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Module 2-lte architecture and protocol
- 1. 1 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential LTE Architecture and protocol Rajiv Bindlish , Nitinkumar Savani NPO/India/COC
- 2. 2 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential Agenda • Standardization Landscape • LTE Network Architecture • Introduction to LTE interfaces • Protocols Structure • Overhead Calculation
- 3. 3 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential Transport Network Layer Radio Network Layer Standardization Landscape MME SAE-GW O&M UE eNB 3GPP defines the Radio Network Layer. LTE Transport is nowhere defined consistently!
- 4. 4 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential 3GPP releases • Next step for GSM/WCDMA/HSPA and cdma2000 LTE (long Term Evolution) year UMTS Rel 99/4 UMTS Rel 5 UMTS Rel 6 UMTS Rel 7 2007 2005 2003 2000 2008 IMS HSDPA MBMS WLAN IW HSUPA IMS Evolution LTE Studies Specification: 2009 • LTE have been developed by the same standardization organization. The target has been simple multimode implementation and backwards compatibility. UMTS Rel 8 LTE & EPC
- 5. 5 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential Reduced Network Complexity • Flat, scalable IP based architecture Flat Architecture: 2 nodes architecture IP based Interfaces Access Core Control Evolved Node B GateWay IMS HLR/HSS Flat, IP based architecture Internet MME
- 6. 6 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential
- 7. 7 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential Long-Term Evolution (LTE): A 3GPP driven initiative main Requirements • Peak data rates of 173 Mbps/58 Mbps • Low latency 10-20 ms Enhanced consumer experience • Scalable bandwidth of 1.4 – 20 MHz Easy to introduce on any frequency band • OFDM technology • Flat, scalable IP based architecture Decreased cost / GB • Next step for GSM/WCDMA/HSPA and CDMA A true global roaming technology
- 8. 8 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential Comparison of Throughput and Latency HSPA R6 Max. peak data rate Mbps Evolved HSPA (Rel. 7/8, 2x2 MIMO) LTE 2x20 MHz (2x2 MIMO) LTE 2x20 MHz (4x4 MIMO) Downlink Uplink 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 HSPAevo (Rel8) LTE * Server near RAN Latency (Rountrip delay)* DSL (~20-50 ms, depending on operator) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 GSM/ EDGE HSPA Rel6 min max ms Enhanced consumer experience: - drives subscriber uptake - allow for new applications - provide additional revenue streams • Peak data rates of 173 Mbps/58 Mbps • Low latency 10-20 ms
- 9. 9 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential Scalable bandwidth • Scalable bandwidth of 1.4 – 20 MHz Easy to introduce on any frequency band: Frequency Refarming (Cost efficient deployment on lower frequency bands supported) Scalable Bandwidth Urban 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 Rural 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 or 2.6 GHz 2.1 GHz 2.6 GHz 2.1 GHz LTE UMTS UMTS LTE 900 MHz 900 MHz GSM or GSM UMTS LTE LTE LTE
- 10. 10 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential 1.4 - 20MHz 5MHz 5MHz 200 kHz Bandwidth 5MHz 3GPP Network evolution comparison PS only, VoIP CAPEX& OPEX optimized BB PS Broadband PS CS and PS Services Flat 100/50 Mbps 10ms LTE Flat for PS RNC based BSC based Architecture 14/5 Mbps 14/5 Mbps 200/200 kbps Peak data rate DL/UL 25ms 50ms 200ms Latency I-HSPA R6 HSPA R6 EDGE CS and high speed PS RNC based 384/384 kbps 150ms WCDMA
- 11. 11 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential Evolved Packet System (EPS) Architecture - Subsystems • The EPS architecture goal is to optimize the system for packet data transfer. • There are no circuit switched components. The EPS architecture is made up of: – EPC: Evolved Packet Core, also referred as SAE – eUTRAN: Radio Access Network, also referred as LTE LTE or eUTRAN SAE or EPC • EPC provides access to external packet IP networks and performs a number of CN related functions (e.g. QoS, security, mobility and terminal context management) for idle and active terminals • eUTRAN performs all radio interface related functions EPS Architecture
- 12. 12 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential Evolved Packet Core (EPC) PCRF HSS User plane Control plane AAA LTE Radio Access Network MME Serving GW PDN GW IMS Services in Packet Data Network Internet Operator services Company intranets eNode-B 3GPP network architecture: Evolved Packet Core (simplified) SAE-GW
- 13. 13 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential LTE Overview
- 14. 14 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential Operator Services Internet Corporate Services LTE Overview Evolved Packet Core PCRF S11 S1-MME S1-U S11 Gx Rx+ SGi HSS S5-GTP User plane Control plane S10 S6a MME eUTRAN eNodeB PGW SGW MME LTE Basic EPS architecture defined in 3GPP TS 23.401 Includes the functionality for connectivity through E- UTRAN S1-MME
- 15. 15 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential Operator Services Internet Corporate Services Overlaping of the LTE with UMTS & GSM Evolved Packet Core PCRF Gb Iu S4 S1-MME S1-U S11 Gx Rx+ SGi HSS S5 User plane Control plane S3 S6a SGSN BSC RNC S10 RAN NodeB eNodeB PGW S12 Gxc(*) SGW MME LTE 3G 2G Gr/S6d S16
- 16. 16 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential Different Entites in the LTE UE User Equipment eNB eNodeB MME Mobility Management Entity S-GW Serving Gateway PDN-GW Packet Data Network Gateway SAE-GW System Architecture Evolution Gateway HSS Home Subscriber Server SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node AAA Authentication, Authorization & Accounting PCRF Policy Charging and Rules Function IMS Information Management System
- 17. 17 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential Access Aggregation LTE Network Elements All protocols over IP Inter-BTS connectivity X2-u/c O&M S1-u S1-c (S1_MME) BTS BTS S-GW MME Transport network Ethernet will be the predominant interface technology
- 18. 18 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential PDCP RLC MAC PHY RRC PDCP RLC MAC PHY Uu UE eNB S1-MME IP L1/L2 MME SCTP IP L1/L2 NAS RRC S1-AP SCTP S1-AP eNB UDP IP L1/L2 GTP-U eNB UDP IP L1/L2 GTP-U X2 IP L1/L2 SCTP IP L1/L2 SCTP X2-AP X2-AP PDCP RLC MAC PHY User IP PDCP RLC MAC PHY Uu UE eNB S1-U UDP IP L1/L2 GTP-U S-GW UDP IP L1/L2 GTP-U LTE Transport Protocol Stack IPv4 based protocol stacks for User, Control and Management Plane Inter-eNB X2 (U/C-Plane) IP NetAct O&M (M-Plane) S1-U (U-Plane) S1-MME (C-Plane) MME SAE-GW eNB 2 eNB1
- 19. 19 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential Protocol Stack User Plan
- 20. 20 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential Protocol Stack Control Plan
- 21. 21 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential Protocol Stack Management Plan eNB 1 eNB 2 Mgmt. Appl. UDP/TCP IP IPSec (*) L1/L2 Mgmt. Appl. UDP/TCP IP IPSec (*) L1/L2 Mgmt. Appl. UDP/TCP IP IPSec (*) L1/L2 O&M i/f O&M i/f LTE M-Plane NetAct NetAct (*) IPSec is optional
- 22. 22 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential Control Plane User Plane Protocol Stacks MAC L2 eNB S1 RLC PHY PHY eUE eUu L1 aGW L2 L1 IP IP UDP UDP GTP-U GTP-U PDCP MAC RLC PDCP L2 X2 L1 eNB L2 L1 IP IP UDP UDP GTP-U GTP-U eNB MAC L2 eNB S1 RLC PHY PHY eUE eUu L1 MME L2 L1 IP IP SCTP SCTP S1-AP S1-AP PDCP MAC RLC PDCP RRC RRC NAS NAS L2 X2 L1 L2 L1 IP IP SCTP SCTP X2-AP X2-AP eNB eNB
- 23. 23 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential Protocol Overhead
- 24. 24 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential Protocol Overhead
- 25. 25 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential Protocol Overhead
- 26. 26 © Nokia Siemens Networks NPO/COC/INDIA Company confidential Thank You
Editor's Notes
- Cost per Mbyte decreases with intoduction of new technologies. From HSPA > LTE cost per Mbyte will reduce with more than 70% Why? Increased spectral efficiency > bits per Hz per cell for LTE (2X2 Mimo) ~ 1.7 Flat architecture. Reuse of spectrum > refarming of existing 900 MHz band in rural areas possible. For urban larger bandwidth expected in 2.6 GHz
- Scalability of bandwidth Urban areas: Most likely LTE will be deployed. Stepwise deployment in UMTS 2.1 bands will be possible at a later stage. Rural areas: Option 1: deploy UMTS in 900 MHz band. Advantage: rollout can start now Disadvantage: a block of 5 MHz need to be taken out of the GSM band. Not a lot of operators can affort to take out this much of spectrum due to heavy usage in this band Option 2: Introduce LTE in 900 MHz band Advantage: reuse of GSM 900 Sites. step by step introduction of LTE with smaller granularity (1.4 / 3 / 5 /…MHz).
- S1-MME: C-plane between EUTRAN and MME S1-U: U-plane between EUTRAN and Serving GW S3: User & bearer information exchange for inter 3GPP access system mobility in idle and/or active state. It is based on Gn reference point as defined between SGSNs. S4: U-plane with related ctrl. & mobility support between GPRS Core and 3GPP Anchor. It is based on Gn reference point as defined between SGSN and GGSN. S5: U-plane tunneling between Serving and PDN GW. It is used for Serving GW relocation and in case Serving GW needs to connect to a non collocated PDN GW for the required PDN connectivity S6a: Transfer of subscription & auth. data for authenticating/authorizing user access to EPC S7: Transfer of policy & charging rules from PCRF to PCEF S8a: inter PLMN variant of S5 S10: Reference point between MMEs in case of relocation and information exchange S11: Reference point between MME and Serving GW SGi: Reference point between PDN SAE-GW and packet data network. Corresponds to Gi/ Wi functionalities. Rx+: Reference point between AF and PCRF based on current Rx (necessary modifications are FFS)
- S1-MME: C-plane between EUTRAN and MME S1-U: U-plane between EUTRAN and Serving GW S3: User & bearer information exchange for inter 3GPP access system mobility in idle and/or active state. It is based on Gn reference point as defined between SGSNs. S4: U-plane with related ctrl. & mobility support between GPRS Core and 3GPP Anchor. It is based on Gn reference point as defined between SGSN and GGSN. S5: U-plane tunneling between Serving and PDN GW. It is used for Serving GW relocation and in case Serving GW needs to connect to a non collocated PDN GW for the required PDN connectivity S6a: Transfer of subscription & auth. data for authenticating/authorizing user access to EPC S7: Transfer of policy & charging rules from PCRF to PCEF S8a: inter PLMN variant of S5 S10: Reference point between MMEs in case of relocation and information exchange S11: Reference point between MME and Serving GW SGi: Reference point between PDN SAE-GW and packet data network. Corresponds to Gi/ Wi functionalities. Rx+: Reference point between AF and PCRF based on current Rx (necessary modifications are FFS)