This document provides an overview of a patient empowerment program discussing abdominal bleeding. It covers: - The objective to empower laypeople with fundamentals and generalities of abdominal bleeding management. - Contents that will be discussed including causes, types, diagnosis, and basic treatment of abdominal bleeding. - Examples of clinical diagnoses are provided based on presenting symptoms of abdominal bleeding with no trauma history, such as vomiting blood indicating possible upper gastrointestinal bleeding. - Through gathering additional information on symptoms, signs, and history, clinicians can analyze to determine a specific diagnosis and cause of the abdominal bleeding.

1. Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have an
understanding of
the FUNDAMENTALS
and GENERALITIES in
the MEDICAL
MANAGEMENT of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING.
Health Disorder
Course–
Fundamentals
and
Generalities in
Medical
Management
of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
[OVERVIEW]
April 30, 2022
1400H - 1500H
Via Zoom

2. Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have an
understanding of
the FUNDAMENTALS
and GENERALITIES in
the MEDICAL
MANAGEMENT of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING.
Health Disorder
Course–
Fundamentals
and
Generalities in
Medical
Management
of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
[OVERVIEW]
ROJoson PEP Talk
I have a Patient
Empowerment
Program in which I
like to empower the
lay people or
patients to take
control in the
management of
their health.

3. There are 3 courses
in the PEP Talk.
I completed the Core
Course on October 9,
2021.

4. From October 23,
2021 onwards, I have
been tackling Health
Disorder and Health
Issue Courses. This
may take 3 years or
longer.

5. Contents of ABDOMINAL DISORDERS
[OVERVIEW]
• What is an abdominal disorder?
• What are the different types of abdominal
disorders?
• What are the causes of abdominal disorders?
• How common are the abdominal disorders?
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal disorders?
• Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for
abdominal disorders?
• Basic treatment modalities for abdominal
disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
March 19, 2022
1400H - 1500H
Via Zoom
• Abdominal Pain
• Abdominal Mass
• Abdominal Obstruction
• Abdominal Bleeding
• Jaundice

6. Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have an
understanding of
the FUNDAMENTALS
and GENERALITIES in
the MEDICAL
MANAGEMENT of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING.
Health Disorder
Course–
Fundamentals
and
Generalities in
Medical
Management
of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
[OVERVIEW]
My PEP TALK today
is entitled:
Fundamentals and
Generalities in
Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING [AN
OVERVIEW]. This is
part of the Health
Disorder Course.

7. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
Definition of Terms in Title AND Delimitation of
Coverage of Talk:
Fundamentals – simplest and essential facts and
theories which can serve as a basis or foundation
and support for advanced information
Generalities – general statements of info, not
covering specifics and details
Medical Management – diagnosis and treatment
by physicians

8. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
Contents of PEP TALK on ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• What is an abdominal bleeding?
• What are the different types of abdominal
bleeding?
• What are the causes of abdominal bleeding?
• How common are the abdominal bleeding?
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal bleeding?
• Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for
abdominal bleeding?
• Basic treatment modalities for abdominal
bleeding?

9. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• What is an abdominal BLEEDING?

10. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• What is an abdominal BLEEDING?
• Abdominal bleeding is bleeding in the belly.
• Belly consists of the following: abdominal wall
and the internal organs in the abdominal
cavity.

11. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• What are the different types of abdominal
BLEEDING?

12. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• What are the different types of abdominal
BLEEDING?
• Based on source or origin or location of
bleeding
• Bleeding on the abdominal wall – EXTERNAL
BLEEDING
• Bleeding from inside the abdominal cavity (in
its contents – hollow and solid organs and
blood vessels) – INTERNAL BLEEDING
• GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING – COMMON
• UTERINE BLEEDING - COMMON
NOT COMMON –
• URINARY
BLEEDING (blood
in urine –
HEMATURIA –
gross /
microscopic)
• RUPTURED
AORTIC
ANEURYSM
RARE –
• BILIARY BLEEDING

13. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• What are the causes of abdominal BLEEDING?
• TRAUMA
• NON-TRAUMA

14. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• What are the causes of abdominal BLEEDING?
• TRAUMA
• BLUNT TRAUMA TO THE ABDOMEN
• PENETRATING TRAUMA TO THE ABDOMEN
• GUNSHOT WOUNDS
• STAB WOUNDS
Injuries causing
bleeding
- Abdominal wall
blood vessel
injuries
- Internal solid
organ injuries
- Internal hollow
organ injuries
- Inside the
abdominal cavity
blood vessel
injuries

15. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• What are the causes of abdominal BLEEDING?
• NON-TRAUMA
• TUMORS
• CANCERS
• NON-CANCERS
• ULCERS
• VARICES
• ANEURYSMS / BLOOD VESSEL
MALFORMATIONS
• INFLAMMATIONS / INFECTIONS
• HORMONAL CHANGES IN FEMALES
• DRUGS

16. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• What are the causes of abdominal BLEEDING?
TUMOR – RUPTURE CAUSING BLEEDING

17. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• What are the causes of abdominal BLEEDING?
ULCER – EROSION CAUSING BLEEDING

18. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• What are the causes of abdominal BLEEDING?
INFLAMMATION / INFECTION – CAUSING
BLEEDING
COLITIS

19. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• What are the causes of abdominal BLEEDING?
VARICES – RUPTURE CAUSING BLEEDING

20. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• What are the causes of abdominal BLEEDING?
ANEURSYM – ABDOMINAL AORTA – RUPTURE
CAUSING BLEEDING

21. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• What are the causes of abdominal BLEEDING?
HORMONAL CHANGES IN FEMALES

22. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• How common are the abdominal BLEEDING?
• NON-TRAUMA ABDOMINAL BLEEDING
• GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING – MOST
COMMON
• UTERINE BLEEDING - COMMON
• URINARY BLEEDING – COMMON
• RUPTURED AORTIC ANEURYSM –NOT SO
COMMON
• BILIARY BLEEDING – RARE

23. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?

24. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?
In patients with NO history of TRAUMA to
the abdomen, starting points in suspecting
INTERNAL ABDOMINAL BLEEDING are:
1. Fresh blood in vomitus
2. Fresh blood in defecation
3. Black stools
4. Pallor or paleness with abdominal
symptoms
Discussion limited
to
• NON-TRAUMATIC
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• GASTRO-
INTESTINAL
BLEEDING

25. • Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?
Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
TIPS:
BASIC EVALUATION METHODS:
• HISTORY TAKING – TO GET SYMPTOMS
• PHYSICAL EXAMINATION – TO GET SIGNS
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS

26. • Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?
Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
TIPS:
BASIC EVALUATION METHODS:
• HISTORY TAKING – TO GET SYMPTOMS
• PHYSICAL EXAMINATION – TO GET SIGNS
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS
Basic data needed in
HISTORY:
• When initial
symptoms noted
• Subsequent
course
• Associated
symptoms

27. • Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?
Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
TIPS:
BASIC EVALUATION METHODS:
• HISTORY TAKING – TO GET SYMPTOMS
• PHYSICAL EXAMINATION – TO GET SIGNS
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS
Basic data needed in
EXAMINATION:
LOOK and PALPATE
• Look for bulge
• Look for
distention
• Palpate for mass
• Palpate for
tenderness

28. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?
In patients with NO history of TRAUMA to
the abdomen, starting points in suspecting
INTERNAL ABDOMINAL BLEEDING are:
1. Fresh blood in vomitus
2. Fresh blood in defecation
3. Black stools
4. Pallor or paleness with abdominal
symptoms
Analyze further
through more data
gathering –
symptoms, signs
and repeated
questioning and
physical
examination until
diagnosis is quite
certain that there is
really
GASTROINTESTINAL
BLEEDING, type,
and specific cause.

29. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?
TIPS:
Look for cues for a SPECIFIC CAUSE or DISEASE
causing the ABDOMINAL BLEEDING.
Use PATTERN RECOGNITION of a particular
disease and PREVALENCE process in those with
similar presentation of symptoms and signs.
DISORDER
SPECIFIC CAUSE

30. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?
DISORDER
SPECIFIC CAUSE
TIPS:
GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING –
• Palpate for a MASS as a possible cause
• If no mass, use the color of vomitus and stools
as cues:
• Upper GI Bleeding – vomiting of frank
blood; black stools per anus
• Lower GI Bleeding – passage of frank blood
per anus

31. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?
CASE ILLUSTRATIONS
Starting points in evaluation:
1. Fresh blood in vomitus
2. Fresh blood in defecation
3. Black stools
4. Pallor or paleness with abdominal
symptoms
*NO HISTORY OF TRAUMA

32. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?
Case Illustration:
A patient presenting with vomiting of fresh blood.
START THINKING OF GASTROINTESTINAL
BLEEDING.
Usually, UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING!
(Bleeding in the UPPER part of the GI Tract)
Analyze further
through more data
gathering –
symptoms, signs
and repeated
questioning and
physical
examination until
diagnosis is quite
certain that there is
really
GASTROINTESTINAL
BLEEDING, type,
and specific cause.

33. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?
Case Illustration:
A patient presenting with vomiting of fresh blood.
START THINKING OF UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL
BLEEDING.
If there is palpable epigastric mass, most likely it
is the cause of the bleeding. With the location
and the fresh blood in the vomitus, most likely, a
stomach tumor is the cause. Based on
prevalence, stomach cancer is the diagnosis.
There may or may not be associated black stool
and pallor.

34. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?
Case Illustration:
A patient presenting with vomiting of fresh blood.
START THINKING OF UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL
BLEEDING.
If there is NO palpable abdominal mass and there
is history of intake of drugs that are notorious for
causing gastrointestinal bleeding, the diagnosis
will be drug-induced gastrointestinal bleeding.

35. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?
Case Illustration:
A patient presenting with vomiting of fresh blood.
START THINKING OF UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL
BLEEDING.
If there is NO palpable abdominal mass and NO
history of intake of drugs that are notorious for
causing gastrointestinal bleeding and there is
history of recurrent epigastric pain for the past 3
months, a diagnosis of peptic ulcer should be
considered. A stomach tumor is a secondary
diagnosis.

36. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?
CASE ILLUSTRATIONS
Starting points in evaluation:
1. Fresh blood in vomitus
2. Fresh blood in defecation
3. Black stools
4. Pallor or paleness with abdominal
symptoms
*NO HISTORY OF TRAUMA

37. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?
Case Illustration:
A patient presenting with fresh blood on
defecation.
START THINKING OF GASTROINTESTINAL
BLEEDING.
Usually, LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING!
(Bleeding in the LOWER part of the GI Tract such
as anus, rectum and lower part of the large
intestines)
Analyze further
through more data
gathering –
symptoms, signs
and repeated
questioning and
physical
examination until
diagnosis is quite
certain that there is
really
GASTROINTESTINAL
BLEEDING, type,
and specific cause.

38. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?
Case Illustration:
A patient presenting with fresh blood on
defecation.
START THINKING OF LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL
BLEEDING.
If there is a palpable left lower quadrant mass,
most likely it is the cause of the bleeding. If there
are associated symptoms of difficulty in
defecation, a colonic cancer is the primary clinical
diagnosis.

39. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?
Case Illustration:
A patient presenting with fresh blood on
defecation.
START THINKING OF LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL
BLEEDING.
If there is NO palpable abdominal mass and there
is anal pain and bleeding on defecation, a
diagnosis of hemorrhoids should be primarily
considered and should be supported by a digital
rectal examination at the very least.

40. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?
Case Illustration:
A patient presenting with fresh blood on
defecation.
START THINKING OF LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL
BLEEDING.
If there is NO palpable abdominal mass and there
is no anal pain but there is difficulty in defecation,
a diagnosis of rectal tumor should be primarily
considered and should be investigated further.

41. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?
CASE ILLUSTRATIONS
Starting points in evaluation:
1. Fresh blood in vomitus
2. Fresh blood in defecation
3. Black stools
4. Pallor or paleness with abdominal
symptoms
*NO HISTORY OF TRAUMA

42. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?
Case Illustration:
A patient presenting with black stools on
defecation.
START THINKING OF GASTROINTESTINAL
BLEEDING after making sure that patient has not
recently eaten DINUGUAN, PUSIT, and other foods
that may produce black stool.
Usually, UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING!
(Bleeding in the UPPER part of the GI Tract – such
as stomach and upper part of small intestines)
Analyze further
through more data
gathering –
symptoms, signs
and repeated
questioning and
physical
examination until
diagnosis is quite
certain that there is
really
GASTROINTESTINAL
BLEEDING, type,
and specific cause.

43. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?
Case Illustration:
A patient presenting with black stools on
defecation.
START THINKING OF UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL
BLEEDING.
If there is palpable epigastric mass, most likely it
is the cause of the bleeding. With the location
and the black stool, most likely, a stomach tumor
is the cause. Based on prevalence, stomach
cancer is the diagnosis.

44. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?
Case Illustration:
A patient presenting with black stools on
defecation.
START THINKING OF UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL
BLEEDING.
If there is NO palpable abdominal mass and there
is history of intake of drugs that are notorious for
causing gastrointestinal bleeding, the diagnosis
will be drug-induced gastrointestinal bleeding or
gastritis.

45. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?
Case Illustration:
A patient presenting with black stools on
defecation.
START THINKING OF UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL
BLEEDING.
If there is NO palpable abdominal mass and NO
history of intake of drugs that are notorious for
causing gastrointestinal bleeding and there is
history of recurrent epigastric pain for the past 3
months, a diagnosis of peptic ulcer should be
considered. A stomach tumor is a secondary
diagnosis.

46. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?
CASE ILLUSTRATIONS
Starting points in evaluation:
1. Fresh blood in vomitus
2. Fresh blood in defecation
3. Black stools
4. Pallor or paleness with abdominal
symptoms
*NO HISTORY OF TRAUMA

47. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?
Case Illustration:
A patient presenting with pallor or paleness with
abdominal symptoms.
START THINKING OF GASTROINTESTINAL
BLEEDING.
Analyze further
through more data
gathering –
symptoms, signs
and repeated
questioning and
physical
examination until
diagnosis is quite
certain that there is
really
GASTROINTESTINAL
BLEEDING, type,
and specific cause.

48. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal BLEEDING?
Case Illustration:
A patient presenting with pallor or paleness with
abdominal symptoms.
START THINKING OF GASTROINTESTINAL
BLEEDING.
Analyze further
through more data
gathering –
symptoms, signs
and repeated
questioning and
physical
examination until
diagnosis is quite
certain that there is
really
GASTROINTESTINAL
BLEEDING, type,
and specific cause.
• Palpate the abdomen for a mass. If present,
use location of mass to aid in clinical diagnosis.
• Evaluate associated symptoms particularly on
color of stools. Use them to aid in clinical
diagnosis.

49. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal pain?
• Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for
abdominal BLEEDING?
Discussion limited
to
• NON-TRAUMATIC
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• GASTRO-
INTESTINAL
BLEEDING

50. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal pain?
• Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for
abdominal BLEEDING?
FOR GASTRO-
INTESTINAL
BLEEDING,
ENDOSCOPY IS THE
MOST RELIABLE
INSTRUMENTAL
DIAGNOSTIC
PROCEDURE –
because of direct
visualization of
bleeding and where
it is coming from.
Common instrumental and laboratory diagnostic
procedures for ABDOMINAL BLEEDING:
• Imaging procedures (x-rays – plain / with
barium dye; ultrasound; CT scan; MRI; PET
scan; etc.)
• Endoscopy (upper - esophagogastroscopy /
lower – colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy,
proctoscopy)
• Blood tests (CBC; liver function tests; tumor
markers; etc.)

51. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal pain?
• Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for
abdominal BLEEDING?
The foremost indication for a paraclinical
diagnostic procedure can be stated this
way:
if you are not certain on the primary
clinical diagnosis and you need to be
certain or be more certain before
treatment, then go for a paraclinical
diagnostic procedure.

52. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal pain?
• Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for
abdominal BLEEDING?
To decide on indication of the paraclinical
diagnostic procedure,
the physician uses two processes –
- degree of certainty on the primary
clinical diagnosis and
- comparison of the treatment plans for
the primary and secondary clinical
diagnoses.
As a rule, there is no need
for a paraclinical
diagnostic procedure if:
• you are quite
certain of your
primary clinical
diagnosis.
• treatment plans for
primary and
secondary
diagnoses are the
same.

53. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal pain?
• Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for
abdominal BLEEDING?
Competencies required of physicians managing
abdominal BLEEDING:
• Know the uses and indications of all known
instrumental and laboratory diagnostic
procedures for abdominal BLEEDING.
• Use as needed and indicated.
• Select the most cost-effective one using the
BRCA process.
• Know how to interpret the results.

54. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal pain?
• Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for
abdominal BLEEDING?
BRCA Process in selecting diagnostic procedures
Procedures Benefit
(goal – to
be more
definite on
the
diagnosis)
Risk Cost Availability
Option1
Option2
Option3

55. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal pain?
• Basic treatment modalities for abdominal
BLEEDING?

56. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal pain?
• Basic treatment modalities for abdominal
BLEEDING?
SPECIFIC DISEASE SURGICAL / POTENTIALLY SURGICAL / NON-SURGICAL
W
X
Y
Z
• Surgical – outright surgical
• Non-surgical – non-surgical at all times (no OPERATION)
• Potentially surgical – surgical only when needed

57. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal pain?
• Basic treatment modalities for abdominal
BLEEDING?
• Surgical – outright surgical
• Non-surgical – non-surgical at all times (no OPERATION)
• Potentially surgical – surgical only when needed
Examples of OUTRIGHT SURGICAL TREATMENT
• Massive bleeding and surgically effective and
remediable
• Bleeding resectable tumors
• Ruptured aortic aneurysm
Surgical Treatment:
• Removable of
cause of bleeding
• Hemostatic
suturing of
bleeders
• Occlusion and
bypass of ruptured
aortic aneurysm

58. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal pain?
• Basic treatment modalities for abdominal
BLEEDING?
• Surgical – outright surgical
• Non-surgical – non-surgical at all times (no OPERATION)
• Potentially surgical – surgical only when needed
Surgical Treatment:
• Removable of
cause of bleeding
• Hemostatic
suturing of
bleeders
• Occlusion and
bypass of ruptured
aortic aneurysm
Examples of POTENTIALLY SURGICAL TREATMENT
in which a WATCH & WAIT stance is a better
option and in which a medical management can
be tried
• Varices
• Ulcers
• Inflammation /infections (colitis)
• Small aortic aneurysms

59. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal pain?
• Basic treatment modalities for abdominal
BLEEDING?
• Surgical – outright surgical
• Non-surgical – non-surgical at all times (no OPERATION)
• Potentially surgical – surgical only when needed
Examples of OUTRIGHT NON-SURGICAL
TREATMENT
• Drug-induced GI bleeding
• Benign ulcers
Non-Surgical
Treatment:
• Medicines
• NO medicines
(watchful waiting;
natural support
management;
etc.)

60. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal pain?
• Basic treatment modalities for abdominal
BLEEDING?
BRCA Process in selecting cost-effective treatment
modality.

61. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
Contents of PEP TALK on ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
• What is an abdominal bleeding?
• What are the different types of abdominal
bleeding?
• What are the causes of abdominal bleeding?
• How common are the abdominal bleeding?
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal bleeding?
• Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for
abdominal bleeding?
• Basic treatment modalities for abdominal
bleeding?
Summary
Take Away

62. Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
Be always in touch with reliable medical
information on fundamentals and
generalities in medical management of
ABDOMINAL BLEEDING.
Knowledge is power; it gives power.
Use the 4Ks of Patient Empowerment:
Kaalaman, Kakayanan, Karapatan and
Kapangyarihan
to gain greater control over decisions in
medical management of ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING.
Take Away in
relation to
Patient
Empowerment

63. Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have an
understanding of
the FUNDAMENTALS
and GENERALITIES in
the MEDICAL
MANAGEMENT of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING.
Health Disorder
Course–
Fundamentals
and
Generalities in
Medical
Management
of
ABDOMINAL
BLEEDING
[OVERVIEW]
April 30, 2022
1400H - 1500H
Via Zoom