United Airlines Adoption Paper

United Airlines Adoption Paper
United Airlines customers got an unwelcome surprise this morning: Domestic departures were
delayed more than a half hour because of what appears to be incorrect "dispatching information" in
the airline's computer systems. About 150 United Airlines flights were grounded. United Airlines
aircraft were held on the ground across the United States for nearly 40 minutes early Tuesday for
unexplained technical issues, according to the Federal Aviation Administration. The FAA gave the
reason for the rare complete ground stop, which affected hundreds of flights, as "automation issues."
The stop began at 1254 GMT and was lifted at 1333 GMT. In a short statement, United said the stop
was "to ensure aircraft departed with proper dispatching information." "We resumed departures at
about ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As part of a modernization effort, pilots at United and at other major airlines now access manuals
and flight plans through tablets rather than paper. Planes in the air weren't affected. The stoppage
involving the world's second–largest airline lasted for less than an hour, according to air traffic
control notices from the Federal Aviation Administration. United has struggled with occasional
computer faults since the 2010 merger between former parent UAL Corp. and Continental Airlines
creating the current United Continental Holdings Inc. In February 2014, the system that handles
check–ins and other passenger services failed, disrupting travel for about three hours at United hub
airports including San Francisco, Washington, and Chicago. The previous month, a malfunction
stranded pilots and caused about 1,500 cancellations. United added extra precautions in 2012 after a
computer breakdown caused one of its planes to take off about 20,000 pounds (9,100 kilograms)
heavier than pilots believed, creating difficulties in getting the jetliner airborne similar to the recent
incident involving the Air France
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Airport Privatization 2
Airport Privatization:
Introduction:
Airport plays a key role of air transport; it has a big impact on development of economics in a
country. Freight passengers and cargo to any part of the world and it allows aircraft to land and take
off. An airport has to have a proper infrastructure, which consists of runaways, taxiways, apron,
terminal for arrival and departure of passengers, terminal for freight and ground interchange. It
should have a wide range of facilities; lounge for passengers, shops and a food court. For safety and
security it has to have an air traffic control to monitor all the incoming and outgoing flights to take
off and land, security personnel requires for baggage checks, individual screening using metal
detectors, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In United states, commercial airports have traditionally been independent of the national control,
operated locally by local or regional authorities and highly influenced by private interests,
specifically the airlines (with enough power to decide major facets of airport management and
development). While the other degree of participation of private interests in airports differs broadly
among states and cities, major U.S. commercial airports are operated through partnerships between
the government, local interests and private firms.
The Australian airport privatization began in 1994 when the Australian government announced the
decision to sell 22 airports that were owned and operated by the Federal Airports Corporation
(FAC). Under a long term leases, airlines are responsible extends to providing and maintaining
terminal infrastructures, with the airport operator only the land for the domestic terminals that are
under lease.
In other Asian countries, many major airports are expected to be privatized in the near future,
including Tokyo, Hongkong, and several airports in India. The ongoing structural reform in airport
sector has provided an opportunity for these airports seek funding from capital markets as well as
strategic investors.
Types of Privatization:
* Share flotation * Trade sale *

The Airport Security Of Aviation
Charlotte's International Airport is currently ranked as the fifth busiest airport in the USA
in terms of the takeoffs as well as landings. The airport improved in ranking by one spot in both
international and national rankings recording with an average of 544,944 takeoffs and landings in
2015. Charlotte airport witnessed approximately 44.9 million travellers in the year 2015, a record
of an increase by 1 percent. Most passengers using airplane tend to use the airport to switch from
one plane to another with approximately around 80 percent of the airport's passengers
connecting and reconnecting with friends and families.
The current rise in the market demand for aviation services around the world demands
analysis of airport demand among passengers regarding the current capacity of the airports.
Therefore, it is through proper planning of future and current airport amenities that the airports
will provide adequate strengths to support the growing demand for the services of aviation
(Paylor, 2015). The future of aviation is, therefore, oblique considering the evolution of
upcoming airport facilities and infrastructure, which are factors, deliberated when defining
airport's facility requirements.
The demand–capacity breakdown majorly focuses on airside and landside facilities such
as the runways apron space, taxiway, utilities as well as terminal buildings. Furthermore, demand
on airspace especially those facilities related to the capacity and

How Has 9/11 Affected Our Lives
September 11, 2001 is a day that will forever live in infamy inside the hearts and minds of American
citizens. On that morning, the world saw live the destruction and devastation that terrorism can
deliver right to our own backyard. Shocking images of the whole tragedy can still be seen on
television even now, a whole six months later, yet even now it still seems unimaginable. As most
Americans know, the Federal Government has implemented a huge amount of change to our foreign
and domestic policies as a result of 9/11. The most noticeable of these in our everyday lives can be
seen in our nation's airports. Huge amounts of money and resources have been spent to help make
sure that such a travesty will never ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is at this point, after the passengers have had themselves and their property searched twice (at the
ticket counter and security checkpoint), do they again become subject to hand wands, pat downs,
and bag searches. Only after all of these procedures have been completed is the passenger allowed
to board the aircraft. Although all the checks that passengers go through may be tedious, they are
not much compared to the increased workloads endured by airport employees after the terrorist
attacks. This leads me to my personal explanation of how 9/11 has affected my life at work.
Being a checkpoint supervisor before and after the attacks, I have seen first hand what changes have
been brought to civil aviation. In the months following September, the workload at my checkpoint
has increased so drastically that three extra workers have been hired for each shift just to
compensate for the extra load. The rise in labor is obviously not due to more passenger flow, but to
the strict policy changes brought about by the FAA. It would not be so hard on employees if the
aviation administration would stop changing guidelines and directives so much. I find it very hard to
adjust perfectly to each new ten–page directive every time one is issued and I constantly find myself
in a struggle between my supervisors and the screeners I am in charge of.

How Aviation Industry Influenced By Information System Essay
AVIATION INDUSTRY
How aviation industry influenced by information system?
1. History:
Aviation industry evolved after the World war 3 almost at 1950. With the passage of time many
advancement and changes occurred in this industry. But one of the most technical and informative
changes that occurs in late nineties was the GPS and TCAS in the aircraft. At that time there was no
much paper work in this industry to plan and integrate with others. But as the technology spread and
new advancement became aviation industry also adopted it. Much other advancement which
industry adopted was GBAS and ILS. But on the other hand industry have done much paper work at
airport building to reduce this many new modules were adopted. When industry was not highly
advanced people didn't trust to fly because there was the much risk of accidents.
2. Introduction: Aviation is currently the fastest growing industry in the world. 75% of the total
industry is owned by private companies mainly in the domestic markets. The aviation industry is
growing at compound annual growth rate of 15%. Airline companies lease or own their aircrafts are
into alliance with other companies with mutual benefits.
The aviation industry provides air transport services for passengers and cargo. The industry is
categorized into domestic, international, intra–continental and intercontinental routes. Some
companies are only into passenger or freight transportation whereas some are in both in national
market and

Airline Deregulation
Airline Deregulation act of 1978
Aston A Samms Embry Riddle Aeronautical University
Abstract
The United States Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 was a dramatic turning point in America. It was
the first systematic dismantling of a comprehensive system of government control since the
Supreme Court declared the National Recovery Act unconstitutional in 1935. It was also part of a
broader movement that, with varying degrees of thoroughness, transformed such industries as
trucking, railroads, buses, cable television, stock exchange brokerage, oil and gas,
telecommunications, financial markets, and even local electric and gas utilities. Since the Airline
Deregulation Act of 1978, the airline industry has experienced significant growth, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Today the hub and spoke concept is used at most major airports throughout the United States such
as Atlanta, Chicago, and Dallas. The new system allows air travelers two key concepts in air travel.
The first, experienced by those that live in close proximity to the central hub, saw a significant
increase in both flights available and service areas. The second key point is with air travelers that
live near the spoke or regional areas of the routes. Those near the spokes have gained hundreds of
new destinations with the new system. By traveling from the serving airports to the hubs air
travelers are able to reach destinations on servicing or regional airlines that would not have existed
prior to deregulation.
Although there was a deregulation of the airline industry, the one significant component that did not
change was the infrastructure of the airline industry. Constrained by the limitations of the airports
and the air traffic control system, airlines did not see significant increases in profits despite the large
growth and operations. As the airlines increased the number of flights and structure, the air traffic
control system did not experience the same increase. Because the ATC system was still controlled
and owned by the government, growth was, and continues to be slow.
Each year the Department of Transportation goes to Congress to request more funding for increases
in budgets to pay the salaries of more controllers and to improve ATC technology. To

Pest Analysis
MODULE TITLE: BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT/ TRAVEL & TOURISM BUSINESS
TOPIC : PEST ANALYSIS
PEST ANALYSIS
Introduction 3
History 3
Growth 3
PEST Analysis 4
Political Factors 4
Economic Factors 5
Social Factors 5
Technological Factors 6
Analyze your findings 7
Strategies pursued by the business to control PEST factors: 7
Recommendations 8
References 8
Oman Air
Introduction
Oman Air is the flag carrier of the Sultanate of Oman, based in Muscat, in which the government
holds 33.8% stake. It operates scheduled domestic and international passenger services, as well as

local air taxi and charter work. Its main hub is at the Seeb International Airport, Muscat. The airline
is member ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The immediate results were a huge drop in air traffic due to safety & security concerns of the
people. o International airlines are greatly affected by trade relations that their country has with
others. Unless governments of the two countries trade with each other, there could be restrictions of
flying into particular area leading to a loss of potential air traffic.
Economic Factors
Business cycles have a wide reaching impact on the airline industry. During recession, Oman Air is
considered a luxury & therefore spending on air travel is cut which leads to reduce prices. During
prosperity phase people indulge themselves in travel & prices increase.
After the September 11 incidents, the world economy plunged into global recession due to the
depressed sentiment of consumers. In Oman, the recession did not make any huge impact even
though Oman Air also had a % of loss. Because some companies in Oman due to recession the top
level managers were given economic class tickets instead of business class plane tickets. So there is
number of decrease in the travelers during recession time.
The loss of income for airlines led to higher operational costs not only due to low demand but also
due to higher insurance costs, this prompted the industry to lay off employees, which further fuelled
the recession as spending decreased due to the rise in unemployment.
Social Factors
The changing travel habits of people

The Atlanta Airport By Hartsfield Jackson Atlanta...
In order to be the words busies and most efficient airport in the world continuously the Hartsfield
Jackson Atlanta International Airport must have the proper set up that allows it to operate at an
extremely high level. The Atlanta Airport has the most ideal set up for its specific operation. The
airport as a whole sits on about 4,700 acres of land; the terminal and ramp areas themselves cover
approximately 130 acres. The terminal areas are where any of the millions of passengers that pass
through the airport every year can purchase tickets check and claim their baggage, and eat and drink
at their leisure. The concourse system at KATL is set up in linear satellite configuration. All
passengers pass through one of the three security check points on concourse T which is home to 15
gates beyond concourse T Concourse A through F are home to 191 domestic and international gates.
Passengers are transported through these concourses via moving sidewalks and an automated people
mover (Hartsfield–Jackson, 2016).
The 4,700 acres that the airport covers feature 5 parallel runways (8L/26R, 8R/26L, 9L/27R,
9R/27L, 10/28); all of the runways run east to west along with their associated taxiways. There are 2
runways on the North side of the airfield (The terminal area represents the middle of the airfield)
and 3 runways on the south side of the airfield. The advantage of having these parallel runways is
that during the operation there is no need to be concerned with aircraft crossing paths

Asian Flight : A Total Of 307 People On Board
Asian flight 214 had a total of 307 people on board. There were 4 crew members, 12 cabin crew and
291 passengers. Three of the 291 passengers were fatally injured. There were 40 passengers, and 8
cabin crew members, as well as 1 flight crewmembers who received serious injuries. The other 248
passengers, 4 flight attendants, and 3 flight crewmembers received minor injuries or were not
injured. The majority of the injures occurred when the tail was sheared from the rest of the fuselage
causing 5 people to be ejected from the aircraft. These include two crew members who were still
strapped into the rear jump seat and who incurred serious injuries but have survived. The 3
passengers who were seated in the last two rows of the aircraft incurred ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As part of the training the trainee pilot practiced simulated visual approaches, including approaches
without glideslope, and landing techniques where the flight parameters are constantly changing. By
June of 2013 the trainee pilot had accumulated over 9 hours of flight time as a Boeing 777 observer
(NTSB, 2013, pg. 14).
At the time of the accident the trainee pilot had only completed 33 hours of the required 60 flight
time required by Korean air regulations for transitioning to Boeing 777 aircraft. The reports on the
trainee pilot transition training are mixed. The first instructor pilot stated that the trainee made errors
in common to pilots transitioning to a new aircraft. While, the second instructor pilot stated that the
trainee pilot performed within acceptable parameters. The third instructor pilot was a lot more
critical of the trainee pilot, stating that the trainee pilot was not organized; ill– prepared for the flight
and deviated from standard operating procedures on multiple occasions. He also stated that during
one training flight the trainee pilot allowed the decent rate of the aircraft to get a little high causing
the flight path of the aircraft to drop below the desired glidepath causing the landing flare to be
initiated early (NTSB, 2013, pg. 15).
The records of Asian Airlines indicate that the trainee pilot had made 29 prior flights to SFO airport
as a Boeing 747 first officer, and of those 29 flights he made

Southwest Airlines Hub Capacity And Congestion Management
Giancarlo Villafaña
Southwest Airlines Hub Capacity and Congestion Management
ASCI602 The Air Transportation System
06 June 2015
Abstract
Southwest Airlines shot out of the gates, much to the chagrin of their competitors as a short haul,
low fare, and high frequency carrier. As SWA expanded and deregulation occurred, they had to
decide what kind of airline they wanted to be and how they would adapt to the changing
environment. The FAA reports that passenger numbers are expected to reach a billion passengers in
2023 (FAA, 2011). Most Airlines are responding to the increased demand by centralizing and
consolidating their assets. This in turn creates a situation where capacity is maximized in some
airports and congestion increases causing significant delay. Demand will continue to rise over the
next few decades and these airlines must rely on regulators and policy makers to upgrade the very
necessary infrastructure and technology. Southwest's strategy is to remain a point to point carrier
instead of the traditional hub and spoke carrier, satisfying their customer demand with lower
congestion at underutilized airports with more flights. However Southwest continues to remain
flexible looking forward as it adopts hub and spoke techniques, coordinates with the FAA and
governing bodies, and invests heavily in its most important airports to stay ahead of the pack.
In the early seventies, SWA was begun by a couple of innovators in Teas, Rollin King and

High Cost Of Entry And Market Domination Limits Entrants...
Barriers to Entry – High cost of entry and market domination limits entrants into the industry. The
upfront cost for new airlines is capital intensive. In addition, it's difficult for new airlines to obtain
airport slots for takeoff and landing which are determined by the airports. Established airlines
already hold the monopoly over slots at certain airports, making it harder for new airlines to
infiltrate (Airlines Industry Profile, 2014). The industry is also dominated by five key airlines;
American, United, Delta, Southwest and JetBlue which make it difficult for new airlines to gain
market share. At 40 of the 100 largest U.S. airports, a single airline controls a majority of the
market. At 93 of the top 100, one or two airlines control a majority of the seats (Koenig &
Mayerowitz, 2015). In addition, with fuel being the number one cost for airlines, the volatile fuel
prices make it hard for new airlines to make a profit. Domestic airlines in the U.S. spend a
combined $2 to $5 billion on jet fuel every month. As a stat up airlines, the price paid for fuel is the
same weather planes are full or empty which could stop new airlines from entering the industry.
Lastly, the FAA has strict regulations which discourage new airlines from entering the industry. All
new entrants must abide by Federal Aviation Authority regulations on airworthiness, pilot
competence, and related issues (Airline Industry Profile, 2014). Overall, entry into the airline
industry is high and there is

Operations of Airlines
"The world commercial airline industry is one of the most diverse, dynamic and perplexing in the
world " (Globale Airline Industry Program). The airports are exceptionally complex facilities and
highly renowned for the variety of services and resources it provides to both the airlines and its
users. Airlines and airports are inextricably intertwined together and none of them can survive
without the other. The aviation industry is growing at an exponential rate. The demands for an
effective and efficient ground handling system became the fundamental standards in successful
aircraft operation and increase in airline image. The directives adopted by the 15 member states are
divided into three general models, US, EU and third party models. In ... Show more content on
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Introduction of decentralised airports reduced walking distance from one terminal to another. Even
to a point where passengers who opted to fly in one individual carrier didn't have to walk miles and
miles to get to their carriers terminal. For example Dallas–fort Worth international airport consists
of five terminals each offer their own parking areas and a short distance walk from the car park to
the terminal. On the marketing side the aviation industry became more and more competitive.
Airlines fare prices have risen and declined. Carriers adopted strategic approaches to out compete
with other airlines by introducing low cost carriers as well as maintaining their full service carriers.
Not only airlines opted new strategies in making profit airports as well started to increase their
revenues by charging aircraft parking fees, landing fees, air traffic charges, handling services and
fuel taxes to the airlines to make up payments for infrastructure costs and other internal services
costs. Safety record and providing top quality services to passenger and airlines establishes the basis
of well operated airport system.
Airports are regarded one of the most prominent facilities in the world, thus any terrorist attacks
would deal unspeakable damages to the country and lose of citizens lives. Governments rely heavily
on airport generating tourist revenues, if any vicious attacks

Essay on Manchester Airport and Mcdonald's
This report will cover a comparison between two organizations – Manchester Airport and
McDonald's– main business functions; structure and contribution to the operation of these
organizations. Furthermore, I shall critically evaluate the benefits, and any disadvantages of the
organizational arrangements for managing these business functions in each case.
Manchester Airport
One of Britain's and the world's principal airports, handling millions of passengers each year,
connecting the North of England with global destinations. Still growing, have an exciting and
promising future, but an equally illustrious past which began in 1928. Manchester airport is
managed independently by Manchester Airport PLC and owned by all 10 Metropolitan ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, Manchester is aiming to expand its business; while providing sustainable transport
network with high standards of services for all its passengers – recent airport capability is to handle
around 20 million passengers among the largest regional airports in Britain "Best UK Airport." The
vision is to double passengers number to approximately 42 million passengers per annum by 2015
reflects its mission "Best Airport in the World" and consequently increase destinations (currently
hosts 91 airlines such as JMC and flights are chartered to 175 destinations).
In addition, buying shares in other major UK and Australian airports and the development of ground
transport interchange to help public arrive using public transports and check more efficiently and
quickly.
Manchester has undertaken several projects such as: Terminal 1, 2 and 3, to maintain short to
medium term.
Besides increasing profits, Manchester attract people attention while minimizing their products
environmental impact; noise, pollution and exercises to keep birds around runways to protect their
lives from airplane engines.
Quality assurance and control
To assure the quality of airport services, Manchester has sat up "International Scientific Advisory
Council" last year. The council consists of worldwide expertise evaluated airplanes and machines
safety practices, assure airport compliance with government rules and create new

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Southwest Airlines
The domestic airlines in the US market is the broader context in which Southwest Airlines conducts
its business. As a domestic airline, Southwest Airlines provides air transportation for cargo and
passengers along scheduled routes and on routine intervals. The airline industry is a service industry
comprised of the following services: coach class passenger transportation, first class passenger
transportation, business class passenger transportation, and cargo. However, Southwest Airlines is
unique from many of its competitors in the airline industry because it does not provide any
distinctive classes of transportation. The single class of transportation it provides may be considered
coach. Therefore, the two services that Southwest ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Southwest's expertise was in providing consistent fun, enjoyable, unique customer service. They
achieved this by making jokes, playing games in the terminals, and offering free alcoholic
beverages. The airline put employees first, making them feel like valuable assets. In turn, they did
their job energetically, treated customers with respect, and make flying on Southwest airlines a
unique experience. People enjoyed the light atmosphere; it would help to reduce the anxiety of
nervous flyers. Southwest was known for its stewardess's in knee high boots and colorful uniforms.
Along side the employees, Southwest's distinctive competence was it's shorter and cheaper travel
time, which beat out all major competitors. Southwest had the lowest cost/low–price/no–frills
strategy that offered a single class of service at the lowest price, making air travel more affordable.
Now, they captured more of the market that otherwise would not be targeted. Creating millions of
new customers that would eventually turn into loyal customers. Southwest was the first airline to
introduce ticketless travel. Customers were able to order tickets online and simply use their drivers
license at the airport to confirm their reservation. This innovative technology led to no lines at the
ticket counter and more on time flights. In addition to the time cutting strategies, Southwest's whole
operating system was even the fastest. They used a point–to–point system

Contribution Of The Aviation Industry On The Uk Economy
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Impact of Trade
2.1 International Trade
2.2 Overall Trade
3. Impact of Tourism
4. Impact of Employment
5. Impact of Tax
6. Conclusion
Contribution of the aviation industry to the UK Economy
1. Introduction
This explosion provides research of how the UK Economy contributes to the Aviation industry in
various way with the standard points and innovation – have impacted on UK economic growth
through the Aviation industry. By this report, contribution to UK economy has explained such as
trade, tourism, employment and government tax. This report will pay particular attention in trade
contribution current status, value added contribution details of Tourism impact, direct and ... Show
There was a huge amount of works on the collaboration between trade and transport costs.
Improvements from the trade should be balanced the related transaction costs, in the method of
direct expenses for the transportation service, because of the value associated with the quick option
for transporting goods. Another important locational conclusion influences, mainly for export–
oriented businesses, is closeness to airports with the wide transport.
So international trade is an essential part for the UK economy. Also it has given more strength and
growth to the overall aviation. Global market and business prospects are one of the most important
thing under the trade. Therefore short of the international profession it will be a big lost for UK
economic growth.
For example, UK not only doing trade locally, there is a huge demand for international products in
UK. Manufactured branded Australian TV, famous tasty tea from Asian countries, branded products
are trading from UK to other countries So potentially they are transferring the object domestic and
international vise.

4. Impact of Employment
There is a considerable illustration is there through the employment impact with the aviation
industry to UK economy. It can be seen by two main section to direct

Analysis Of Pest Analysis Airline Industry
2. ANALYSIS OF THE EXTERNAL AND INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT.
PEST is «an acronym for political, economic, social, and technological – external factors that
commonly affect business activities and performance» (Aguilar, 1967). PESTE is a variation of
PEST analysis and it includes environmental factors in the macro environment.
2.1. Political Factors.
Political arena has a huge influence upon the regulation of businesses. It includes government
regulations and legal issues under which business should operate.
The United Kingdom's political stability was tested by the London terrorist bombings several times
during the last decade. Of course it led to a slight drop of the airline industry (Keynote, 2013),
because of strengthening airport and flight security the profitability of major airlines reduced.
Other political factor which influence on airline sector is «EU Clamps Down on Airline Fares».
Airlines that advertise attractive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Increasing strength of the pound against major global currencies is an advantage for the airline
industry of the UK. The inflationary and fluctuation tendencies of the dollar have worked to the
advantage of the UK airline industry (Keynote, 2013). Nevertheless, the domestic economic
growth's slowdown has affected the airline industry of UK since it has decreased the power of the
people to use air as their preferred type of traveling. The recent global economic meltdown hit the
airline industry very hard. Most of the major players of Great Britain airline industry suffered from
massive wastes during the global economic meltdown (Business Week, 2008). For some of them
was had to lay off their workers during the recession. As we have already told in our work the
increased cost of fuel affected this industry. This has impacted on the profitability of the airline
industry and the situation has been worsened by the situation in the Arab world (Done,

The Current Global Economic Crisis Would Change the Face...
INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL AVIATION
Lucas Lee
Executive Summary
The current global economic crisis has changed the way aviation industry goes about its business. It
has brought about a boom in low–cost carriers, which has made travelling by air cheaper for the
masses. Services offered by airlines and airports are also of higher standards to make people want to
travel by air.
The economic downturn has seen a significant drop of investments in the aviation market. Airport
ground handlers and airplane part manufacturers have also had to retrench their workers in order to
counterbalance the poor market. The amount of air traffic is likely to decrease as well, as people are
travelling lesser and choosing cheaper alternatives.
People ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pratt & Whitney, an engine manufacturer for planes, is set to cut 200 jobs in an attempt to
counterbalance the poor market. The big players like Boeing and Airbus may face such problems in
the future even though large amount of orders for the B787 and A380 have been placed. They may
have to come up with better variants in order to keep up their sales.
There would also be a change in the volume of air traffic. The previously busy air traffic may die
down due to the fact that people are travelling lesser. People would also want to travel cheaper.
Hence, instead of taking planes they would choose cheaper means of transportation like trains, ships
and coaches.
With the decrease in amount of flights, ground handlers may have lesser things to do and they may
face retrenchment. Product sales in the airport shops may drop as well since there are lesser people
visiting the airport. Airports may not be earning as much as before and terminals may eventually be
closed to sustain the financial situation.
The face of aviation would have to change in order to sustain the current situation, and the fact that
the economy downturn has already started to show it's effects, the industry has to evolve and remain
relevant to suit the needs of people, and in time to come I believe that aviation would be forced to
become cheaper in order to recover from the current economic crisis.

References:
M. Gubisch, Jul 2009, "Boeing declares dividend of 42 cents per

Impact Of Globalization On A Country's Economy
When we think of a country's economy the first thing that comes to mind is how successful a
country is, and how successful a country is determines its status as a global power. One of the tools
used to measure a country's economy is call Gross Domestic Product (GDP). GDP can be defined as
the value all the goods and services produced within a country within a given period of times, such
as a financial quarter or a year. Over the years we have seen an increase in globalization, which is
the integration between companies and governments of different countries, which has lead to an
increased international trade. As a result of globalization countries can produce more because they
are more markets for their products, which in returns adds to GDP. One of the engines of
globalization is the transportation and logistics industry, and this industry is considered an engine
because without the industry globalization would not be possible. Today with globalization
companies can set up factories in low income countries across the world like China and India, and
sell the their finish product in the united states making huge profits. Maximizing the profits of
companies depends on good transportation and logistics management, because when these products
are finish they have to be transported to the United States. Goods can be transported in many
different modes of transportation, the most popular mode for international trade are ships, because
they are more economical, but airplanes,

Us Air Flight 1549 Research Paper
On January 15, 2009, about 3:27 PM eastern standard time, US Airways flight 1549, an Airbus
Industrie A320–214, N106US, piloted by First Officer Jeffrey Skiles and monitored by Captain
Chesley B. "Sully" Sullenberger was scheduled for domestic commercial flight from LaGuardia
Airport, New York City, New York to Seattle–Tacoma International Airport in SeaTac, Washington
experienced loss of thrust in both engines after encountering multiple bird strike during its take off
and was ditched on the Hudson River roughly eight miles from LaGuardia Airport, New York City,
New York about two minutes before the in–flight event occurred. All 155 occupants safely
evacuated the airplane by the forward and over–wing exits and were rescued from nearby
watercraft. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Damages are visible to the flaps and the right engine while the fuselage looks almost undamaged
shown in figure 3. Figure 3: Crane lifts N106US back onto dry ground
The right engine was found attached to the wing with fractures and deformation in several locations
of the nacelle while the left engine was found eight days after the accident, separated near the initial
impact location with the waters (Knezevic). Both engines were sent to the Smithsonian Institution
for analysis. Around the time of the incident, they were able to find feather and tissue samples from
both engines (shown in figure 4) but wasn't able to discriminate between multiple birds within the
same species, sex, and maturity level (National). A more detailed DNA analysis was completed in
February 2010 and determined that the left engine contained both male and female Canada geese
remains, indicating that the engine ingested at least two geese. The average length can range
between 25 to 45 inches while the average weight of a male Canada goose is from 3 to 13 pounds,
and the average weight of a female goose is from 3 to 11 pounds (Canada). The Smithsonian
Institution report stated that only male Canada goose remains were found in the right engine,
suggesting that it might have only ingested one bird; however, a comparison of the physical features

West Caribbean Airways Flight Analysis Essay
In the early hours of the morning on Tuesday, August 16th 2005, West Caribbean Airways Flight
708 was a West Caribbean Airways charter flight which crashed in a mountainous region of
northwest Venezuela. With eight crew members and 152 passengers the McDonnell Douglas MD–
80 departed Tocumen International Airport (PTY) in Panama City, Panama and headed to
Martinique Aimé Césaire International Airport (FDF) in Fort–de–France, Martinique, France. After
initially climbing to FL310, and subsequently to FL330 to level off, the Captain of the aircraft
noticed the engines sounded abnormal. Reacting to sounds of the engines, the Captain began to take
corrective actions to correct the problem, by starting a rapid descent as a precaution. The time from
the initial radio call from the first officer declaring engine problems to the subsequent crash took
only 9:00 minutes. This research paper will delve into the chain of mistakes that were made in order
for this terrible accident to have occured.
Background In 1998 the charter service West Caribbean Airways was started in Medellín, Columbia
by company founder Hassan Tannir. The organization focused flights primarily in Central America,
part of the mainland of Colombia, and San Andrés in the Caribbean. It operates largely domestic
services, and its main base of operations are out of Olaya Herrera Airport (EOH), Medellín. West
Caribbean Airways began flight in 1999 with four Let L–410's that supported flights between

Ft Berkshire Airport Case Study
The Ft Lauderdale airport (FLL) serves the Fort Lauderdale, Hollywood, and Dania Beach region as
well as acting as a hub for further travel south into the Caribbean. Southwest, JetBlue,
Spirit, and Delta make up the majority of the airline traffic, and Spirit Airlines utilizes Ft.
Lauderdale as a hub for its operations in the region. The Ft. Lauderdale airport is currently the
22nd busiest airport in the United States, serving 89,330 scheduled flights in 2016 and 10.7 million
passengers. (Bureau of Transportation Statistics, 2016) The FAA and the local airport management
have implemented plans to expand parallel runway operations to increase the airport's capacity. In
addition to the growing airport infrastructure, the FAA implementation ... Show more content on
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(Bureau of Transportation Statistics,
2016) One of the limitations from this case study is that the data is derived from the United
States Bureau of Transportation Statistics, and the numbers they post are for domestic flights only.
However, using statistics from the Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport, we can see the
true amount of traffic that passes through the airfield. The overall traffic for Ft.
Lauderdale in 2015 was 26,941,511, which was 9.3% greater than what was recorded in 2014.
These numbers also demonstrate that sixteen million of the passenger movements were for
international travel. The act of serving as a hub for travel into the Caribbean has pushed Ft.
Lauderdale into being the 4th fastest growing airport in the United States, with total traffic up
9.4%. (Ft Lauderdale International, 2016) The Ft. Lauderdale International airport has seen much of
its growth driven by connecting flights to the Caribbean. In turn, the Caribbean has experienced a
7% increase in tourists in 2015, with more people opting to travel abroad in the improving economic
conditions. (UNWTO, 2015) This increase in tourism must be met by an increase in airport capacity
to handle the influx of passengers at hubs like Ft. Lauderdale or
Miami.
The ability to accommodate the aggressive growth of passenger traffic through Ft.
Lauderdale is outlined in the FAA's Future Airport Capacity Task (FACT3) report detailing
projected air travel

Delays And Congestion At Frontier's East
Passenger air travel has been forecasted to increase to over 1 billion persons annually by 2023. This
alone has a great likelihood of negatively impacting airport capacity at several of Frontier Airlines'
major hubs due to inefficient runway use. This case study will focus on delays and congestion at
Frontier's east coast hub, Philadelphia International Airport (PHL), and how improvements can
effectively reduce the amount of delayed flights Frontier consistently experiences.
Background
Philadelphia Municipal Airport opened on June 20, 1940 along the banks of the Delaware River. By
year's end, approximately 40,000 passengers travelled through the airport. By 1945, the municipal
airport became Philadelphia International Airport (PHL) courtesy of transatlantic service by
American
Overseas Airlines. In the 1960s and 1970s, expansion and modernization paved way for the airport
facility in use today.
Increased popularity of air travel, population growth, and urban development have all contributed to
the increase in congestion and decrease in capacity at PHL over the years. FAA records as far back
as
1995 show that PHL ranked consistently as one of the most delayed airports (FAA, 2010). Many of
these delays at PHL have secondary and tertiary effects at the airports to which the originating
flights are destined. Hub and spoke carrier passengers depending on their on–time arrival may miss
connecting flights and, at times, additional onward flights, cruises, or other important events.

The Threat Of Terrorist Groups Place High Value
There is substantial evidence which supports the idea that terrorist groups place high value is using
shoulder–fire MANPAD weapon systems to destroy civilian jet aircraft. Successfully attacking a
civilian plane not only poses a great economic threat by effectively shutting down the commercial
aviation industry, it would also create a loss of confidence in the United States ability to defend
itself which, in of itself, holds great symbolic value. While the previous post examined mitigation
strategies centered around the aircraft, this post examines potential strategies that may be used to
minimize the threat from the ground, or more specifically, the airport. While no one strategy offers
the ability to completely eliminate the threat, there is existing literature which offers potential
strategies through a multi–layered approach.
Designing any sort of counter–MANPAD strategy will likely cost a great amount of money, and
airport planners will have to convince stakeholders the potential risk of a MANPAD incident. A
coordinated or well planned attack which results in catastrophic loss of life and aircraft(s) would
likely have cascading affects throughout the aviation industry, significantly effecting commerce and
travel. It must therefore be understood that any front end investment, in millions, could likely insure
continued daily operations in the event of a planned attack and preserve billions in potentially lost
revenue on the back end.
Any defensive measure built

Airport Essay
Table of Contents
List of Figures iv
List of Table iv
List of Abbreviations v
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Airport 1
1.2 Research objectives 1
1.3 Method 2
2 Literature review 2
2.1 Economic Importance of Airport 2
2.1.1 Definitions & Methodologies: 3
2.2 Aeronautical Noise: 5
3 Operational Restrictions as a solution 7
4 Economic Impacts of the Operation Restrictions 8
4.1 Economic Impact on Airports: 8
4.2 Economic Impact on Airlines: 8
5 Measuring the Economic Impact of Operation Restrictions 9
5.1 Air Traffic 9
5.2 Demand 9
5.3 Capacity of the Aeronautical Infrastructure 10
5.4 Staff Adjustments 11
5.5 Airlines route planning 11
5.6 Employment generated off the airport site 11
5.7 Aeronautical and non–aeronautical revenue 11
6 Economic Impacts on Indian Aviation and Airlines due to Night Flight Operation Restrictions 12
6.1 Restriction on Night Operations of Chapter 2 Aircraft: 13
7 Appendix 15
8 Conclusion 16
9 References 17
List of Figures
Figure 1 : Key factors in economic impact caused by airports (Torvonin, 2005) 2
Figure 2 : Key impacts caused by airport and aviation activities ( UK, 2011) 5
Figure 3: Direct Impact of Delhi Airport 13

Figure 4 – Delhi Airport contribution to National and Regional Economics 14
Figure 5 : Air Cargo growth and its impact on GDP growth in India Source: NCAER,2012 14
List of Table
Table 1 : Noise Levels (IGI, 2001) 6
Table 2 : Permissible Noise levels at Indian Airports ( IGI, 2001) 6
List of Abbreviations

The Main Reasons For Government And Privatize Their Airports
Week 1: Identify and discuss the main reasons for a government to privatize their airports.
In basic terms Privatisation is essentially the shift of assets from the public or government owned
sector to the private sector, an important point to note is that privatisation doesn't always refer to
ownership, but can also refer only to the management of an organisation.
The advantages of privatisation include greater efficiency and fewer limitations involved in
government spending allowances. Up until the 1990's privatisation of airports was mainly within the
general aviation, municipal type airfields. Airports were gradually considered as "commercial
enterprises", and as such commercialisation began to take place.
Supporters of privatisation argue that it will reduce the need for public investment and give greater
access to commercial markets. By doing this they are limiting government control, which may be a
benefit in itself as there will be more space for diversification. With a wide share of ownership there
can be far greater input from a range of sources. In a sense the government will still benefit from
privatisation, as even though they may have less control overall, they will still benefit from the
global market and from government associated taxes and levies not just on the airports movements
but also taxing of the airport company itself. Conversely on the side of doubt, there is concern that
privatisation may create a monopoly that could potentially be over

Project Management : The Brisbane Airport
Contents
Task A: Background of the project 2
SOME FACTS 2
REQUIREMENTS 3
OUTCOMES 3
Task B: Project Risk Management 3
The graph 5
TASK C: Project Control System 6
TASK D: Critical Evaluation 7
Monitoring 7
Go/No–Go Control 7
Earned value analysis 8
Project Tracking 8
Post Control 8
Cybernetic control 8
CONCLUSION 8
Bibliography: 9
Task A: Background of the project
The Brisbane Airport is located 14 kilometers north east of the Brisbane central business district. As
much as 27 airlines fly from the airport in 43 different national and 39 international destinations.
The Brisbane airport is making some modifications in the Brisbane airport by introducing a new
parallel runway to ease up the traffic of airplanes. This will help to reduce the delays in the flights
both arriving and departing from the airport. This project was started in the year 2014 and is
expected to be completed in the year 2020. The new parallel runway (NPR) will be 3.3 kilometers
and 60 meters wide. It will be located 2 km west of and parallel to the existing runway. The
investment of the project is 1.35 billion dollars. More than 12 km of taxiways will be there which
will help the flights to leave the runways at higher speeds in traffic conditions. (BNE, 2015)
SOME FACTS
The greatest aviation project in Australia, when complete will give Brisbane the best runway
framework in the country.
As much as360 hectaresof delicate marshland has been recovered by pumping 11 million cubic
meters of

Persuasive Essay On 9 / 11
On September 11th, the day that would change America and the nation forever. The twin towers
being a target to terrorists.The hijackers deliberately took control over the plane, leaving passengers
panicking for their lives. Airlines and airplanes were ordered to shut down all over the United
States. "Immediately after the attacks, domestic air flights were ceased immediately for various
days, for terror of additional attacks" (9/11 Effects in the USA, Soong). After 9/11, people were still
petrified to even travel. Since then, the airline industry has modified it's rules and regulations from
then. They were more rigorous to what items are and aren't allowed aboard; items had to come in
traveling sizes to even permit in the plane. In a ripple effect, it was like the whole economy of the
United States and the universe was frozen in place.
Before 9/11, individuals were permitted to carry all sorts of things through airports. For ex. Box
cutters and blades that were up to 4 inches long that could aboard the airplane. The law never
prohibited them and even they would have been tough to detect without a strong metal detector. At
the airport, appearance and behavior were rarely a cause a alarm. To travel, before 9/11 passports to
visit the country that borders the United States was not needed. All liquids that were brought aboard
were not restricted. Out of all of the luggages, only certain luggages were scanned. The cockpit
doors were not fully locked, meaning that passengers were

Airline Industry. The Airline Industry Offers An Efficient
Airline Industry
The airline industry offers an efficient and unique service to customers. This industry is able to
provide convenient transportation to people that wants to travel long distances. The airplane has
been an invention that has improved the way people travel from one place to another. People has
been able to experience traveling in a different way since the presence of airplanes. The airline
industry has developed over time and is making it possible to travel to far places in a small amount
of time. With airplanes available it is possible to visit and even do business in places that one day
we thought were extremely hard to reach.
The market in which the airline industry takes place is extremely competitive. The airline ... Show
Another factor that lowers the threat of new entry is that this industry requires plane and flying
experience. New airlines will have to hire and train pilots, flight attendants, baggage handlers,
dispatchers, customer service and others. If someone wants to open an airline company not only he
will have to invest large quantities of money to function, but he will have to dedicate a significant
amount of time.
The Power of Suppliers – High The power of supplier is immense in the airline industry because
there are very few suppliers. Due to the limited number of suppliers, they are able to control and set
the prices. For this reason there is not competition among suppliers. The major suppliers are the
airplane manufacturers, and the supply business is mainly controlled by Boeing and Airbus. The fuel
costs in an airline is one of the largest expenses an there is a limited amount of suppliers that offer
fuel to the industry. The airline companies only have certain options when it comes the number of
airports they want to service. An issue that an airline company can face is that it cannot easily
switch suppliers. The reason is the switching costs, usually firms have long term contracts with their
supplier and the buyout of the contract will incur in high switching cost. A problem that a supplier
can come across is that the product they offer is standardized and similar

The Consequences Of The Northwest Road Plane
On 16 August, 1987 at approximately 8:45 pm, Northwest Flight 255 took off from Detroit
Metropolitan Wayne County Airport in Michigan. After liftoff the plan began to roll from side to
side being less than 50 feet above the ground and was unable to climb to a higher altitude. Due to
the plane rolling from side to side, with the left wing striking a light pole causing it to catch fire and
disintegrate. This caused the plane to roll approximately 90 degrees to the left where it struck the
roof of a rental car company before crashing into a roadway where it struck vehicles before breaking
apart with the fuselage hitting a railroad overpass and the I–94 eastbound overpass. 148 out of 149
passengers, all six crew members were killed by the crash

Airline Passenger Bill of Rights
In 2006 the FlyersRights.org was formed by Kate Hanni because she and her family were stranded
for 9 hours on the tarmac in Austin, Texas. They were not allowed to leave the aircraft and were
forced to endure the heat and smells filling the cabin from the on board lavatories. The passenger
Bill of Rights was not new at that time, FlyersRights.org stated "The bill, which had been stalled in
Congress since at least 1999, allows passengers the option of getting off delayed planes after 3 hours
on the ground, and requires airlines to provide adequate food, water, temperature controls,
ventilation and working toilets to accommodate a 3–hour delay" (FlyersRights.org, 2013). Due to
Kate Hanni's persistence her congressman Democrat Mike Thompson introduced legislation which
would force airlines to allow passengers to deplane after 3 hours on the tarmac. In 2007 Democrat
Senator Barbra Boxer and Republican Senator Olympia Snowe joined in bipartisanship to introduce
S.678 IS –– Airline Passenger Bill of Rights Act of 2007 this bill's intent is "To amend title 49,
United States Code, to ensure air passengers have access to necessary services while on a grounded
air carrier and are not unnecessarily held on a grounded air carrier before or after a flight, and for
other purposes" (The Library of Congress, 2013). The major changes to Title 49 of the U.S. Code
include provisions of food and water to the passengers and also the right to deplane. In 2009,
Senators Boxer and Snowe

The Crash Of A Chartered Bombardier Learjet Model
On September 19, 2008 at 11:53 pm eastern standard daylight time, a chartered Bombardier Learjet
Model 60, N999LJ, owned by Inter Travel and Services, Inc., and operated by Global Exec Aviation,
overran runway 11 during a RTO at Columbia Metropolitan Airport, Columbia, South Carolina. The
captain, first officer and two other passengers were killed. The cockpit voice recorder caught
multiple loud rumbling sounds, which was later concluded in the NTSB report to be tires blowing
out. The tires were sequential blowing out due to the insufficient maintenance of the tires by Global
Exec Aviation. The recorders also documented confused conversations by the crew, regarding the
unexpected noises. The pilot committed to a RTO after V1 and after a ... Show more content on
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Safety recommendations to perform were required from the crew and pilot to monitor tire pressures
and checks, pilot's needed training on tire failure scenarios, change deficiencies in the Learjet's
system with thrust reverse, and require that all Learjet pilots receive training, for takeoff as well as
landing phases of flight (NTSB, 2010).
History of Flight
Incident
On September 19, 2008 at 11:53 pm eastern standard daylight time, a chartered Bombardier Learjet
Model 60, N999LJ, owned by Inter Travel and Services, Inc., and operated by Global Exec Aviation,
overran runway 11 during a RTO at Columbia Metropolitan Airport, Columbia, South Carolina. The
aircraft crashed and burned after the crew was unable to stop the aircraft before departing the
runway. The captain, the first officer, and two passengers were killed; two other passengers were
seriously injured. The chartered passenger flight was headed to Van Nuys, California. The flight was
ready for departure just prior to midnight. After analysis of the cockpit voice recorder (CVR)
transcript, it was revealed that the flight crew received clearance instructions from the CAE ground
controller to taxi from the northeast fixed–base operator's (FBO) parking ramp to runway 11. After a
short conversation with the first officer about which way to turn, the captain, who was the pilot
flying, turned the aircraft left onto taxiway U. The controller provided a corrected taxi clearance
after detecting

Exm 2557 Submit Essay
National Institute of Business Management
Chennai – 020
EMBA/ MBA
Elective: Airline and Airport Management (Part –1)
Attend any 4 questions. Each question carries 25 marks
(Each answer should be of minimum 2 pages / of 300 words)
1. Airline management practice has evolved significantly over the past three decades. The
development of this practice has contributed to recent advances in computation and communication
technologies and, more importantly, the need to reduce costs and increase revenues. Explain.
2. The Total Airport Management System (TAMS) is an integrated airport management system
which supports the business goals of providing an efficient, cost effective operation as it is the
nucleus on the Multimedia Super Corridor ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Number of circuits and approaches are used for aeronautical billing and statistical purposes.
A major point to bear in mind with the way is that the airlines/handling agents are also being
updated on estimates of arrival and departure. Therefore it has to be agreed by all the party's
concerned on who will be responsible for the updating the information.
Airlines and handling agents know of new flight information and if both parties' have the ability to
create new flights then a minute difference in time can create two flights instead of the one.
ATC information can be used to create mandatory statistics required by some Government agencies
such as the National Air traffic Service (NATS) who use the information for planning purposes and
in some case for airspace usage.
ATC Billing
Information entered in ICAO format and UTC and consists of the following information: –
Aircraft Registration
Point of Entry into Air Space
Point of Departure of Air Space
Airport Point of Departure and/or Landing
Times at the Different Points of Entry or Departure
Aircraft registration is entered so that the aircraft type and weight can be used in the calculation of
the fee.
Airport of origin/destination or point of entry and exit are used in the calculation of the fee.
Times are entered if entry and exit time in the FIR forms part of the billing calculation.

Airline/Handling Agents
Information can be entered by

Personal Narrative : Facing Your Fears
Facing your fears The wheels of my almost falling apart luggage where obnoxiously squeaking as I
paced down the busy and rather lengthy airport hallway. Intimidated by frequent stares and unsettled
by the lingering feeling of uncertainty, I tried my best to not attract any more attention than I already
was. My scrawny arms struggled to lift my grey worn out bag, and I avoided eye contact at all
expenses to not feel the rapidly flourishing feeling of embarrassment and regret sitting at the pit of
my stomach. If you couldn't already tell, this was the first time I have ever proceeded to fly alone,
and at the inexperienced age of 13, I wasn't too hyped about taking that step in my life, but for some
stupid reason I thought I had the balls to do it in the first place. I couldn't help but be terrified. All
my life until that very moment, most challenges and tasks are overcome with the assistance of my
parents. Kids don 't have to worry about booking doctors appointments, paying for soccer practice,
packing their lunches, and God forbid travelling alone. This generation's corrupted society seems to
give off the impression that kids don't need to have any responsibilities nor make the effort to
become a more self–reliant individual that will sustain a promising future. Unfortunately I wasn't
much different from the rest of the crowd, since I was raised an only child and the concept of
becoming an independent individual was a distant concern until that very moment. This time

Five Forces Of The Airline Industry
Five Forces model is one way to answer the fundamental question in strategic management; "Why
are some industries more attractive than others?" This pattern suggests five forces that shape
industry competition; bargaining power of buyers, threat of new entrants, threat of substitutes,
bargaining power of suppliers and competitors. In order to analyze the airline industry, we have a
look at each of these forces.
Bargaining power of Buyers The airline industry is made up of two groups of purchasers. First,
there are individual pilot. They buy airplane tickets for a number of reasons that can be personal or
business related. This group is extremely multitudinous; most people in developed countries have
purchased the airplane ticket. They can do this through the particular airline or through the second
group of purchasers; travel agencies and online portals. This buyer group ... Show more content on
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In this case the key suppliers are the airplane producer. The top two producers in the world currently
are Boeing and Airbus (Odell, Mark). In this industry the factor of production is extremely
standardized. Airline companies only look differentiate with amenities. The planes are very similar.
Currently, some producer is trying to make their plans more Eco friendly.
Threat of New Entrants
The threat of new entrants is one of the five forces. This aspect is under threat for the aviation
industry. There are two aspects that are not But the threat level is raised. First, there is the cost of the
change is very low. Second, no proprietary products or services.
Despite the threats, the industry still has a very low overall. The company has a large cost
advantage. This industry requires significant capital and have a strong customer base will have little
to no gain in the first few years. Companies are able to finance their higher to counter the new
company with the means necessary, such as lower prices and a loss.
Threat of

A Short Note On The Cargo Airport ( Dme ) Is Russia's...
Domodedovo Cargo Airport
Domodedovo Cargo Airport (DME) is Russia's main international air cargo hub and is located 22
kilometers south of Moscow. It is the country's largest and busiest airport; providing transportation
for over 22 million passengers each year. It is also the country's most technologically advanced
airport and has a cargo warehouse area of 14,800 square meters (159,306 square feet). Its cargo
capacity is 600 tons of cargo per day and it provides a full range of cargo handling services. It
employs 13,000 personnel and operates 24 hours per day, 7 days per week (TIACA, 2015). DME
provides services to 77 air carriers who fly to 29 domestic and 36 international destinations (DME,
2015). It serves the following regions; Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and other major Russian cities
including the Urals.
The terminal is equipped to handle cargo of all types to include import and export cargo, customs
facilities, and live animals. They even have an on–staff veterinarian. The warehouse is climate
controlled and has freezers and coolers to provide for special handling of perishable cargo. It has a
strong room with closed caption television (CCTV) surveillance and security guards for the storage
of pharmaceutical drugs and valuable cargo. The Dangerous Goods storage site boasts a sealed,
temperature controlled area with special fire suppression systems for hazardous materials/dangerous
goods fires. The air cargo terminal is equipped to handle heavy and outside cargo

Causes for Intense Competition in the United States'...
The Airlines Industry: The domestic airlines industry in the United States has been extremely
competitive after it was deregulated in 1978. The intense competition is attributed to the fact that
newer more agile carriers with lower cost structures were enabled to compete with established
airlines because of the deregulation. In a regulated framework, cost increases in the airlines industry
were passed along to consumers through a fixed rate–of–return pricing structure. During this period,
the employees of established airlines were overpaid as labor unions obtained more power.
Moreover, airlines mainly competed along the lines of service, in–flight movies, and meals because
their prices were established by the Civil Aeronautics Board. However, the deregulation contributed
to the emergence of an extreme price competition as many carriers reduced their prices significantly
through fare promotions. Since then, the airlines industry has become one of the most competitive
and profitable sectors in the economy. Overview of the Airlines Industry: As evident in the previous
explanation, the airlines industry operates in an extremely competitive market following the 1978
deregulation that enabled newer more nimble carriers to compete with established airlines,
particularly through different pricing strategies. In the past few years, this industry has experienced
a major shakedown that has significant effects on its operations. The shakedown has had wide
effects on the industry's

Pest Analysis For Bahamair
PEST analysis abbreviates for Political, Economic, Social and technological strategy of analysis. It
entails the factors on the macro environment (NetMBA). Political factors are where government
regulations and legal factors are assessed in terms of their ability to influence the business
environment and trade markets (Makos, 2014). Factors like political stability, tax guidelines, trade
regulations, safety regulations, and employment laws are mainly addressed in this section (Makos,
2014). Economic factors are where companies analyse the economic issues that can affect the
company (Makos, 2014). Inflation, interest rates, economic growth, the unemployment rate and
policies, and the business cycle followed in the country are mainly addressed ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Teresa Cederholm (2014), it took three years for the global airline industry to recover
the 6% decline in revenue between 2000 and 2001. The US airline industry revenue decreased by
$107.1 billion in 2002 from $130.2 billion in 2000. Passenger traffic decreased by 5.9% year–over–
year in 2001 and 1.4% in 2002.
As a result of this and the recent Paris attacks from the ISIS terrorists group, there have been a
major decline in air travel.
Another factor is the prolonged recession, which has also adversely affected air travel because
people have cut vacations from their expenses.
Because of advances in security by the FAA, the operating costs at airports have increased (Google
Sites). This has a domino effect of airlines because this costs is also passed to them through airport
fees. These costs are then reflected in ticket

Case Study 2: Scandanavian Airlines
4. Case Study 2: Scandanavian Airlines
4.1. Background
In 2007, Scandanavian Airlines experienced three emergency landings within the span of seven
weeks with the aircraft type Dash 8–Q400, produced by Bombardier. Fortunately, there were no
fatalities during this crisis.
4.1.1. Scandanavian Airlines Flight 1209
Scandanavian Airlines Flight 1209 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Copenhagen
International Airport to Aalborg Airport on 9 September 2007.
While landing, the right main landing gear failed to lock in position and was therefore disrupted,
leading to the cabin preparing for a controlled emergency landing. After landing, the right main
landing gear collapsed, the right wing hit the runway and immediately broke into fire. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
They mostly used the diminish crisis response strategy such as justification and excuse.
Scandanavian Airlines tried to minimize the organizational responsibility by claiming that the fault
lied with the Bombardier aircrafts resulting in them having no control over it.
They also employed the deny crisis response strategy, scapegoat, by pushing the blame to
Bombardier. John Dueholm, the Vice President of Scandanavian Airlines, stated that they held
Bombardier liable even before the exact cause of accidents were confirmed. They did not stop there
but they also extended the scapegoating to Goodrich, Bombardier's supplier of landing gear, and
demanded compensation of from Bombardier. Scandanavian Airlines also played the victim in this
crisis by claiming that Bombardier misinformed them about the components' faults and frequently
used the bolstering crisis response strategy.
Once the third crisis hit Scandanavian Airlines, apart from using the bolstering crisis response
strategy, they also employed the deny crisis response strategy. Scapegoating was used to shift the
blame to the external parties like Bombardier. By demanding an increased compensation,
Scandanavian Airlines seemed like a crisis

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