Introduction to leather, chemistry of leather , manufacturing process of leather industry, raw materials of leather, tanning process of leather . All important details regarding leather industry manufacturing process is included along with chemistry involved in leather production process

1. QuratUlAin Khalid
UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION,
LAHORE

2. Contents:
• Introduction & Significance of
leather Industry
• Chemistry of leather
• Raw Materials
• Manufacturing Process

3. WHAT IS LEATHER
“ A natural fabric made with chemically treated animal skin”
PROPERTIES
Insulative, Durable, Water resistant, Softness, Flexible
SOURCES & USES
• lambskins,sheepskins - car seats, floor rugs, clothing, bedding and footwear
• cattle hides - shoes (soles and uppers), clothing, belts and upholstery
• calfskins - fashionable shoe uppers, gloves

4. CHEMISTRY OF
LEATHER
TANNING: It permanently fix the fibers apart by
chemical treatment, and to lubricate them so they
can move in relation to one another
Process of tanning is involved to make leather
wearable from dead skin.
• Retains properties
• Improves grades and textures
• Enhances color

5. COLLAGEN
prescence= skin
amino acid = GLYCINE
linkage: PEPTIDE
KERATIN
prescence= hair,fur,wool
amino acid = CYSTEINE
linkage=DISULPHIDE
CHEMISTRY OF LEATHER

6. RAW MATERIALS
• Product of meat
processing industry
• Tanning agents

7. Unhairing
Liming
Deliming & Bateing
Pickling
Tanning
Neutralizing,Dyeing,fat liquoring
Drying
Finishing
Manufacturing of leather

8. Liming

9. Tanning
TRIVALENT
CHROMIUM
SULPHATE
During tanning, the skin structure is stabilized in its
open form by replacing some of the collagen with complex ions of chromium
Why chromium acts as a good tannin?
• Stable intermediate, easy exchange of
ligands
• polynuclear complexes (Cr-O-Cr)

10. THANKS FOR YOUR
ATTENTION
Any Questions