and contribu ng to other
socialills.
In many parts of Asia, small farms remain
at the center of agriculture and rural
development. However, one of the main
causes for the low agricultural produc vity
in most developing countries in the region
is the lack of appropriate machineries that
catertoandsuittherequirementsofsmall‐
scale farms. For this reason, many small
farms are deemed as unproduc ve and
inefficient.
In the past agricultural mechaniza on in
developing countries has been much
cri cized because it o en failed to be
effec ve, and was blamed for exacerba ng
rural unemployment and causing other
adverse social effects. This was largely the
result from experiences during the 1960s
un l the early 1980s when large quan es
of tractors were supplied to developing
countrieseitherasagi fromdonors,oron
very advantageous loan terms. In
par cular projects which were designed to
provide tractor services through
government agencies have a miserable
record. These projects proved not
sustainable because of the intrinsic
inefficiencies of government‐run
businesses. An overvalued foreign
exchange rate and low real interest rates
made agricultural machinery ar ficially
cheap as compared with labor and dra
animals. These experiences o en
combined with a very narrow percep on
a n d l a c k o f k n o w l e d g e a b o u t
mechaniza on, namely the one sided
promo on of tractors and other capital‐
intensive mechanical power technology,
has caused the aid community to largely
turn its back on mechaniza on. At the
same me there are many examples were
mechaniza on has been very successful,
contribu ng to increased food
p r o d u c o n , p r o d u c v i t y a n d
advancementofruraleconomies.
The most pressing need is to feed a
growing human popula on. This requires
sustaining food produc on, which can be
realized by increasing land and labor
efficiency in agriculture through farm
mechaniza on.
The world agricultural scenario indicates
that food security is the paramount
concern of every na on. All technological
advances in both developed and
developing countries must gear towards
increasing food produc on. Both the
large‐scale, specialized commercial
agriculture and small‐scale mixed semi‐
subsistence types of agriculture play vital
roles to a ain this objec ve. The average
opera onal farm size in Asia ranges from
1.0 to 3.7 hectares, with Thailand topping
the list. Research expenditures for
agriculture are 0.4 percent for low income
countries; 2 percent for middle‐income
countries; and almost 2.5 percent for high
income countries. The share of the Asian
and Pacific region in the global agriculture
machinery consump on is only 10 percent
compared with Europe, which has the
highest share of 80 percent. As of 2002,
Japan had the highest number (1,042,000
units) of harvesters‐threshers in use,
followedbyChina(197,000units),whileSri
Lanka had the lowest number of only 10
unitsofharvester‐threshers.
Asian agriculture is rapidly increasing with
the rise in farm mechaniza on support.
Most developing countries in the region
are now in transi on from labor intensive
to control intensive agriculture. Precision
agriculture and automa on is the current
trend in agricultural mechaniza on.
Irriga on system machines, plan ng
machines, powered sprayers, combine
harvesters, dryers using biomass fuel, silo
and storage handling, and advanced and
high quality rice mill machines are likely to
be adopted by Asian farmers in the near
future.
ADOPTION OF FARM MECHANIZATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
-S K ALI
Managing Editor, AGRIMECH
1204

13. Japan, Taiwan, and Korea are among the
countries with highly mechanized farming
opera ons. Common among these
countries is the prevalence of strong
poli cal support and farmers' coopera on,
paving the way for advancements in
agricultural mechaniza on technologies
andsystems.Japandevelopedmechanized
produc on systems for le uce and citrus.
The semi‐automa c transplanter for
le uce, which was tested in a small
prefecture in Japan with an average area of
arable land per farm household of only
0.62 ha, saved on me and labor for
transplan ng. The si ng cart, on the other
hand, helped improve the work posture
and is suitable for farmers cul va ng less
than 0.5 ha of farm area. The construc on
of monorail system and contour narrow
path made possible citrus produc on in
the sloping lands of south‐west Japan.
These structures reduced the number of
working hours and work load for fer lizer
and chemical herbicide applica on,
harves ng, and transpor ng. Taiwan's
agriculture is 98 percent mechanized.
Manufacturers of dryers in this country are
able to produce compe ve products.
Products using biomass as fuel are also
becoming popular. Mini‐power llers have
the highest market share in both domes c
and interna onal market. Protected crop
culture or greenhouse cul va on is
expected to a ract youths to engage in
farm produc on because of its
profitability as an enterprise. Another
recent development in Taiwan is the
automa on and computeriza on in
agriculture, fisheries, and animal
husbandry. Precision farming system for
rice crop has been the focus of major
projects in agriculture. This technology
uses satellite posi on system and
geographic informa on system on
farming management as bases of
decisions in the farm. Government
support significantly contributed to the
advancement of farm mechaniza on in
Korea. This involves ins tu on of policies
on financing for farm machinery and
projects as well as subsidies by supplying
farmers with machines at half the price.
Trends in mechanizing upland crops in
Korea involve integrated systems for
mechanizing produc on of Chinese
cabbage, garlic, Chinese leek, carrot,
ginseng, etc. Machines and equipment
have been developed for specific farm
opera ons from land prepara on to
plan ng, to harves ng, to post harvest
and transport. Indonesia, Thailand,
Malaysia, Vietnam, and the Philippines
have been receiving similar support from
the government for its special projects and
programs on farm mechaniza on.
However, level of mechaniza on is
medium to low due to such factors as: lack
of resources, infrastructure, and
ins tu onal arrangements; prevalence of
manual labor/ opera ons; and lack of
policies that support the general economic
welfare of the different stakeholders in the
agriculturalmachineryindustry.
The level and appropriate choice of
agricultural mechaniza on has direct
effectson landand laborproduc vity,farm
income, environment, and the quality of
life of small‐scale farmers in Asia. Hence,
basic farm mechaniza on requirements to
cater to small‐farm needs must be met,
such as: suitability to small farms; simple
designandtechnology;versa lityforusein
different farm opera ons; affordability in
terms of cost to farmers; and most
importantly, the provision of support
services from the government and the
private sectors/ manufacturers. Cases of
highly mechanized countries point to a
common factor leading to successful farm
mechaniza on programs, that is, strong
poli cal will. Hence, each country's effort
on small‐farm mechaniza on must be
anchored on a coherent strategy based on
the actual needs and priori es of the
small‐scalefarmers.
13

14. Agro‐industrial sectors in today's world
carry a different meaning than they did in
the tradi onal percep on where a gradual
shi took place from agriculture to
industry in the course of economic
development. Modern technology,
available resources for agricultural
produc onandaccesstotheglobalmarket
have increasingly facilitated the ver cal
integra on of agriculture with industry. In
industrialized countries, where agro‐
industrial sectors emerged as a result of
the industrializa on of agriculture, the
dis nc on between these two sectors is
disappearing. In industrialized countries,
the impact of R&D and innova ons in
produc on machinery is also visible in
agricultural ac vi es, while consumer
demand has changed with regard to health
and nutri on. However, the scenario is
quite different in developing countries,
especially in Africa where the agro‐
industrialsectoriss llintheearlystagesof
mechaniza on in which intermediate
inputs are transformed into manufactured
products.
Agro‐industrial sectors generally account
for a substan al part of industrial output in
developing countries compared to
industrialized ones. This is par cularly true
inthecaseofAfrica,wheretheshareofthe
agro‐industrial sector can be as high as 80
percent.
Developing countries in Asia and La n
America are less dependent on agro‐
industrial sectors than in Africa. The share
of agro‐industrial sectors in leading
developing economies such as China and
Mexico is less than 30 percent, while it has
even fallen below 20 percent in India due
to the increasing share of machinery,
equipment and other manufacturing
sectors.
Another important observa on one could
draw is the low level of labor produc vity
in agro‐industrial sectors compared to
other sectors. The value added per
employee in agro‐industrial sectors in
Kenya is three mes lower than in other
sectors and seven mes lower in
Madagascar. The rela vely advanced
north and south of Africa have achieved
higher levels of labor produc vity across
the sectors, which significantly reduced
their rela ve difference to other
manufacturingsectors.
Agricultural ac vi es in Africa are largely
dominated by subsistence farming which
yields just enough produce to feed the
families and workers involved. A shi to
more produc ve commercial farming
would require mechaniza on. The
number of tractors per hundred square
kilometres of arable land, which is a
widely recognized indicator of agricultural
mechaniza on, is only 13 for Africa
compared to 129 for South Asia, which is
the least developed region in Asia. The
world average is 200. Sub‐Saharan Africa
also lags behind other developing regions
of Asia and La n America with regard to
other indicators. Some progress has,
however, been made in recent years.
There is a clear understanding that the
con nent's poten al for commercial
farming must be tapped to raise the level
of living of millions of rural popula on.
There is also some evidence that Africa is
inves ng a significant amount for
importedagriculturemachinery.
As a large number of African countries are
s ll highly dependent on agriculture,
those countries with rela vely larger
agricultural sectors focus more on
agriculture and subsequently import
moreagriculturalmachinerythanothers.
Morocco, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Tunisia,
Ethiopia, Algeria, Kenya, Sudan and
Malawi were the major importers of
agricultural machinery in 2012, accoun ng
for 75.22 percent of the region's total
agricultural machinery imports. Morocco
and Malawi are the major importers of
agricultural machinery, accoun ng for
more than 10 percent of total agricultural
machinery imports. With Ethiopia in the
lead with its rela vely large economy,
these countries have an agricultural value
added of between 30 to 48 percent of their
GDP.
The countries with the lowest level of
agricultural machinery imports are
Uganda, Senegal and Mauritania, all of
which accounted for less than 1 percent of
total regional imports of agricultural
machinery.
The most important expor ng countries in
the region were Tunisia, Nigeria, Morocco
and Sudan, accoun ng for 11.59%, 8.91%,
7.89% and 4%, respec vely, of total
agriculturalmachineryexport.
Themajorityofindustrializedcountriesare
agricultural machinery exporters, as are
South Africa, Egypt, Nigeria and, most
recently, China. Botswana, Mozambique
and Namibia's major impor ng partner
wasSouthAfrica.
we can conclude that in spite of the
significant efforts undertaken by
developing countries thus far to a ain
agricultural mechaniza on, they s ll have
a long way to go un l they reach a level at
which this technology is being used as
efficiently as possible. To some extent, all
African countries have undergone
agricultural moderniza on, which involves
a very important component of
industrialized inputs to introduce technical
changes.
Pa erns of growth and structure
of agro‐industrial sector
14

15. Look under the bonnet of a Kubota and you will find something very special.
Three words that convey trust, quality and engineering excellence, Mode in
Don’t compromise. For your own peace of mind, insist on 100% Kubota.
Contact your local Kubota dealership or contact on
+91 9940337618 | Email: madalasagar.s@kubota.com
For Earth, For Life
www.kubota.com

16. The quality of cashew nut shelling
depends on the high percentage of
whole kernels produced. The method of
shelling has a significant effect on the
percentage whole kernel produced.
However, 100% whole kernel is barely
achievable but the main focus is ge ng a
veryhighpercentagewholekernel.
The method of shelling cashew nut is
either by a manual, semi‐mechanized or
fully mechanized system of which the
earlier two were studied. The cost of
investment and opera on in any of the
three systems is important in deciding
whichtoemploy.
Tradi onally, extrac on of the kernel
from the shell of the cashew nut has
been a manual opera on. The nuts are
kidney shaped and bri le which makes it
difficult to remove the shell without
breakage. The most significant difficulty
in processing cashew nuts is that the
shell, which contains caus c oil, CNSL,
which can burn the skin and produce
noxious fumes when heated. During the
tradi onal method, sun‐dried nuts are
first dunked briefly in water, and then
roasted over fire in pans with holes in
them while being s rred constantly to
prevent the nuts from burning. This
method is called open pan roas ng. The
shells break open during the process,
whereby some of the cashew nut shell oil
drips out through the holes and in to the
fire. The split‐open shells are collected in
ash or saw dust to soak up the rest of the
oil.
Another method of pre‐trea ng cashew
nuts for shelling is steam‐boiling. With
this method, a steam pressure of 0.6 to
0.8 MPa is used to boil the cashew in a
cookingpotfor18to24minutescooking
medependingonthemoisturecontent
and size grade of the nuts. The nuts are
dried either by sun or mechanically in an
ovento8%averagemoisture.
Shelling is the removal of dry shell and
has an objec ve of producing clean,
whole kernels free of cracks, as whole
kernels have a be er market value than
broken kernels. The tradi onal shelling
process involves placing the roasted
nuts on a flat stone and cracking with a
wooden mallet or ba en. A manual
shelling is done with a machine which
employs the manual feeding and force
to shell the nut. With this an average
sheller can open ten nuts per minute
which amounts to 4,800 nuts or about
5kg of kernels. Experienced sheller can
produce only half as much, with a
quality of 90% whole kernels. The
tradi onal and manual method of
shelling cashew nut is a labor intensive,
slow and tedious process. It also has
some health implica ons due to the
corrosive ac on of CNSL on human skin.
Recently,pre‐treatednutshavebeencut
bysemi‐mechanizedshellingmachines.
The study revealed that the percentage
whole kernel achieved by shelling with
the manual shelling machine is 95% at a
rate of 15 kg/ hr and operates at a cost of
$ 6 per 8 hour working day. On the other
hand, the semi‐mechanized shelling
machine achieved 84% whole kernel at a
rate of 21 kg/hr and operates at a cost of
$ 7.5 per 8 hour working day. Also, the
manual shelling machine produced 0.9%
of unshelled nuts whilst the semi‐
mechanizedmachineproduced12.5%.
This study suggest small and emerging
cashew processing industries should
employ the use of the manual shelling
machine to have a minimal investment,
opera ng and maintenance cost as
compare to the semi‐mechanized
machine and also, because broken
kernels do not fetch much income.
However, to use the semi‐mechanized
machines,thereistheneedtofrequently
assess the performance and adjust
where necessary and also check correct
posi oning of cashew nut in the feeding
pointtoachievehighqualityproduc on.
Alekiba Ayirebide Douglas
Production Supervisor
MIM Cashew and Agricultural Products Limited
Ghana
Another method of pre‐trea ng cashew
nuts for shelling is steam‐boiling. With
this method, a steam pressure of 0.6 to
0.8 MPa is used to boil the cashew in a
cooking pot for 18 to 24 minutes cooking
me depending on the moisture content
andsizegradeofthenuts.
COST-EFFECTIVE CASHEW SHELLING MACHINE
16

18. Introduc on:
The ever increasing cost of labor, coupled
with non availability of quality labor at the
right me has made the general farm
opera ons very expensive. The non
availability at the me when it is needed
has worsened the situa on. Therefore the
obvious answer is to mechanize. However
the equipment and machinery available
for this are either very old or very
expensive.
Keeping the above in mind we at Varsha
Enterprises have embarked upon
mechaniza on of the seedling and young
plant nurseries. The process of seedling
nurseries essen ally has the following
opera ons.
I ) Se ng up of the nursery : There are two
typesofNurseries
i)forselfuse
ii)For Commercialpurposes.
i) Self Use :‐ These are small nurseries
which produce about 10,000 to 20,000
seedlings every batch i.e once in three
months. These nurseries produce
seedlingsinseedsbedsnearthefarms.
We provide the nurseries with modern
methods wherein the seedlings are
produced under net houses. To produce
10,000 seedlings the net house and other
materialliketheprotrays
coco‐peat etc would cost about Rs.15,000
for the setup and running cost of about 30
paise per seedlings. A detailed project is
available on request. All the material
includingthenethousesarereadymade.
ii) Commercial Nursery :‐ These are
nurseries which produce seedling of all
types of vegetable, flowers, fruits etc. in
excess of one millions seedlings per
month.
Mechaniza on of these nurseries is must,
otherwisethesesareverylabororiented.
Themechaniza onstartswith
a)Produc onofgrowingmedia.
b)Mixingofdifferentingredients
c)Fillingofthepro‐trays
d)Dibblingofthemediainthetrays
e)Seeding
f)Topcoveringorcoa ng
g)Wateringthetrays
h)Placingthetraysinthenursery
i)Wateringfer ga onandplantcare
j)Transplan ngofseedlinginthefield
a) Produc on of Grow media :‐ The most
important aspect of producing quality
seedling is consistent quality of growing
media. World over peatmoss, perlite
vermiculite and now Co‐copeat mixes are
used, for this purpose because all of them
areavailableinlargequan es.Outofthis
peatmoss was used in very large quali es.
However peat moss is a fossil material and
is mined from earth. Peat moss has
disadvantages like it is very acidic (Ph of
less than 4). Peat if it becomes dry it is very
difficult to wet. Therefore we ng agents
are used for this purpose. However the
cheaper and be er replacement is
coconut fibre pith also generally known as
Cocopeat. Cocopeat is produced by
washing, sieving, drying and blocking all
these are done in Co‐copeat factories.
Expanded perlite, exfoliated vermiculite,
Polysteynere beads are mixed with
Cocopeat as amendments. Along with
starter fer lizers and fungicides are mixed
togetthecorrectgrowingmedia.
Mechaniza on: Coco‐peat comes in brick
form. These bricks are broken into powder
form in an equipment known as shredder.
The shredder has a provision of online and
has a provision for storing shredded Co‐
copeat expanded perlite & vermiculite are
suppliedinbags.
b) Mixing of ingredients: The different
ingredients are metered using belt
conveyors & feeder. All the material are fed
to a common belt conveyor. All these
material are fed into an intermediate
hopper. Underneath the hopper the media
is mixed in a paddle mixer. The Mixed
material is carried out by a screw conveyer
eithertothetrayfilterorintobags.
c)Themixedmaterialisfedtothepro‐trays
by vibro feeder. The tray filled with the
mediaiscompactedbyarollerandabrush.
Pro‐trays can be filled normally with the
media.
d) The media is compressed and dibbled to
the tray bya Dibbler (The Dibbler can be on
lineorindependent).
The dibbler will facilitate the seed to drop
in the centre of the tray also will ensure
propercompac onofmedia.
e) Seeder : There are several types of
seeder like the Turbo seeder, cylindrical
seeder etc. The seeder is selected on the
basisofneed.
Venkatesh Rao
Managing Partner
Varsha Enterprises,
Bangalore
Mechanization of seedling young plant nurseries
18

19. Turbo seeders are used. For seeding above
this drum seeders or cylindrical seeders
areused.
These seeders pickup one seed and
deposit them in the trays at the me. The
accuracy is more than 90% . Theses seeder
work relentlessly trouble free for 15 to 20
years. This single equipment can do the job
ofabout20skilledlabor.
f) Seed coa ng: This is a very important
step in the produc on of seedling. The
thickness of media to be covered depends
on type of seed. Generally 1.5 mes the
seed dia is required to be covered with the
media. This is very cri cal. If seed cover is
more the seedling may not emerge out. If
the seed cover is less the seed may not
germinate due to non availability of
moisture. Therefore the seed coater
ensures perfect spread of media on the
seeds.
g)Wateringsta on:
Watering is very important for seed
germina on. Normally watering is done
manually using watering cans or sprinkler
systems. Both these are not efficient and
may overwater or underwater the
seedlings. Therefore a mechanical
watering systems which comprises of
frac on house power motor and sprinkler
system ensures perfect watering i.e
complete draining of the media. In fact
fungicides can be mixed and sprayed to
preventanyrolling.
By mechanizing all the above steps we can
ensure 100% healthy and economical
seedlings. The en re system star ng from
shredding of Coco‐peat to watering of the
seeds it would cost about Rs.40 Lakh.
However this amount will be recovered
withintwoyears meandthe qualityof
seedling would be very high. This also
eliminates the dependence an labor.
Therefore it is impera ve that the
seedlings produc on should be
mechanized.Themoneysavedcanhelpin
increasing the salaries of the people
opera ng the system. We have seen, with
this several small nurseries have joined
together to have one centralized seeding
sta on and grow the seedlings in their own
nurseries.
In the above process of mechaniza on.
The implementa on can be done par ally
stepbysteporcanbedonetogether.

20. In the future, agricultural machines will
become data‐rich sensing and monitoring
systems.
Significant challenges will have to be
overcome to achieve the level of
agriculturalproduc vitynecessarytomeet
the predicted world demand for food,
fiber, and fuel in 2050. Although
agriculture has met significant challenges
in the past, targeted increases in
produc vity by 2050 will have to be made
i n t h e f a c e o f s t r i n g e n t
constraints—including limited resources,
less skilled labor, and a limited amount of
arableland,amongothers.
The metric used to measure such progress
isTotalFactorProduc vity(TFP):
The output per unit of total resources used
in produc on. According to some
predic ons, agricultural output will have
to double by 2050 (GHI, 2011), with
s i m u l t a n e o u s m a n a g e m e n t o f
sustainability. This will require increasing
TFP from the current level of 1.4 for
agricultural produc on systems to a
consistent level of 1.75 or higher. To reach
that goal, we will need significant
achievements in all of the factors that
impact TFP.
Mechaniza on is one factor that has had a
significant effect on TFP since the
beginning of modern agriculture.
Mechanizedharves ng,forexample,wasa
key factor in increasing co on produc on
in the last century. In the future,
mechaniza on will also have to contribute
to be er management of inputs, which
will be cri cal to increasing TFP in global
produc on systems that vary widely
among crop types and regional economic
status.
Today, approximately 70 percent of
withdrawals of fresh water are used for
agriculture. By 2025, 1.8 billion people are
expected to be living in areas with
absolute water scarcity (UN FAO, 2007),
and two‐thirds of the world popula on
willliveinwater‐stressedareas.Improving
water management will have to be
achieved by more efficient irriga on
technology and higher efficiencies in
whatever technologies farmers are
currentlyusing.
The Impact of Mechaniza on on
Produc vity
Agricultural mechaniza on, one of the
great achievements of the 20th century
(NAE, 2000), was enabled by technologies
that created value in agricultural
produc on prac ces through the more
efficient use of labor, the meliness of
opera ons, and more efficient input
management with a focus on sustainable,
high‐produc vity systems. Historically,
affordable machinery, which increased
capability and standardiza on and
measurably improved produc vity, was a
keyenablerofagriculturalmechaniza on.
In the 19th century, as our society
matured, a great many innova ons
transformed the face of agriculture. Taking
advantage of a large labor base and dra
animals, farmers had been able to manage
reasonable areas of land. This form of
agriculture was s ll prac ced in some
placesun lthemiddleofthe20thcentury.
A major turning point occurred when
tractors began to replace dra animals in
the early decades of the 20th century.
Tractors leveraged a growing oil economy
to significantly accelerate agricultural
produc vity and output. Early harves ng
methods had required separate process
opera ons for different implements. With
tractors, the number of necessary passes
in a field for specific implements was
reduced,andeventually,
The Impact of Mechanization on Agriculture
J F Reid, Director
Product Technology and Innovation
John Deere Moline Technology Innovation Center
20

21. Qk;ns %
 xksfcUn jksVksosVj vU; d`f"k ;a=ksa dh rqyuk esa
,d ;k nks gh tqrkbZ esa t+ehu dks cksus ds fy, rS;kj
dj nsrk gSA ftlls yxHkx 40ø Mhty dh cpr vkSj 60ø
le; dh cpr gksrh gSA
 ikjEifjd rjhdksa ls [ksr dks cqvkbZ ds fy, rS;kj djus
esa yxHkx 10 ls 15 fnu dk le; yxrk gS ijUrq xksfcUn
jksVksosVj ls [ksr cqvkbZ ds fy, rqjUr rS;kj gks tkrk
gSA
 xksfcUn jksVksosVj feV~Vh dks cqvkbZ ds fy,
rqjUr rS;kj dj nsrk gS] ftlls fiNyh Qly dh feV~Vh dh
ueh csdkj ugha tkrh] bl izdkj ty izcU/ku esa enn
Hkh djrk gSA
 vU; d`f"k ;a=ksa dh rqyuk esa cjlkr gksus ds ckn
rqjUr blls tqrkbZ fd;k tk ldrk gSA xhyh feV~Vh esa
tqrkbZ bldk vkn'kZ mi;ksx gS] lkFk gh ,lh voLFkk
The content of this catalogue is only giving information to the end user without engagement from our side.
The Company can modify the specifications of the total machine & its components without notice.
Tractor Power
Overall Width
Tillage Width
Gear Box Speed
Side Transmission
P.T.O. Speed (RPM)
Rotor Speed (RPM)
No. of Blades
Gear Box
Overload Protection
30 to 35 H.P.
150 cm
120 cm
Single/Multi
Gear
540/1000
220
36
Shear Bolt
35 to 45 H.P.
180 cm
150 cm
Single/Multi
Gear
540/1000
220
42
Shear Bolt
45 to 55 H.P.
205 cm
175 cm
Single/Multi
Gear
540/1000
220
48
Shear Bolt
55 to 70 H.P.
230 cm
200 cm
Single/Multi
Gear
540/1000
220
54
Shear Bolt
70 to 75 H.P.
255 cm
225 cm
Multi
Gear
540/1000
220
60
Shear Bolt
GI - 120 GI - 150 GI - 175 GI - 200 GI - 225
rduhdh fo'ks"krk,a %
xUuk dikl dsyk dkuZ LVkDl lw[kh&xhyh t+ehu
vf/kd` r foØsrk %
Rotor Speed (RPM) for Multi Speed Gearbox
160
16 17 18 19 2015 20 19 18 17 16 15 13 22
180 200 225 252 282 232
Tractor PTO 540 (RPM) 1000 (RPM)
vf/kd` r foØsrk %
GOBIND
n kgjk ckx+] gSnjx<+ jksM
ackjkcdh ¼;w0ih0½( A Unit of Gobind Alloys Limited )
An ISO 9001:2008 Company
gobindindustries.co.ininfo@gobindindustries.co.in
+91-7705900901, 903, 904, 906, 923
9415049542, 941504862, 9415049543
Gobind Industries
( A Unit of Gobind Alloys Limited )
An ISO 9001 : 2008 Company
Dasharabagh, Haidergarh Road, Barabanki (U.P.)
Sugarcane Cotton Banana Corn Stalks Wet & Dry Field
ADVANTAGE:
 Gobind Rotavator is better than other agricultural equipments to prepare the soil in just one or
two times of cultivation, and also it save the 40% diesel and 60% time.
 Traditional method takes minimum 10-15 days to prepare seed bed where as by Gobind
Rotavator soil is immediately available for sowing.
 Gobind Rotavator can immediately prepare the soil moisture of previous crop does not go
waste, thus helps water management.
 Cultivation of soil can be done immediately after the rain because it is the ideal use for
Rotavator, it also push the tractor forward in soil.
 Gobind Rotavator is beneficial for the land of reaped sugarcane, bananas, jute, dried grass
and other corps.
SALIENTFEATURES:
 Gear Box: Heavy duty export quality gear box, and it have longer service life.
 Box Frame: It have heavy duty square pipe and made up from heavy plates.
 Trailing Board: It have automatic spring which helps in to have a quality cultivation of soil, and
its pressure balance the wet soil .
 P.T.O. Shaft:- Water proof cross with protection guard.
 It have double spring multi lip oil seal.
 Tiller Blades : Blades made up from advanced imported parts which easily cultivate the soil
without heavy load and also helps in smooth running.
 Side Transmission: Side gears made out of best quality steel & properly heat treated technology
which gives the regular functioning with longer life.
gobindindustries.co.ininfo@gobindindustries.co.in
For Dealership and Distributorship Enquiry :
Lalit Sachedva
+91 9643040547
sachdeva.lalit2015@gmail.com
The content of this catalogue is only giving information to the end user without engagement from our side.
The Company can modify the specifications of the total machine & its components without notice.
Tractor Power
Overall Width
Tillage Width
Gear Box Speed
Side Transmission
P.T.O. Speed (RPM)
Rotor Speed (RPM)
No. of Blades
Gear Box
Overload Protection
30 to 35 H.P.
150 cm
120 cm
Single/Multi
Gear
540/1000
220
36
Shear Bolt
35 to 45 H.P.
180 cm
150 cm
Single/Multi
Gear
540/1000
220
42
Shear Bolt
45 to 55 H.P.
205 cm
175 cm
Single/Multi
Gear
540/1000
220
48
Shear Bolt
55 to 70 H.P.
230 cm
200 cm
Single/Multi
Gear
540/1000
220
54
Shear Bolt
70 to 75 H.P.
255 cm
225 cm
Multi
Gear
540/1000
220
60
Shear Bolt
GI - 120 GI - 150 GI - 175 GI - 200 GI - 225
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Rotor Speed (RPM) for Multi Speed Gearbox
160
16 17 18 19 2015 20 19 18 17 16 15 13 22
180 200 225 252 282 232
Tractor PTO 540 (RPM) 1000 (RPM)
GOBIND
varjk"Vªh; ekudksa ds vuqlkj fufeZr
jksVksosVj
gj fdlku dk liuk xksfcUn jksVksosVj gks viukgj fdlku dk liuk xksfcUn jksVksosVj gks viukgj fdlku dk liuk xksfcUn jksVksosVj gks viuk
de
[kir
vf/kd tqrkbZ Approved by Government of India
Mcy fLizxa
vf/kd bVkfy;uvf/kd bVkfy;u
CysM ds lkFkCysM ds lkFk
vf/kd bVkfy;u
CysM ds lkFk
Approved by Government of India


"A Dream of Every Farmer""A Dream of Every Farmer""A Dream of Every Farmer"

LOW
CONSUMPTION
MORE PLOWING
jksVksosVj
OIL FILLED
GEAR
DRIVE
!
WARNING
Check oil level before
using machine tighten
all bolts everyday

22. those implements werecombined through
innova on into the “combina on” or
combineharvester.
By the late 20th century, electronically
controlled hydraulics and power systems
were the enabling technologies for
improving machine performance and
produc vity. With electronically
addressable machine architecture,
coupled with public access to Global
Naviga on Satellite System (GNSS)
t e c h n o l o g y i n t h e m i d ‐ 1 9 9 0 s ,
mechaniza oninthelast20yearshasbeen
focused on leveraging informa on,
automa on, and communica on to
advance ongoing trends in the precisionin
the precision control of agricultural
produc onsystems.
In general, advances in machine system
automa on have increased produc vity,
increased convenience, and reduced
skilled labor requirements for complex
tasks. Moreover, benefits have been
achieved in an economical way and
increasedoverall TFP.
On the next level of evolu on, automa c
guidance systems appeared that managed
steeringforanoperatorthroughautoma c
control. Automa c guidance systems
enabled precision opera ons depending
on the type of GNSS signal and how it was
integrated into the requirements of the
agriculturalopera ons.
Un l recently, automa on has been
focusedonfunc onsthatdependon GNSS
or direct sensing. However, processes that
lend themselves to control based on the
a ributes of soil and crop proper es are
also being inves gated. Some ini al
applica ons of these, which were coupled
with GPS, mapped the yield and moisture
ofharvestedcropopera ons.
MachineCommunica ons
The automa on methods described
above generate massive amounts of data.
However, the data are not limited to on‐
vehicle storage or even to on‐the‐go
decision making. Inter‐machine
communica on greatly increases the
poten alofthesesystems.
In the last few years, the commercial
applica on of telema cs devices on
machines has been increasing in
agriculture, thus empowering a closer
connec on between farmers and dealers
in managing machine up me and
maintenance services. Other applica ons
for machine communica on systems
includefleetandassetmanagement.
As we strive for higher TFP levels, these
high‐end applica ons are moving toward
systems with increasingly advanced
informa on and communica on
technologies (ICT) capabili es, including
data communica on management from
machinetooff‐machinedatastores.Other
ICT capabili es under development
include vehicle‐to‐vehicle opera ons
managementinthefield.
As ICT con nues to penetrate produc on
systems, a massive network is being
developed of machine systems that are
pla orms for value crea on—well beyond
p r o d u c v i t y f r o m a g r i c u l t u ra l
mechaniza on intended for the farmer or
the farm site. These systems are collec ng
and managing informa on with poten al
value in downstream value‐chain
opera ons that use crop or drive systems
toachieveenvironmentalsustainability.
As intelligent mobile equipment for
worksite solu ons has evolved over the
last 20 years, agricultural mechaniza on
has also evolved from a bo om‐up
integra on of the founda ons of ICT
applied to basic mechaniza on systems
required for crop produc on. The primary
machine capabili es of precision sensing,
advanced control systems, and
communica ons have created the
poten al for the emergence of Cyber‐
Physical System (CPS) from produc on
agriculturalsystems.
Although these advanced technologies
are not uniformly distributed among
pla orms and produc on systems, where
they exist, there are opportuni es to
leverage ICT to increase produc on
systems capabili es. Looking ahead, it is
expectedthatthebusinessvalueof ICT will
expandtoaddi onalpla orms.
Technologies integrated on vehicles must
work seamlessly with other systems.
Drawbacks of some ini al a empts for ICT
capabili es have been the significant me
required for setup or management, the
lack of a common architecture, the lack of
standardiza on among industries, and the
lack of standardiza on with the farmer in
mind as a user of ICT. Recently, several
organiza ons have been working to
d e v e l o p s t a n d a r d s , a n d s o m e
improvements have already been
developedorareinprocess.
Centers with machine knowledge can help
increase equipment up me and an cipate
machine system failures based on vehicle
state variables in opera on. Machine data
that provide a be er understanding of
machineusecanalsoleadtomoreefficient
system designs that meet the needs of
farmers. Agronomic data will create new
opportuni es for intensive modeling and
simula on that can improve produc on
efficiency by an cipa ng the impact of
weatherandvariousproduc onmethods.
In the future, ICT will enable the
development of new pla orms that can
provide more support to produc on
agriculture by taking advantage of
opportuni es to connect farmers, the
value chain, and society in ways that are
beyond present capabili es. Today, we are
extremely close to having true CPS and
control systems for measuring the “pulse”
of agricultural produc vity on planet
Earth.
Conclusion
Agricultural mechaniza on will be a key
factor to achieving our TFP goals and
feeding a growing planet. Looking ahead,
agricultural machines will become data‐
rich sensing and monitoring systems that
can map the performance of both
machines and the environment they work
on with precision resolu on and accuracy,
and this capability will unlock levels of
informa on about produc on agriculture
thatwereheretoforeunavailable.
22

23. +91 9317750109 | agro1@swanindia.com | www.swanindia.com

24. www.foodpromach.com