Travis Ramsay Halliburton

1. © 2018 Halliburton. All rights reserved.
Integrated Petro-Elastic Modeling For
Refracture Candidate Selection
Travis Ramsay Product Manager
Luisalic Hernandez Technical Advisor
Jennifer Li Sr. Software Analyst
Meftun Erdogan Technical Advisor

2. © 2018 Halliburton. All rights reserved.
Outline
 Challenge
 Solution
 Results

3. 3© 2018 Halliburton. All rights reserved.
Challenge
 Pricing environment
 Drilling and completion costs for new
well are high
 Refracturing can be cheaper
(~$2MM; DrillingInfo) compared to
a new well (~$7MM; Citigroup,
U.S. EIA)
 With high ROI (1 Bcf of incremental
gas reserves) refrac planning in the
initial development of a field is
advised…
 How?

4. 4© 2018 Halliburton. All rights reserved.
PEM Reservoir Analysis
Engineering
Seismic
inversion
Well
plan
Stimulation
Risk
Geosciences
Flow simulation
Stratigraphic
framework
Property
population
Fluid
initialization
 Seismic-driven history matching
 Anomaly detection
 Reservoir monitoring assessment
 Rock type calibration

5. 5© 2018 Halliburton. All rights reserved.
Technical Integration
• Seismic-driven history matching (HM)
• Is the HM historically sound and geologically
consistent?
• Anomaly detection
• Was anything missed?
• Reservoir monitoring assessment
• Are additional surveys necessary and at what
frequency?
• Rock type calibration
• Is the fluid/rock interaction described
accurately?
Seismic Processing
Seismic Analysis,
Interpretation, and
Inversion
Reservoir
Characterization
Numerical Simulation
SeismictoSimulation
SimulationtoSeismic
Data/Numerical Modeling (T2)
Data Acquisition (T1,T2)

6. 6© 2018 Halliburton. All rights reserved.
Petro-elastic model
(PEM); synthetic
seismic
Efficiency and Accuracy
Resampling
M
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
More work, more details lost and subsequently created,
and scale opposed
Seismic inversion
Less work, fewer details lost, and scale preserved
Resampling
Upscaling
Rescaling
Seismic inversion
Earth model
Flow simulation
Earth model
Flow simulation
PEM; synthetic seismic
Upscaling

7. © 2018 Halliburton. All rights reserved.
Outline
 Challenge
 Solution
 PEM types
 Results

8. 8© 2018 Halliburton. All rights reserved.
In a Low Permeability Reservoir…
Geophysicaland
GeologistsGroup
Reservoir
Management
Earth modeling
Plan well, cluster, stage
spacing
Reservoir
simulation
Seismic inversion: T1
PEM: T2
PEM: Dimensionless Zp (T1,T2)
Seismic inversion: T1
Seismic inversion: Dimensionless
Zp
Production
profile
Production
forecasting
and economics
Three-
dimensional (3D)
arrays

9. 9© 2018 Halliburton. All rights reserved.
𝐾𝑖 = 𝜌𝑖 𝑉𝑖
2 i = w, g, o, m
𝑉𝑝 =
𝐾𝑠𝑎𝑡 +
4
3
𝜇 𝑠𝑎𝑡
𝜌𝑠𝑎𝑡
𝑍 𝑝 = 𝜌𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑉𝑝
𝜇 𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝜇 𝑑𝑟𝑦
𝐾𝑠𝑎𝑡 =
𝜑 1
𝐾0
− 1
𝐾 𝑓𝑙
+ 1
𝐾0
−
1
𝐾 𝑑𝑟𝑦
𝜑
𝐾 𝑑𝑟𝑦
1
𝐾0
− 1
𝐾 𝑓𝑙
+ 1
𝐾0
1
𝐾0
− 1
𝐾 𝑑𝑟𝑦
𝜌𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝜌 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 1 − 𝜑 + 𝜌 𝑤 𝑆 𝑤 𝜑 + 𝜌ℎ𝑐 1 − 𝑆 𝑤 𝜑
Batzle and Wang (BW) Method Simulator-Driven Method (SDM)
 𝑬 = 3𝑲 1 − 2𝜐

10. 10© 2018 Halliburton. All rights reserved.
BW
SD
Time = 0 Time = 1708
Structured Grid

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BW SD
Normalized impedance space between time = 0 and 1,708 days.
Structured Grid

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Outline
 Challenge
 Solution
 Results
 Eagle-Ford Case Study

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Fault Likelihood and Natural Fracture Modeling
0° degrees
NFN (fault)
Azimuth direction of
the 3D NFN

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Pressure Profiles
P = 486 days P = 974 days

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𝑍 𝑝,1:2 = 10
0.1
𝑍 𝑝,1−𝑍 𝑝,2
𝑍 𝑝,1 − 0.5
Dimensionless P-impedance
T0…T486
T0…T974

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Quantification and Timing
Timing Relative Change (Stimulated Volume)
T0-T486 49%
T0-T974 57%
ft/sˑg/cc

17. 17© 2018 Halliburton. All rights reserved.
PEM for REFRAC Candidate Selection
Challenge
 New well costs are high; refrac can be more economical
 Integration of multiple data types and disparate disciplines
 Refrac planning in initial field development
Solution
 Utilization of embedded PEM in reservoir simulator
 Integrated workflow linking reservoir simulation to seismic inversion
 Dimensionless representation of p-impedance to describe spatio-temporal changes
Results
 Solution that is sensitive to production modeled in unconventionals
 High fidelity simulated description of the stimulated volume
 PEM-driven determination of candidate refrac locations

18. 18© 2018 Halliburton. All rights reserved.