Members: Dan Emmanuel Ca-ang Sherrybelle Canama Kristine Diane Getuaban Reya Masbate Venice Moore

1. Pre Colonial and Spanish
Colonial Text of the Philippines
Dan Emmanuel Ca-ang
Sherrybelle Canama
Kristine Diane Getuaban
Reya Masbate
Venice Moore

2. Pre Colonial Text

3. Abadeha: The Philippine Cinderella
Abadeha is a kind and hardworking young woman.Her mother died while she was still young. Abak, her
father who is a fisherman, married a mean woman who has daughters of her own. When her father died,
Abadeha's wicked stepmother and stepsisters abuse her and ask her to carry out impossible tasks. She did her
best to be humble and obedient until she can't take it anymore. Abadeha asks for the help of Bathala, the creator
God, her ancestors and her dead mother. She prayed a lot. She frequented quiet places to talk to the spirits. At
the river, her cries for help are heard by the Spirit of the Forest. With her guidance, Abadeha was able to
accomplish all that her step-family demands of her.
One day, a prince who is out hunting in the forest comes upon the enchanted tree by the grave of
Abadeha’s mother. He sees a ring among the branches and puts it on. By the time he returns to the palace, his
finger has become swollen and painful. The king calls for the Babaylan, the priest-healer of the land, but even
he cannot take the ring off.
That night, the Prince learns in a dream that only a girl can remove the ring from his finger. Upon hearing
this, the king announces to his people that any girl who can take the ring off his son’s finger will be offered
marriage to the prince.
Of all the maidens who tried, only Abadeha was successful.
And that’s how she became a princess!

4. Origin of Bagobo
In the beginning there lived one man and one woman, Toglai and Toglibon. Their first children were a boy
and a girl. When they were old enough, the boy and the girl went far away across the waters seeking a good
place to live in. Nothing more was heard of them until their children, the Spaniards and Americans, came back.
After the first boy and girl left, other children were born to the couple, but they all remained at Cibolan on Mt.
Apo with their parents, until Toglai and Toglibon died and became spirits.
Soon after that there came a great drought which lasted for three years. All the waters dried up, so that
there were no rivers, and no plants could live.
"Surely," said the people, "Manama is punishing us and we must go elsewhere to find food and a place to dwell
in."
So they started out. Two went in the direction of the sunset, carrying with them stones from Cibolan River.
After a long journey they reached a place where were broad fields of cogon grass and an abundance of water,
and there they made their home. Their children still live in that place and are called Magindanau, because of the
stones which the couple carried when they left Cibolan.

5. Two children of Toglai and Toglibon went to the south, seeking a home, and they carried with them women's baskets
(baraan). When they found a good spot, they settled down. Their descendants, still dwelling at that place, are called Baraan or
Bilaan, because of the women's baskets.
So two by two the children of the first couple left the land of their birth. In the place where each settled a new people
developed, and thus it came about that all the tribes in the world received their names from things that the people carried out
of Cibolan, or from the places where they settled.
All the children left Mt. Apo save two (a boy and a girl), whom hunger and thirst had made too weak to travel. One day
when they were about to die the boy crawled out to the field to see if there was one living thing, and to his surprise he found a
stalk of sugar-cane growing lustily. He eagerly cut it, and enough water came out to refresh him and his sister until the rains
came. Because of this, their children are called Bagobo.

6. The Three Friends- The Monkey, the Dog, and the
Carabao
Once there lived three friends,—a monkey, a dog, and a carabao. They were getting tired of city life, so they decided to
go to the country to hunt. They took along with them rice, meat, and some kitchen utensils.
The first day the carabao was left at home to cook the food, so that his two companions might have something to eat
when they returned from the hunt. After the monkey and the dog had departed, the carabao began to fry the meat.
Unfortunately the noise of the frying was heard by the Buñgisñgis in the forest. Seeing this chance to fill his stomach, the
Buñgisñgis went up to the carabao, and said, “Well, friend, I see that you have prepared food for me.”
For an answer, the carabao made a furious attack on him. The Buñgisñgis was angered by the carabao’s lack of
hospitality, and, seizing him by the horn, threw him knee-deep into the earth. Then the Buñgisñgis ate up all the food and
disappeared.
When the monkey and the dog came home, they saw that everything was in disorder, and found their friend sunk knee-
deep in the ground. The carabao informed them that a big strong man had come and beaten him in a fight. The three then
cooked their food. The Buñgisñgis saw them cooking, but he did not dare attack all three of them at once, for in union there is
strength.
The next day the dog was left behind as cook. As soon as the food was ready, the Buñgisñgis came and spoke to him in
the same way he had spoken to the carabao. The dog began to snarl; and the Buñgisñgis, taking offence, threw him down. The
dog could not cry to his companions for help; for, if he did, the Buñgisñgis would certainly kill him. So he retired to a corner of
the room and watched his unwelcome guest eat all of the food. Soon after the Buñgisñgis’s departure, the monkey and the

7. The next day the monkey was cook; but, before cooking, he made a pitfall in front of the stove. After putting
away enough food for his companions and himself, he put the rice on the stove. When the Buñgisñgis came,
the monkey said very politely, “Sir, you have come just in time. The food is ready, and I hope you’ll compliment
me by accepting it.”
The Buñgisñgis gladly accepted the offer, and, after sitting down in a chair, began to devour the food. The
monkey took hold of a leg of the chair, gave a jerk, and sent his guest tumbling into the pit. He then filled the
pit with earth, so that the Buñgisñgis was buried with no solemnity.
When the monkey’s companions arrived, they asked about the Buñgisñgis. At first the monkey was not
inclined to tell them what had happened; but, on being urged and urged by them, he finally said that the
Buñgisñgis was buried “there in front of the stove.” His foolish companions, curious, began to dig up the grave.
Unfortunately the Buñgisñgis was still alive. He jumped out, and killed the dog and lamed the carabao; but the
monkey climbed up a tree, and so escaped.
One day while the monkey was wandering in the forest, he saw a beehive on top of a vine.
“Now I’ll certainly kill you,” said some one coming towards the monkey.
Turning around, the monkey saw the Buñgisñgis. “Spare me,” he said, “and I will give up my place to you.
The king has appointed me to ring each hour of the day that bell up there,” pointing to the top of the vine.
“All right! I accept the position,” said the Buñgisñgis. “Stay here while I find out what time it is,” said the
monkey. The monkey had been gone a long time, and the Buñgisñgis, becoming impatient, pulled the vine. The
bees immediately buzzed about him, and punished him for his curiosity.

8. Maddened with pain, the Buñgisñgis went in search of the monkey, and found him playing with a boa-
constrictor. “You villain! I’ll not hear any excuses from you. You shall certainly die,” he said.
“Don’t kill me, and I will give you this belt which the king has given me,” pleaded the monkey. Now, the
Buñgisñgis was pleased with the beautiful colors of the belt, and wanted to possess it: so he said to the monkey,
“Put the belt around me, then, and we shall be friends.”
The monkey placed the boa-constrictor around the body of the Buñgisñgis. Then he pinched the boa, which
soon made an end of his enemy.

9. The Spider and the Fly
Mr. Spider wanted to marry Miss Fly. Many times he told her of his love and begged her to become his
wife, but she always refused for she did not like him.
One day when Miss Fly saw Mr. Spider coming again, she Fly closed all the doors and windows of her
house and prepared a pot of boiling water. Then she waited, and when Mr. Spider called, begging her to allow
him to enter, she answered by throwing boiling water at him. This made Mr. Spider very angry and he cried:
“I will never forgive you for this. I and my descendants will always despise you. We will never give you
any peace.”
Mr. Spider kept his word, and even today one can see the hatred of the spider for the fly.

10. The Hawk and the Hen
A hawk flying about in the sky one day decided that he would like to marry a hen whom he often saw on
earth. He flew down and searched until he found her, and then asked her to become his wife. She at once
agreed as long as he would wait until she could grow wings like his, so that she might also fly high. The hawk
agreed to this and flew away, after giving her a ring as an engagement present and telling her to take good
care of it.
The hen was very proud of the ring and placed it around her neck. The next day, however, she met the
cockerel who looked at her in astonishment and said, “Where did you get that ring? Do you not know that you
promised to be my wife? You must not wear the ring of anyone else. Throw it away.”
The hen threw away the beautiful ring.
Not long after this, the hawk came down bringing beautiful feathers to dress the hen. When she saw him
coming she was frightened and ran to hide behind the door, but the hawk called to her to come and see the
beautiful dress he had brought her. The hen came out, and the hawk at once saw that the ring was gone.
“Where is the ring I gave you?” He asked. “Why do you not wear it?”

11. The hen was too frightened and ashamed to tell the truth so she answered, “Oh, sir, yesterday when I was
walking in the garden, I met a large snake and he frightened me so that I ran as fast as I could to the house.
Then I missed the ring and I searched everywhere but could not find it.”
The hawk looked sharply at the hen, and he knew that she was deceiving him.
He said to her, “I did not believe that you could behave so badly. When you have found the ring I will come
down again and make you my wife. But as a punishment for breaking your promise, you must always scratch
the ground to look for the ring. Every chicken of yours that I find, I shall snatch away.”
Then he flew away, and ever since all the hens throughout the world have been scratching to find the
hawk’s ring.

12. The Miraculous Cow
There was once a farmer driving home from his farm in his kariton. He had tied his cow to the back of his cart, as he was
accustomed to do every evening on his way home. While he was going along the road, two boys saw him. They were Felipe
and Ambrosio. Felipe whispered to Ambrosio, “Do you see the cow tied to the back of that kariton? Well, if you will untie it, I
will take it to our house.”
Ambrosio approached the kariton slowly, and untied the cow. He handed the rope to Felipe, and then tied himself in the
place of the animal.
“Come on, Ambrosio! Don’t be foolish! Come on with me!” whispered Felipe impatiently.
“No, leave me alone! Go home, and I will soon be there!” answered the cunning Ambrosio.
After a while the farmer happened to look back. What a surprise for him! He was frightened to find a boy instead of his
cow tied to the kariton. “Why are you there? Where is my cow?” he shouted furiously. “Rascal, give me my cow!”
“Oh, don’t be angry with me!” said Ambrosio. “Wait a minute, and I will tell you my story. Once, when I was a small boy, my
mother became very angry with me. She cursed me, and suddenly I was transformed into a cow; and now I am changed back
into my own shape. It is not my fault that you bought me: I could not tell you not to do so, for I could not speak at the time.
Now, generous farmer, please give me my freedom! for I am very anxious to see my old home again.”

13. The farmer did not know what to do, for he was very sorry to lose his cow. When he reached home, he
told his wife the story. Now, his wife was a kind-hearted woman; so, after thinking a few minutes, she said,
“Husband, what can we do? We ought to set him free. It is by the great mercy of God that he has been
restored to his former self.”
So the wily boy got off. He rejoined his friend, and they had a good laugh over the two simple folks.

14. The Story of a Monkey
One day when a monkey was climbing a tree in the forest in which he lived, he ran a thorn into his tail. Try as he would,
he could not get it out, so he went to a barber in the town and said:
"Friend Barber, I have a thorn in the end of my tail. Pull it out, and I will pay you well."
The barber tried to pull out the thorn with his razor, but in doing so he cut off the end of the tail. The monkey was very
angry and cried:
"Barber, Barber, give me back my tail, or give me your razor!"
The barber could not put back the end of the monkey's tail, so he gave him his razor.
On the way home the monkey met an old woman who was cutting wood for fuel, and he said to her:
"Grandmother, Grandmother, that is very hard. Use this razor and then it will cut easily."
The old woman was very pleased with the offer and began to cut with the razor, but before she had used it long it broke.
Then the monkey cried:
"Grandmother, Grandmother, you have broken my razor! You must get a new one for me or else give me all the firewood."
The old woman could not get a new razor so she gave him the firewood.

15. The monkey took the wood and was going back to town to sell it, when he saw a woman sitting beside the
road making cakes.
"Grandmother, Grandmother," said he, "your wood is most gone; take this of mine and bake more cakes."
The woman took the wood and thanked him for his kindness, but when the last stick was burned, the
monkey cried out:
"Grandmother, Grandmother, you have burned up all my wood! Now you must give me all your cakes to pay
for it."
The old woman could not cut more dry wood at once, so she gave him all the cakes.
The monkey took the cakes and started for the town, but on the way he met a dog which bit him so that he
died. And the dog ate all the cakes.

16. The Presidente Who had Horns
Once there was a presidente who was very unjust to his people, and one day he became so angry that he wished
he had horns so that he might frighten them. No sooner had he made this rash wish, than horns began to grow on his
head.
He sent for a barber who came to his house to cut his hair, and as he worked the presidente asked:
"What do you see on my head?"
"I see nothing," answered the barber; for although he could see the horns plainly, he was afraid to say so.
Soon, however, the presidente put up his hands and felt the horns, and then when he inquired again the barber
told him that he had two horns.
"If you tell anyone what you have seen, you shall be hanged," said the presidente as the barber started away, and he
was greatly frightened.
When he reached home, the barber did not intend to tell anyone, for he was afraid; but as he thought of his
secret more and more, the desire to tell someone became so strong that he knew he could not keep it. Finally he went
to the field and dug a hole under some bamboo, and when the hole was large enough he crawled in and whispered
that the presidente had horns. He then climbed out, filled up the hole, and went home.

17. By and by some people came along the road on their way to market, and as they passed the bamboo they
stopped in amazement, for surely a voice came from the trees, and it said that the presidente had horns. These
people hastened to market and told what they had heard, and the people there went to the bamboo to listen to
the strange voice. They informed others, and soon the news had spread all over the town. The councilmen were
told, and they, too, went to the bamboo. When they had heard the voice, they ran to the house of the presidente.
But his wife said that he was ill and they could not see him.
By this time the horns had grown until they were one foot in length, and the presidente was so ashamed that
he bade his wife tell the people that he could not talk. She told this to the councilmen when they came on the
following day, but they replied that they must see him, for they had heard that he had horns, and if this were
true he had no right to govern the people.
She refused to let them in, so they broke down the door. They saw the horns on the head of the presidente
and killed him. For, they said, he was no better than an animal.

18. Spanish Colonial Text

19. QUE DIOS LE PERDONE
By: Carlos Calao
Que Dios le perdone al salvaje,
Al pagano de Mactán
Que no entendió la palabra
De Dios en el Capitán
Magallanes, a quién muerte
Dió por orden de Satán,
El enemigo de Cristo,
El ponsoñoso alacrán.
A dos cientos cobardes
Cali Pulaco mandó
Que se le tire arena
En los ojos a traición
Y que con pedradas y palos
Se le cayera el toisón:
¡Un hombre contra dos cientos
Salvajes sin corazón!
El Capitán Magallanes
Los invitó a servir
Al verdadero Dios servir nuestro;
Mas, aquel régulo vil
Llamado Cali Pulaco
No quiso ver ni sentir
La dádiva de la Fe
Y nos lo hizo morir.
Mas, no fue en vano la muerte
Del noble Conquistador.
El Niño Jesús que se entrona
En Cebú es hoy la flor
Que a su martirio perfuma.
Nadie recuerda al traidor
Que a Magallanes dió muerte.
Tal vez, otro vil traidor.

20. A LAS FLORES DE HEIDELBERG
by: Jose Rizal
¡Id a mi patria, id extranjeras flores
sembradas del viajero en el camino,
y bajo su azul cielo,
que guarda mis amores,
contad del peregrino
la fé que alienta por su patrio suelo!
Id y decid…; decid que cuando el alba
vuestro cáliz abrió por vez primera,
cabe el Neckar helado,
le vísteis silencioso a vuestro lado
pensando en su constante primavera.
Decid que cuando el alba,
que roba vuestro aroma,
cantos de amor jugando os susurraba,
él también murmuraba
cantos de amor en su natal idioma;
que cuando el sol la cumbre
del Koenigsthul en la mañana dora
y con su tibia lumbre
anima el valle, el bosque y la espesura,
saluda en ese sol, aún en su aurora,
al que en su patria en su cenit fulgura.
Y contad aquel día
cuando os cojía al borde del sendero,
entre las ruinas del feudal castillo
orilla al Neckar o en la selva umbría.
Contad lo que os decía,
cuando, con gran cuidado,
entre las páginas de un libro usado
vuestras flexibles hojas oprimía.
Llevad, llevad ¡oh flores!
amor a mis amores
paz a mi país y a su fecunda tierra,
fé a sus hombres, virtud a sus mujeres,
salud a dulces seres
que el paternal sagrado hogar encierra…
Cuando toquéis la playa,
el beso que os imprimo
depositadlo en alas de la brisa,
porque con ella vaya,
y bese cuando adoro, amo y estimo.
Mas ¡ay! llegaréis, flores,
conservaréis, quizás, vuestros colores;
pero lejos del patrio, heroico suelo,
a quién debeis la vida
perderéis los olores;
que aroma es alma, y no abandona el
cielo
cuya luz viera en su nacer, ni olvida.

21. EL CANTO DE MARÍA CLARA
by: Jose Rizal
¡Dulces las horas en la propia patria
donde es amigo cuanto alumbra el sol,
vida es la brisa que en sus campos vuela,
grata la muerte y más tierno amor!
Ardientes besos en los labios juegan,
de una madre en el seno al despertar,
buscan los brazos a ceñir el cuello,
y los ojos sonríense al mirar.
Dulce es la muerte por la propia patria
donde es amigo cuanto alumbra el sol;
muerte es la brisa para quien no tiene
una patria, una madre y un amor.

22. Mi Ultimo Adios
By: Jose Rizal
 Adios, Patria adorada, region del sol querida,
Perla del Mar de Oriente, nuestro perdido Eden!
A darte voy alegre la triste mustia vida,
Y fuera más brillante más fresca, más florida,
Tambien por tí la diera, la diera por tu bien.
En campos de batalla, luchando con delirio
Otros te dan sus vidas sin dudas, sin pesar;
El sitio nada importa, ciprés, laurel ó lirio,
Cadalso ó campo abierto, combate ó cruel martirio,
Lo mismo es si lo piden la patria y el hogar.
 Yo muero cuando veo que el cielo se colora
Y al fin anuncia el día trás lóbrego capuz;
Si grana necesitas para teñir tu aurora,
Vierte la sangre mía, derrámala en buen hora
Y dórela un reflejo de su naciente luz.
 Mis sueños cuando apenas muchacho adolescente,
Mis sueños cuando joven ya lleno de vigor,
Fueron el verte un día, joya del mar de oriente
Secos los negros ojos, alta la tersa frente,
Sin ceño, sin arrugas, sin manchas de rubor.
 Ensueño de mi vida, mi ardiente vivo anhelo,
Salud te grita el alma que pronto va á partir!
Salud! ah que es hermoso caer por darte vuelo,
Morir por darte vida, morir bajo tu cielo,
Y en tu encantada tierra la eternidad dormir.
 Si sobre mi sepulcro vieres brotar un dia
Entre la espesa yerba sencilla, humilde flor,
Acércala a tus labios y besa al alma mía,
Y sienta yo en mi frente bajo la tumba fría
De tu ternura el soplo, de tu hálito el calor.

23. Deja a la luna verme con luz tranquila y suave;
Deja que el alba envíe su resplandor fugaz,
Deja gemir al viento con su murmullo grave,
Y si desciende y posa sobre mi cruz un ave,
Deja que el ave entone su cantico de paz.
Deja que el sol ardiendo las lluvias evapore
Y al cielo tornen puras con mi clamor en pos,
Deja que un sér amigo mi fin temprano llore
Y en las serenas tardes cuando por mi alguien ore
Ora tambien, oh Patria, por mi descanso á Dios!
Ora por todos cuantos murieron sin ventura,
Por cuantos padecieron tormentos sin igual,
Por nuestras pobres madres que gimen su
amargura;
Por huérfanos y viudas, por presos en tortura
Y ora por tí que veas tu redencion final.
Y cuando en noche oscura se envuelva el
cementerio
Y solos sólo muertos queden velando allí,
No turbes su reposo, no turbes el misterio
Tal vez acordes oigas de citara ó salterio,
Soy yo, querida Patria, yo que te canto á ti.
Y cuando ya mi tumba de todos olvidada
No tenga cruz ni piedra que marquen su lugar,
Deja que la are el hombre, la esparza con la azada,
Y mis cenizas antes que vuelvan á la nada,
El polvo de tu alfombra que vayan á formar.
Entonces nada importa me pongas en olvido,
Tu atmósfera, tu espacio, tus valles cruzaré,
Vibrante y limpia nota seré para tu oido,
Aroma, luz, colores, rumor, canto, gemido
Constante repitiendo la esencia de mi fé.
Mi patria idolatrada, dolor de mis dolores,
Querida Filipinas, oye el postrer adios.
Ahi te dejo todo, mis padres, mis amores.
Voy donde no hay esclavos, verdugos ni opresores,
Donde la fé no mata, donde el que reyna es Dios.
Adios, padres y hermanos, trozos del alma mía,
Amigos de la infancia en el perdido hogar,
Dad gracias que descanso del fatigoso día;
Adios, dulce extrangera, mi amiga, mi alegría,
Adios, queridos séres morir es descansar.

24. MI PRIMERA INSPIRACIÓN
by: Jose Rizal
¿Porque exhalan a porfía
del cáliz dulces olores
las embalsamadas flores
en este festivo día?
¿Y porqué, en la selva
amena,
se oye dulce melodía,
que asemeja la armonía
en la arpada filomena?
¿Porqué en la mullida grama
las aves, al son del viento,
exhalan meloso acento
y saltan de rama en rama,
y la fuente cristalina,
formando dulce murmullo,
del céfiro al suave arrullo
entre las flores camina?
Es que hoy celebran tu día
¡oh, mi madre cariñosa!
con su perfume la rosa
y el ave con su armonía.
Y la fuente rumorosa,
en este día felice,
con su murmullo te dice
que vivas siempre gozosa.
Y, de esa fuente al rumor,
oye la primera nota,
que ahora de mi laud brota
al impulso de mi amor.