how to use antibiotics? AST(antibiotic sensitivity test) advantage and disadvantage of antibiotics

1. Antibiotic
Supervised by : Dr. Rahman Kareem
Prepared by : Fatma Faxraddin

2. Outline:
1. Introduction
2. Function
3. Antibiotics work through
4. We have 8 subclass in antibiotic
5. Forms of antibiotic
6. AST
7. Disadvantages
8. Advantage

3. Introduction
 An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria. It is the most
important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections, and antibiotic
medications are widely used in the treatment and prevention of such infections. They
may either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.

4. Function
 Antibiotics are used to treat or prevent some types of bacterial infection. They kill
bacteria or prevent them from reproducing and spreading.
 There are two type of action that anti bacterial affect the bacteria
 Bacteriostatic :inhibit or slowing the growth of bacteria.
 Bactericidal: kills bacteria directly
 Antibiotics aren't effective against viral infections. This includes the common cold, flu,
most coughs and sore throats.

5. Antibiotics work through:
1.killing bacteria.
2.prevent ingress to bacteria.
3.destroying the walls of the cell and the curtain of the bacterial cell.
4.Preventing the creation of RNA or DNA bacterial.

6. We have 8 subclass in antibiotic:
 Subclass 1 Beta lactam
( pencillins , Cephalosporin ,Carbapenems)
 Subclass 2 Tetracycline
(Tetracycline ,Doxycycline ,Minocycline , Oxytetracyclin , Omadacycline)
 Subclass 3 Macrolides
(Azithromycin ,Clarithromycin ,Erythromycin)
 Subclass 4 Aminoglycosides
(Amikacin ,Gentamicin ,Tobramycin ,Neomycin)
 Subclass 5 Fluoroquinolonens
(Ciprofloxacin ,Levofloxacin ,Moxifloxacin, Norfloxacin ,Ofloxacin)
 Subclass 6 Sulfonamides
(Trimethorprim + Sulfamethoxazole(Bactrim), Salazopyrine , Sulfasalazine )
 Subclass 7 Glycopeptides lipoglycopeptides
(Vancomycin)
 Subclass 8 Nitromidazole
(Metronidazole ,Tindazole ,Ornidazole)

7. Forms of antibiotic
1. Vial
2. Ampule
3. Tablet
4. Capsule
5. Powder
6. Ointment
7. Cream
8. Drop

8. AST(Antibiotic Sensitive Test)

9. Disadvantages
1.diarrhoea.
2.vomiting
3.Change urinary color.
example: Rifampin ,Refabutin , Nitrofarantion.
*they make the urine color red.
4.creating kidney stones.
5.feeling uncomfortable and sensitive to the sunlight. the sunlight.
6.Abdominal pain
7.Constipation
8.Headache
9.rash

10. Advantage:
1.Antibiotics can slow the growth of and kill many types of infection.
2.In some cases, such as before surgery, antibiotics can prevent infection from occurring.
3.Antibiotics are fast-acting; some will begin working within a few hours.
4.They are easy to take: Most antibiotics are oral medications.

11. Thank You